ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
431
RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
DEFENSE IN EXTREME SITUATIONS
Sayfullaev Ezozjon son of Avazjan
Master's degree from Asian International University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10115259
Abstract.
In this article, the level of awareness of the situation and the adequacy of
behavior in the event of an unexpected life danger are largely determined by the innate
characteristics of a person, his attitude, type of nervous system and a number of other
psychobiological indicators. how to train and be ready.
Key words:
emergency situation, extreme situation, extreme conditions, protection,
reaction, mental changes, impact, voluntary action, resource, resistance.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ЗАЩИТЫ ЛИЧНОСТИ В ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ
СИТУАЦИЯХ
Аннотация.
В данной статье уровень осознания ситуации и адекватность
поведения при возникновении неожиданной жизненной опасности во многом определяются
врожденными особенностями человека, его мироощущением, типом нервной системы и
рядом других психобиологических показателей. как тренироваться и быть готовым.
Ключевые слова:
чрезвычайная ситуация, экстремальная ситуация, экстремальные
условия, защита, реакция, психические изменения, воздействие, произвольное действие,
ресурс, сопротивление.
Discussions about the problems of “psychological defense mechanisms” and coping
behavior” in extreme situations arose a long time ago and continue to this day. This means that
there are practical and theoretical difficulties in identifying defense mechanisms and coping
thresholds.
Often these processes manifest themselves purposefully. Also, the behavior of
psychological defense occurs in external situations and performs the function of “resolving internal
conflict” and participates as a mediator in the conflict between consciousness and the unconscious.
In extreme situations, psychological defense reflects: denial, repression, rationalization,
depression, identification, catharsis and many other forms.
Defense mechanisms work effectively due to their powerful criteria for stopping anxiety
and overcoming fear. According to S. Freud, “human existence is characterized by the struggle
with fears and anxieties that arise in various situations.”
Each of the components of extreme living
conditions has positive and negative consequences depending on its significance and subjective
assessment by a person. At the same time, a person is characterized by a situational understanding
of these components of extreme states, on the basis of which both personal (positive) changes and
pathological changes in behavior can occur.
When exposed to extreme stimuli, the mental
processes and states of a person change (perception, perception, thinking, memory, emotions, etc.).
Possible pathological disorders may be depression, phobia, anxiety disorder.
Extreme
episodes change the value system (what was previously insignificant becomes important and
valuable), but obsessions, manias, etc. may appear.
Extreme situations help change the target
behavior, but conflict, aggression and irritability are possible. The environment changes a person’s
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
432
mental organization for the better (empathy, communication, help, etc.), but depression,
psychopathic deviations, and psychological trauma can develop.
The environmental factor
contributes to changes in the spiritual organization of a person (search for meaning, development
of will, courage, heroism), however, the lack of spirituality can lead to the loss of moral principles.
Mental protection can be divided into three types according to its functional function and
complexity according to age stages.
They consist of:
1)
sensory-psychological protection – protection occurs in the div through psychosensory
control of behavior.
2)
perceptual psychological protection - as a result of the use of perceptual psychological
control, the individual develops protection.
3)
psychological protection of the individual - protection arises in a person as a result of a
person’s behavior, activity and conscious actions.
Perceptual and sensory protection in humans are associated with the biological needs of a
person (to continue to exist while maintaining individuality). Its goal is to preserve and protect
conflicts during the psychological development of personality in a person and interpersonal
relationships.
In these conflicts, a person participates not as an organism or a person, but as an individual.
Thanks to pre-formed habitual strategies and the relative immutability of behavior in extreme
situations, a person always reacts through a system of interpersonal relationships (asks for help,
manipulates, shows aggression, helps others, etc.).
It is as if he is involved in some kind of
interpersonal game, the exit from which can be very difficult. For example, a victim game in which
the roles are predetermined: Victim, Aggressor, Rescuer. Such relationships are built on the basis
of a person’s unhealthy reaction to the intrusion of an extreme event and often traumatize the
individual.
Thus, the assessment of an event in the conditions of a certain social system, the attitude
towards it is influenced by cultural and historical conditions, specific characteristics of the
situation (emergency, extreme), as well as the level of formation of a certain social system struggle.
Strategies that allow you to talk about a person’s individual history (biography). Nowadays,
extreme conditions are woven into a person’s biography, more permanent than situations, and it is
important that they contribute to the development of a person’s readiness or unpreparedness for
extreme influences.
In a person’s psychological readiness for extreme influences O.S. Shiryaeva,
S.V. Kondrashenkova, Yu.A. Surikova identifies five components:
1) a positive assessment of the limb, including its assessment as a challenge;
2) non-normative activity as a creative direction for processing traumatic experience, an
active life position, etc.;
3) orientation towards mutual assistance as a focus on cooperation, altruism versus
selfishness;
4) the strength of the “I”, which means high neuropsychic stability, willingness to take
risks, responsibility, independence;
5) the desire for subjective richness of life, variety and intensity of impressions as an
assessment of the completeness and quality of life.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
433
These resources increase a person's adaptive abilities, regardless of the nature of the
extremes. Thus, from a psychological point of view, we can talk about two layers of personality
development in extreme conditions:
1.
contribute to the development, growth and development of a person under the influence
of extreme stimuli, episodes, relationships, situations, environment;
2.
) victimization, turning a person into a victim of extreme stimuli, episodes, relationships,
situations, extreme environments.
When using all these components, a person may find himself in very difficult life
situations. However, these conditions can become an impetus for him not only to pathological
changes and sacrifice, but also to the possibility of transformation and positive high intrapersonal
changes. Any pathological personality changes are often considered extreme cases. They are based
on mental illness, dysfunction of the div, which becomes the main criterion for an extreme state.
D.G. Tagdisi and Ya.D. Mamedov (1991) describe the div’s reactions to extreme stimuli in the
form of the dynamics of the development of extreme states: mobilization, resistance (stability,
resistance), overexertion, fatigue (a type of unconditional inhibition, which in brain cells,
corresponding cortical structures there is an excessive increase in the strength, duration or
frequency of excitation) and fatigue again.
If at first extreme states represent adaptive reactions of the div, then (due to duration,
extreme intensity, transcendence) they can be pathological in nature. The main pathological
reactions of a person to extreme situations, their duration and the consequences of their experience
are presented in the textbook “Psychology of Stress”. It should be noted that today the human
condition is considered in several aspects: it is an indicator of the dynamics of individual and
holistic human reactions, caused by internal and external factors. Therefore, a person’s reaction to
extreme situations is closely related to his circumstances. In fact, the manifestation of an extreme
situation associated with various factors has a direct negative impact on the psychological nature
of a person. As a result, a person experiences a certain level of depression. To get out of this
depressive state, it is necessary to provide a person with psychological help. To do this, first of all,
it is necessary to know the psycho-emotional factors that cause an extreme situation. These factors
include:
1. Manifestation of various emotional actions that cause dangerous situations.
2. Lack of necessary information at the moment and lack of information aimed at
mitigating the situation.
3. Excessive mental, physical and emotional stress.
4. Adverse weather effects: extremely hot temperature, extremely cold temperature, lack
of oxygen in the air, etc.
5. Famine, drought, etc.
It should also be noted that in extreme situations, the human div more often falls into a
state of stress. To provide psychological services to people, it is very important to know the essence
and causes of stress. Therefore, Hans Seele (1907-1982), Nobel Prize winner, is an outstanding
physiologist. According to the scientist, patients under stress are more likely to experience loss of
appetite, decreased mobility, increased blood pressure and depression. G. Seele defines these
ISSN:
2181-3906
2023
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
434
symptoms of stress as “a sign of a simple illness.” Locus of control determines how effectively a
person controls the environment and influences its changes.
There are external (external) and internal (internal) control centers. External people
perceive events as random and as the influence of external forces beyond human control. Introverts
believe that almost all events are within the sphere of human influence. In their opinion, even
catastrophic situations can be prevented by thoughtful human actions. They spend their energy
obtaining information that will allow them to influence the course of events and develop specific
plans of action. Internal organs know how to control themselves and successfully overcome
extreme situations.
Psychological stability (endurance) shows how strongly a person can withstand the
effects of stressful and extreme situations. It includes a number of factors, including locus of
control, personal self-esteem, level of criticality, optimism, and the presence or absence of internal
conflicts. The best psychological resilience is also achieved by beliefs and moral values that allow
you to give personal meaning to an extreme situation. Personality is formed under the influence of
the social environment. Therefore, the indicator of human safety or risk taking is not only an innate
quality, but also the result of development. Inadequate formation of a person’s individual
characteristics manifests itself in extreme cases (and such cases usually precede and accompany
accidents). A person’s propensity to take risks significantly increases emotional balance, the
inability to quickly divide attention and highlight the main object among a large number of other
objects, insufficient endurance and excessive (too large or too small) appetite for risk.
Psychological analysis and research is one of the most subtle and unique arts, requiring
deep knowledge and skill. If you connect personality to psychological study in an extreme
situation, then the branches of psychology will expand and turn it into one of the necessary areas.
At the same time, sensitivity in extreme situations and their types (such as panic, fear, escape), the
dynamics of an extreme situation and the uniqueness of this situation are also fully studied, and
psychological help can be provided to a person in such a situation. situation.
At this time, in the era of developed civilization, we can often encounter extreme
situations. In such a situation, a person must first of all find help from himself. This help is
psychological help. In case of fear, anxiety, crying, convulsions, confusion, feelings of guilt, the
ability to control physical movements, nervous tremors, anger, rage, aggression and stressful
situations, the formation of psychological abilities, skills and knowledge in a person is used to
ensure that the situation is positive, they bully.
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2181-3906
2023
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«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 2 / ISSUE 11 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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