ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
162
KARAKALPAKISMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE TEXT-FORMING
FUNCTION OF RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE LITERARY TEXT
Dospanova D.U.
Associate Professor at TUIT.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10938656
Abstract.
The influence of Karakalpaks on the Russian literary text is considered. As an
example, the works written or translated into Russian by writers of Karakalpakstan are cited.
Key words:
Karakalpakisms, mutual enrichment, mutual influence, borrowing, lexicon.
КАРАКАЛПАКИЗМЫ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ТЕКСТООБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНУЮ
ФУНКЦИЮ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНОГО ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОГО ТЕКСТА
Аннотация.
Рассматриваются
вопросы
влияния
каракалпакизмов
на
русскоязычный художественный текст. В качестве примеров рассматриваются
произведения писателей Каракалпакии написанные или же переведенные на русский язык.
Ключевые
слова:
Каракалпакизмы,
взаимообогащение,
взаимовлияние,
заимствования, лексика.
Interlingual mutual enrichment and mutual influence is a two-way process, that is, this is a
type of interaction of languages in which all contacting languages, for example, Russian and
Karakalpak, are enriched. Thus, through the translation into Russian of the works of Karakalpak
writers and poets depicting the unique way of life and culture of the people, more and more
Karakalpak words are becoming known to Russian-speaking readers.
When studying a literary text, it is important to identify the individual characteristics of the
vocabulary of the work, its vocabulary, which acts as the main tool in achieving maximum
expressiveness of what is being described, be it real events or some figment of the author’s
imagination.
In the language of each work of art, it is always possible to identify a group of words that
are not registered in dictionaries for various reasons. For individual writers it will be different in
quantity, in statistical assessment, and in the role it plays in the system of semantic-stylistic and
figurative-tropical means of the language of a particular work.
The study of unregistered words in a writer’s language or in a separate work is nevertheless
of interest not only for lexicology, but also for other branches of the science of language (word
formation, grammar, stylistics, and so on). The study of their structure, features of functioning in
the language of a work of art provides valuable factual material for solving some general problems
of linguistics - primarily for the theory of speech activity and the system-level foundations of text
generation [3:35].
One of the researchers in this area is A. Umarov, who is the author of the dictionary
“Dictionary of Karakalpak words in Russian text,” published in 1995, containing more than 300
words found in translated literature from the Karakalpak language into Russian.
An analysis of A. Umarov’s dictionary shows that in terms of their composition,
Karakalpak words reflected in Russian-language texts are mainly nouns denoting various concepts.
They are divided into the following thematic categories:
1) Words with the meaning of person (
aksakal, aspaz, arabekesh, bazhban, beldar,
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
163
belsendi, dzhasavyl, zerger, karavanbashi, kurbashi, murap, naspurish
and others).
2) Words denoting the names of tools (
bel, gulmyyik, gunde, gurek, kakpan, orak, pazna,
tyrman
and others).
3) Words denoting household items (
alasha, boyra, gubi shelek, guse, digirman, kebezhe,
kelikelsap, kozak, kumgan, orlik, sukabak, khurjun
and others).
4) Words denoting religious concepts (
Allah, Akhun, Imam, Maksym, Mullah, Namaz,
Oraza, Sufi, Khoja, Sharia,
and others).
5) Words denoting family relationships (
apa, ata, biykesh, zhenge, kainaga, kainim, kelin,
kurdas, myrzaga, sheshe
and others).
6) Words denoting the names of national dishes and food products, drinks (
baursak,
beshbarmak, gurtik, zharma, zagara, kaymak, katyk, katybylamyk, kaun, kurt, kuurdak. may juice,
syuk, syuk gozhe, shaule, shurpa
and others).
7) Words denoting national customs, games (
as, besik, zhyry, betashar, zhuap, kalym, kok
bar, suyunchi, talak, taslau, tusau toy, usir
and others).
8) Words denoting means of transportation (
arba, atshana, keme, ogizshana, from arba,
payapyl, sokpak
and others).
9) Words denoting the names of jewelry, clothing and shoes, fabrics, hats (
aidynly, arabek,
basorau, bas oramal, belbeu, beshpent, boz, gupi, etik, keush, kimeshek, koilek, kurash, kyzyl,
masi, saukele, tone postun, sharshi, shogirme
and others).
10) Words denoting the names of plants (
azhyryk, dzhida, jingil, dzhugara, zheken, koknar,
kuga, kurai, yantak
; this also includes stable phrases (terminologisms):
ak-tal, ak-terek, juzgun,
karabarak, karagach, turangil, shengel
and others).
11) Words denoting national musical instruments and naming performers of songs, dastans
(
bakhsy, dombra, dutar, zhrau, kobyz, kissakan, saz girjek, sazendi, syrnay, ushpelek, shynkobyz
and others).
12) Words related to agriculture and water management (
ak egis, arpa aspek, basu, boget,
cairo, kazu, karabura keriz, kambar, tarnau, tartpa, chigir
and others).
13) Words denoting the names of animals and insects (
gayran, kiyik, nar, serke, tai, tulki,
chayan
and others).
14) Interjective words included in sentences (
ay, alla-alla, wai, ie, ha, hau, ettegen - ay
and others), expressing a bright national flavor (Comparison: ''Ha, what a cultural horseman'' - Yu.
Leontichev 1983, p.56).
It should be noted that the examined Karakalpak words have been mastered by the Russian
language to a significant extent phonetically. Most of them are transformed, obeying the sound
laws of the Russian language (for example, after hissing ones,
i-jingil
is written), and some are
preserved in the same form in which they are used in the source language (
shy-shymyldyk, zhy-
zhyrau
). There is a discrepancy in the graphic design of individual words (korpeshe-kurpacha,
suyunshi-suyunchi, suiinshi and others). Often before
j
there is
d
(
j
asaul
-dj
usaul,
j
igit
-dj
igit) and
so on.
The gender of Karakalpak words and their number are determined according to the law of
the Russian language. Nouns are usually not declined in cases where they end in a sound unusual
for the Russian language (
sufi, kurbashi, bakhsy
and others): (Comparison: “But then the strong
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
164
voice of the
bakhsa
, sitting right next to the fire, sounded” - A. Begimov 1987, p. 155). Most
female names also do not decline if they have a hard consonant at the end (Comparison: “A month
later a letter arrived from Myrzakhan” - A. Bekimbetov 1980, p. 45) and so on.
A certain part of the borrowed words, having been included in the regular word-formation
models of the Russian language, gave a number of derived words with the suffixes
-chan, -sk, -n, -ov
:
aul-aulny-aulchane; turangile-turangile
.
There are cases of the use of Karakalpak words in a figurative meaning (Comparison: “And
the government promises us an iron tulpar” Y. Leonichev 1983, p. 156). ''Tulpar'' is a “winged
horse” in mythology, and in this case it means “railroad”.
So, in Russian-language texts, Karakalpak words are used to express a unique and
multifaceted national and socio-historical flavor. They are woven into the language of works as an
inseparable important component of artistic, visual and semantic-stylistic means.
REFERENCES
1.
Begimov A. “The Fisherman’s Daughter.” Novel. Translation from Karakalpak, M.
Sheverdin, Nukus. Karakalpakstan, 1987. - 188 p.
2.
Bekimbetov A. “Crimson Dawn.” Novel, novellas and short stories. Translation from
Karakalpak by B. Boxer, Nukus. Karakalpakstan, 1980.-351 p.
3.
Bushui A.M. Bushui T.A. Text linguistics and speech activity Samarkand, 2000. -p. 20-29
4.
Bushui A.M. Speech activity from the perspective of text generation Almaty, 2000 p.62-
64
5.
Bushui T.A. Contrastive lexicography in level interpretation of the phraseology of the
source language: Abstract of the dissertation of the doctor of philological sciences.
Tashkent. Uzbek State University of International Languages, 2000. - 42 p.
6.
Leontichev Yu. “Stingy tears of the desert.” Novel, story. Nukus. Karakalpakstan, 1983.-
288p.
7.
Umarov A. “Dictionary of Karakalpak words in Russian text.” Nukus. Karakalpakstan,
1995.
