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METHODS OF TEACHING UZBEK LITERARY RIDDLES
Umedova Ozoda
Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
A student of Uzbek language and literature.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14812434
Abstract.
This article comments on the methodology of teaching Uzbek literary riddles and
its artistic genesis.
Keywords
: Work Of Art, Artistic Perception, Visual Medium, Tradition, Custom,
Independent, Creative, Problematic, Questions And Assignments, Methods And Techniques.
МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ УЗБЕКСКИМ ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫМ ЗАГАДКАМ
Аннотация.
В статье комментируется методика обучения узбекским
литературным загадкам и ее художественный генезис.
Ключевые слова:
Художественное произведение, Художественное восприятие,
Визуальная среда, Традиция, Обычай, Самостоятельный, Творческий, Проблемный,
Вопросы и задания, Методы и приемы.
INTRODUCTION
Riddle is one of the most common genres in world and Uzbek folklore. They can be used
effectively to improve students' connected speech. Riddle is one of the ancient and traditional
genres of folk art and has a special educational value. Riddles, like other genres of folklore, reflect
customs and traditions of our people, spiritual, moral and aesthetic views. As a unique form of
artistic perception of life, riddles reflect a person and the world around him by means of various
metaphors, similes, comparisons, comparisons, and questions. In this respect, it is an extraordinary
phenomenon in the development of human artistic thinking, in which a fragment of life that
appears in the image is realized through the answers to the riddle. Such a general characteristic of
the poetic nature of the genre applies to the riddles of all nations. Puzzle is an international genre.
At the same time each a people's riddle is unique as an expression of that people's way of
life, original, attractive and unique. Two objects, things, and events that are similar in terms of
shape, function, action, and condition, and have similar signs characteristic of the other a question
or a task given in a poetic or prose structure, aimed at finding it, is called a riddle. For example,
let's take the riddle "Take a piece of paper, take it to the world." In this, the full moon and the
halfmoon were compared to each other and it was determined that they are similar in terms of
shape. Thus, the answer to the riddle - a very beautiful and appropriate migration of the moon -
patir was found.
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Taking into account that the moon is an extremely rich source of food for man, and the
moon illuminates the dark night, and both situations are aimed at humanity, there is a great spiritual
affinity between them also becomes clear. The term "find" is made by adding the formative suffix
-"ish" to the command verb "find" and adding the form "- moq" to it with the term genre.
The Main Findings and Results
Riddles in different districts of our republic, according to the local characteristics and
dialects of those places, are various such as puzzle, jummok, jumok, topmacha, topar chopchak,
top-top, toptop chopchak, matal, masala, ushuk. is also expressed by but at present "finding" is the
only.
Scientific as a literary term, the rest remained used in narrow circles and in the speech of
some elderly people. Riddle-telling also had strict traditions and specific procedures. Telling the
riddle mainly on winter nights is his past shows that there were certain prohibitions in its execution.
At least two people, two groups or a riddle for the performance of the puzzle there should
be those who say it and solve it, find the answer. to find as soon as the answer is found, the next
ones will be told. That's why telling riddles is intelligence and intelligence at this time has become
a means of competition, fun, entertainment. Among the people, "He was a tall dwarf, he knocked
him down" (sleep), "Taller than a horse. There are very common riddles such as "Less than a dog"
(saddle), "I spread cotton on a blue shirt" (sky and stars), "Snow does not stand on a pile" (eggs),
and the answer to them is immediately found. But there are also riddles that are difficult to find
the answer to, even people with a lot of life experience think. In such cases, additional information
is provided that facilitates finding the answer, that is, finders of the answer from the speaker, "alive
or inanimate?" they asked. Even then, if it becomes difficult to find an answer, "hard or soft?",
"bitter, sweet?", "how is it?", "where is it?" When the answer is not found, "shahar" is used to
embarrass the person who did not find the answer. Riddle is strictly prohibited the shame of being,
the desire to avoid being insulted, to the riddle-telling game to get to know the participants a lot,
to constantly improve their intellectual abilities encouraged. The derogatory words in "Shahar
Bergan" were written by the participants in it did not hurt them either, on the contrary, there was
an upliftment of spirit and cheerfulness in the circle, which caused them to laugh and be happy.
Riddles are created on the basis of conditional hidden speech, the basis of which is related
to the ancient beliefs and imaginations of people, the level of knowledge and perception of the
world.
The main part of Uzbek folk riddles is metaphorical, that is, one the characteristic of the
object is conditional on another object similar to it make up riddles based on decay. Another type
of Uzbek folk riddles are interrogative (question) riddles. The growth of objects in such riddles
signs are not compared with each other, but specific questions and specific tasks are put before the
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finder. The answer in metaphorical riddles in such riddles, if it consists only of the name of the
hidden object the answer is broadly interpreted. There are also very complex versions of
interrogative (question) riddles. There are other types of Uzbek folk riddles in which numbers are
involved, that is, one or another thing and event is puzzled with the help of these numbers.
Similarities between things and events are taken into account, of course. For example: Bir
daraxtda oʻn ikki shoxa, Har shoxada oʻttiz yaproq, Yaprogʻining bir yoni qora, bir yoni oq The
answer to this riddle is one year, twelve months and thirty days and nights. There are other
examples of riddles in the repertoire of our people, the answers of which are obtained by counting
and calculating. An example: "While a flock of geese was flying, one goose came to them and
said: - Hey, hundred geese, how are you?" Then one of them: - We are not a hundred geese. And
if we amount to a goose, and half of us and half of ours, then if you join us, we will be a hundred
geese, he said. How many geese are in the air?' Answer: 36 (36 + 36+18 + 9 + 1 - 100).
The new Uzbek literature is a new artistic system associated with qualitative changes in
artistic consciousness and aesthetic perception of the world characterizing the new era. It put
forward a new hero, a man of new reality, directly connected with society and living its problems,
raised new thematic layers, turned to the development of new genres. A mirror of the complex and
contradictory life of the twentieth century, literature actively intervened in all spheres of social life
and figuratively expressed its attitude to them. The heroes of literature were representatives of the
people - workers, dekhkans(farmers), intellectuals. There is not a single event, situation, hero in
its artistic space that would not have met in the diverse reality of the past century. Thus, in the new
literature, the heroes of artistic works - children of their time - reflected both the dynamics of social
life of the people and the historical and political path of the nation's development in the twentieth
century. Through the real depiction of reality, the new Uzbek literature tried to educate people in
the spirit of high morality, industriousness, love for the Motherland and the people, respect for its
historical past and, at the same time, to form aesthetic sensitivity in the society.
The question and answer part of puzzles can be single-component (one questionanswer,
one subject) or multi-component (multiple question-answer, multiple subjects). The rhythmic
consistency of the riddles, the artistic tone, the meaning of the rhymes It is distinguished by its
abundance and diversity. Artistic image tools such as metaphor, metonymy, exaggeration, simile,
qualification and many others are in them provides artistry. The variety of alliteration and
repetition, and the various twists and turns make the riddles resonant and emotional. increased
even more. All of these combined together ensured their long-lasting memory. Riddles had a
beneficial effect on the development of literature and art. They are in the history of our literature,
it was of great importance in the emergence and development of lyrical genres such as chistan,
problem, muvashshakh, tarikh.
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Today, riddles have a great educational and educational value. They expand the scope of
thinking of our children and youth, increase their ingenuity and is an important aesthetic tool for
developing the ability to discuss. Expanding the scope of students' thinking by means of riddles,
to strengthen observation and resourcefulness, intelligence, logical thinking reasoning ability can
be developed, and logical thinking will lead to further development of students' speech. Simile,
contrast, compare, Genre features of riddles, such as understanding conditional sentences, are
children quickly attracts attention. Riddles are extremely compact, with internal and external
rhyme, vital children learn them very quickly and have a long memory they will heal. Therefore,
riddles can be effectively used in the development of students' oral and written speech in primary
grades. Especially the children who are puzzled by organizing a riddle game in class persistence
pays off. In this way, it is possible to increase the students' interest in the lesson. It is also possible
to explain words with the help of riddles. For this purpose, the words from the language are
selected and brought to the attention of the readers. Beginning with the following riddles in the
Reading Book if used as didactic material to explain pairs of words:
Koʻzi bor, kiprik qoqmas,
Qanoti bor, uchmas hech.
Oyogʻi yoʻq, yoʻl bosar
Suv ichida erta-kech. (22-bet).
Again: Oʻxshar qovun-tarvuzga,
Sip-silliq kiygan toʻni.
Ichi olov, zar rangda,
Pishirib yeysan uni. (122-bet).
It seems that it is impossible to develop the thinking skills of builders Riddles are important
in teaching activities and are the most convenient is one of the methodological tools. One of the
things that are found depending on how many symbols are displayed, the answer to the riddle will
be found. For this purpose, it is necessary to compare things with each other, to conduct a deep
and comprehensive observation necessary. Riddles, like proverbs, are learned in relation to given
topics. In this case, students should complete the following tasks according to 1. Telling the answer
to the riddle based on what signs were found give 2. Say riddles similar to the given riddle: 1) It
is tall and has seven floors. 2) Tones floor - floor, One grain is one basket. When it comes to the
table, Both dip and salad. 3. The similarities and differences of the riddles given above isolate and
interpret. Why the reader The answer to the first riddle is an onion. by clearly and completely
proving that the latter is cabbage based on evidence attempt to give at the same time the
improvement of speech skills, o power expansion of the scope of creative thinking, formation of
speaking skills will bring.
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Conclusion.
Riddle is an ancient genre, not only for young children, but also for adults in
forming the generation's thinking, logical thinking, and speech, but also in writing It is also of
great importance for the development of literature.
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