EXPRESSION OF EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING ISSUES IN WESTERN PEDAGOGY

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EXPRESSION OF EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING ISSUES IN WESTERN

PEDAGOGY

Bozorova Muattar Ne’matovna

Asian International University 1st year master’s student.

b.muattar1995@gmail.com

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14839088

Abstract.

This article reveals the ideas of Western scholars in their creative work, their

views on education, the methods of upbringing instilling them in the minds of the younger

generation, their correct use in life, and important aspects of the teacher's skills in the process of

pedagogical education.

Keywords:

pedagogue, consciousness, idea, upbringing, education, morality, perfect

person, humanity, spiritual qualities, national values, national thinking.

ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ ПРОБЛЕМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И ВОСПИТАНИЯ В ЗАПАДНОЙ

ПЕДАГОГИКЕ

Аннотация.

В статье раскрываются идеи западных ученых в их творчестве, их

взгляды на образование, методы воспитания, внедряемые ими в сознание подрастающего

поколения, их правильное использование в жизни, а также важные аспекты мастерства

учителя в процессе педагогического образования.

Ключевые

слова:

педагог,

сознание,

идея,

воспитание,

образование,

нравственность, совершенный человек, гуманность, духовные качества, национальные

ценности, национальное мышление.

In recent years, our President has paid special attention to the education of our children and

youth: "Currently, the education of youth remains an issue that will never lose its relevance and

importance for us. Today's rapidly changing world is opening up new opportunities for humanity

and young people. At the same time, it also exposes them to various evil dangers that have never

been seen before. Malicious forces are turning naive, cave children against their parents and their

country, endangering their lives and livelihoods. In such tense and dangerous circumstances, we,

parents, teachers, the public, and the community, must further increase our vigilance and awareness

on this issue. “We should raise our children ourselves, not leave them in the hands of others,”

1

- he

emphasizes. It also emphasizes that, given the globalization situation, reforms in the field of

education cannot be delayed. The needs of socio-economic development, which have led to a

change in the priorities and target areas of education, are confronting higher pedagogical schools

1

Мирзиёев Ш.M. Қонун устуворлиги ва инсон манфаатларини таъминлаш – юрт тараққиёти ва халқ

фаровонлигининг гарови. – Т.: Ўзбекистон, 2017. – Б. 22-23.

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with the need to educate a new generation of teachers who not only have practical skills, but also

require tools for transformation, as well as mental activity that allows them to see the development

strategies of each child. The demand for a teacher who seeks and is able to see general, natural

cause-and-effect relationships behind individual, specific pedagogical situations predetermines the

effectiveness of one or another method of achieving educational goals, and provides the direction

of the future teacher training plan. These processes are aimed at developing the teacher's theoretical

and pedagogical thinking.

2

According to the tradition formed in the philosophy of ancient antiquity, the main

characteristic that distinguishes a person from other creatures is his thinking (Democritus, Plato,

Aristotle). Man is, first of all, the mind. Based on this idea of Aristotle, it can be said that thinking

is the main characteristic of a person.

Based on this, ancient thinkers highly valued the role of thought in human life. "The

happiness of people does not lie in slaves or money, but in prudence and right thinking,”

3

Democritus emphasized. According to the concept he created, thinking is of great importance in

human life and activity as a factor that limits human desires and regulates human behavior. S.L.

Rubinstein sees the importance of thinking in behavior in the saturation of the latter with

variability, as a result of which conditions arise for controlling actions by highlighting its important

aspects, connections and relationships in accordance with the changing components of the external

situation.

4

The implementation of the above requires the subject to be included in a certain part of

reality and establish relationships within the framework of a certain activity. For a teacher, this

aspect is professional pedagogical activity in the field of education, the specific features of which

determine the characteristics of the subject (teacher) in reflecting the surrounding reality. In this

sense, pedagogical thinking is a professional characteristic that “shapes” the teacher, on the one

hand, allows him to be a professional, and on the other hand, distinguishes him from

representatives of other professions. In addition, under the influence of pedagogical thinking, a

strategy of behavior is developed in accordance with the characteristics of the situation, the

principles and norms of individual consciousness, which corresponds to the real needs of practice,

and plays a regulatory role in the teacher's activities. From the point of view of the relationship

between behavior and thinking, the concept put forward by A.N. Leontiev is noteworthy.

According to him, there is an analogy between the relationship between a person and the

world and his inner life under the influence of the structure of external activity (which constitutes

2

G.Xolmirzayeva. G‘arb mutafakkirlari qarashlari pedagogik tafakkurni shakllantirishning nazariy asoslaridan biri

sifatida. Konferensiya materiallari to’plami. 2024. 201-204-b

3

Андреева Н.Н. Философия и история образования. - Москва, 1999.

4

Рубинштейн С.Л. Основы общей психологии. - СПб., 2002.

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behavior) and internal activity (which constitutes thinking). Internal thinking activity is not only

created through external practice, but also has the same structural structure as it.

5

Along with medieval encyclopedists, the Czech scientist Jan Amos Comenius, the Swiss

educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, the German educator Adolf Disterwerg, and the Russian

educator K.D. Ushinsky made a great contribution to the creation of the methodology of

pedagogical science. Nowadays, the concept of a well-rounded person has become associated with

the concepts of building a civil society and being a selfless child for the Motherland. We now need

to form and educate not only individual mature individuals, but also a well-rounded generation.

Only then will we have a society of well-rounded generations, individuals with intellectual

potential.

In ancient Greece, Socrates, Pythagoras, Aristotle, and Plato created the philosophical basis

of their ideas on human development and upbringing. Aristotle, in his "Advice to Alexander" (he

was the teacher of Alexander the Great, and Alexander, in turn, preferred Aristotle to his father),

emphasized that the highest virtue of a person is piety, faith, and knowledge, that is, he said: "Piety

is perfected through faith. Faith is formed under the shadow of thought and thought."

6

In short, it studies and analyzes the pedagogy created by the peoples of the East and the

West, based on folk oral creativity, and the progressive ideas of thinkers, enlighteners, educators,

and scientists on education, and identifies the laws, rules, and necessary qualities for the formation

of a well-rounded personality.

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