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THE INCIDENCE OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY
AND MODERN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
Tohirova Vasila Yashinovna
Amanova Madina Furkatovna
Scientific advisor.
¹Samarkand State Medical University, 1st year clinical resident, Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology No. 3
²Assistant at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 1, Samarkand State Medical
University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14852252
Relevance of the problem:
It should also be remembered that a balanced diet alone cannot
cure anemia. The fact is that the total amount of iron that enters the div with food (even if it is
red meat or beef liver) is ultimately absorbed to a maximum of 2.5 mg per day. At the same time,
iron-containing preparations can provide 15-20 times more trace elements. Iron preparations are
usually taken for a long time, since the hemoglobin concentration often increases by the end of the
3rd week of treatment, and other blood parameters decrease after about 5-8 weeks. At the same
time, the div's iron supply may still not be restored, so WHO recommends continuing to take the
drug even after the main indicators have normalized, first reducing its amount by half (for 3
months), and then leaving it at a very small dose (for 6 months). Experts recommend continuing
to take oral iron supplements for another 3 months after the anemia is corrected. In addition, your
doctor may prescribe copper, manganese, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and folic acid supplements to
help improve iron absorption.
Research methods and materials:
The fetus receives iron from the mother through active
transport through the placenta, mainly in the third trimester of pregnancy. Iron deficiency anemia
during this period can lead to premature birth, bleeding during or after childbirth, and also
complicates the subsequent recovery process: inflammation often develops in women with anemia
who have recently given birth. If the hemoglobin concentration in a woman's blood at the 28th
week of pregnancy is less than 100 g / l, the risk of stillbirth or death of the child during childbirth
increases threefold.
In addition, newborns whose mothers suffer from iron deficiency anemia have significantly
reduced levels of ferritin, transferrin, and the iron saturation coefficient of transferrin. This can
lead to complications: such children are often born prematurely, have low birth weight, may lose
weight after birth, suffer from physiological jaundice for a long time, and are at increased risk of
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infections. And with severe anemia during pregnancy, the newborn may also develop anemia or
latent iron deficiency, and he may lag behind his peers in psychomotor development in the first
years of life. Folic acid deficiency anemia in the third trimester of pregnancy is no less dangerous.
Studies have shown that the birth weight of the baby is directly related to the concentration of folic
acid in the mother's div. Shortly before birth, the fetus actively consumes folic acid from the
mother's reserves: thanks to this substance, the future baby gains weight; In addition, his div
forms its own vitamin reserves. If a pregnant woman has a folic acid deficiency, there is a high
risk of giving birth to a low birth weight (normal height) baby.
Research findings:
Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, and the World
Health Organization estimates that 37% of pregnancies are anemic ( 1 ). Globally, the prevalence
of anemia during pregnancy is highest in low- and middle-income countries. A study of nearly 4
million births in the United States found that prenatal anemia was more common in women who
were black (22%) or Pacific Islander (18%) and less common in women who were Asian (11%)
or white (10%) ( 2 ).
Anemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes (e.g., preterm birth,
placental abruption, intensive care unit admission) and adverse neonatal outcomes (e.g., stillbirth,
growth restriction, neurodevelopmental defects) ( 3 , 4 , 5 ).
During pregnancy, bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia develops, and the red blood cell
(RBC) count increases by 15–25% in a singleton pregnancy ( 6 ). At the same time, a
disproportionate increase in plasma volume (by 40–50%) leads to hemodilation (gestational
hydremia) and, consequently, an increased need for iron. Physiological anemia occurs in healthy
nonpregnant women, with a decrease in the mean hematocrit (Hct) from 38–45% in late singleton
pregnancy to approximately 34% in late multiple pregnancy and to 30% in late multiple pregnancy.
Despite hemodilution, oxygen-carrying capacity remains normal throughout pregnancy.
Hematocrit usually increases immediately after birth due to the return of maternal blood to
the maternal circulation in the placental vessels.
Discussion
: Pregnant women with normal hemoglobin or ferritin levels usually do not
require additional iron supplements to prevent anemia. However, WHO recommends that pregnant
women take 60 mg of iron supplements and 400 mcg of folic acid in the second and third
trimesters. In addition, a pregnant woman should adjust her diet: food should be rich in easily
digestible iron (meat and offal, fish, eggs). Timely prevention is especially important for women
at risk of developing anemia.
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Abstract
: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem, and the World Health
Organization estimates that 37% of pregnancies are anemic ( 1 ). Globally, the prevalence of
anemia during pregnancy is highest in low- and middle-income countries. A study of nearly 4
million births in the United States found that prenatal anemia was more common in black (22%)
or Pacific Islander (18%) women and less common in Asian (11%) or white (10%) women ( 2 ).
Anemia in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes (e.g., preterm birth, placental
abruption, admission to the intensive care unit) and adverse neonatal outcomes (e.g., stillbirth,
growth restriction, neurodevelopmental defects) ( 3 , 4 , 5 ). During pregnancy, bone marrow
erythroid hyperplasia develops, and the red blood cell (RBC) count increases by 15–25% in a
singleton pregnancy ( 6 ). At the same time, a disproportionate increase in plasma volume (by 40–
50%) leads to hemodilation (gestational hydremia) and, consequently, an increased need for iron.
Physiological anemia occurs in healthy nonpregnant women, with a decrease in the mean
hematocrit (Hct) from 38–45% in late singleton pregnancy to approximately 34% in late multiple
pregnancy and to 30% in late multiple pregnancy. Despite hemodilution, oxygen-carrying capacity
remains normal throughout pregnancy. Hematocrit usually increases immediately after birth due
to the return of maternal blood to the maternal circulation in the placental vessels.
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