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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EDUCATION SYSTEMS IN THE EAST AND WEST
Mustafayeva Khulkar Utkir kizi
1st year master's student at Asian International
Universityhulkarmustafayeva96@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14911417
Abstract.
This article provides a comparative analysis of educational systems in the East
and the West, examining their principles, goals, and methodological foundations.
Eastern
education is characterized by its emphasis on moral integrity, collectivism, and traditional
values. It includes educational and methodological approaches based on the family environment,
teacher-student traditions, and national and spiritual heritage. In this, human development is not
limited to acquiring knowledge, but also strives for perfection through achieving spiritual and
moral maturity.
Keywords:
East and West, education, comparative analysis, education system,
pedagogical approach, national values, universal values, moral education, individuality,
collectivism, critical thinking, teacher-student tradition, democratic education, innovative
pedagogy, cultural heritage, principles of education, spirituality, personal development, creative
thinking, integration, pedagogical methodology.
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ СИСТЕМ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ НА ВОСТОКЕ И
ЗАПАДЕ
Аннотация.
В статье представлен сравнительный анализ систем образования на
Востоке и Западе, рассматриваются их принципы, цели и методологические основы.
Восточное образование характеризуется акцентом на моральной целостности,
коллективизме и традиционных ценностях. Оно включает образовательные и
методические подходы, основанные на семейной среде, традициях учитель-ученик,
национальном и духовном наследии. При этом человеческое развитие не ограничивается
приобретением знаний, но также стремится к совершенству через достижение
духовной и нравственной зрелости.
Ключевые слова:
Восток и Запад, образование, сравнительный анализ, система
образования, педагогический подход, национальные ценности, общечеловеческие
ценности, моральное воспитание, индивидуальность, коллективизм, критическое
мышление, традиция учитель-ученик, демократическое образование, инновационная
педагогика, культурное наследие, принципы образования, духовность, личностное
развитие, творческое мышление, интеграция, педагогическая методология.
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In the West, the educational system emphasizes, above all, the principles of individuality,
critical thinking, and scientific thinking. This model, developed on the basis of democratic
values, aims to develop independent decision-making, creativity, and social adaptation skills in
children and adolescents. The Western education system, enriched by a pragmatic approach, is
often based on the principles of human rights, individual freedom, and equality.
The article analyzes the similarities and differences between these two systems from a
philosophical, pedagogical, and sociological perspective. Through a comparative approach, the
importance of Eastern and Western educational styles in the modern educational process is
highlighted, and the possibilities of their mutual integration are also considered. The results of
this study will serve to develop scientific and practical recommendations for further improving
the educational process and harmonizing national and universal values.
Education plays a key role in the social, cultural, and spiritual development of every
society. Different civilizations have developed their own educational systems based on their
historical, religious, and philosophical traditions. While upbringing in the East is based primarily
on traditional values, social conformity, and respect, in the West, the upbringing system
promotes personal freedom, independent thinking, and an innovative approach. This article
analyzes the differences and similarities between Eastern and Western educational systems, and
their impact on modern society.
1. Eastern education system: Eastern countries, including China, India, Central Asia, and
the Islamic world, have an education system that is largely based on traditional, community, and
family values. The main aspects of this system are as follows:
- Respect and obedience - Eastern upbringing emphasizes respect for elders, loyalty to
family, and adherence to societal norms. Children are expected to listen to their parents and
teachers, an approach that is particularly evident in Confucian, Islamic, and Hindu philosophies.
- Community and solidarity - Eastern education sees the individual as part of society.
Family relationships, neighborhood, and the solidarity of society as a whole are
important. The collective interest, not individualism, is the priority.
- Traditional knowledge and moral values - Eastern upbringing emphasizes more moral
maturity. For example, in Islamic teachings, honesty, patience, respect for elders, and patriotism
are among the core values.
- Master-disciple tradition - The educational process in Eastern countries is largely based
on a master-disciple relationship, and this system requires absolute respect for the teacher.
2. Western educational system: The educational system of Western countries is based
mainly on independence, critical thinking, and human rights. This system is characterized by the
following features:
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- Independent thinking and personal development. In the West, children are taught from a
young age to think independently and make their own decisions. While the opinion of a parent or
teacher is important, children's own views are also respected.
- Democracy and legal education. In Western societies, children's rights are highly
protected. In the process of upbringing, their freedom, the right to express their opinions, and the
opportunity to protect their interests are ensured.
- Innovative and critical thinking. The process of education and upbringing promotes the
pursuit of innovation, the use of scientific achievements, and a critical approach to traditional
values. For example, in the United States and European countries, the school system encourages
students to engage in scientific research, experiment, and find creative solutions to problems.
- Friendly relationship with parents. In the West, the relationship between parents and
children is based on equality, and children have the opportunity to freely express their opinions.
In Eastern families, it is customary for children to obey their parents and unconditionally
carry out their decisions.
Comparative analysis of Eastern and Western educational systems. Which educational
system is preferable?
Eastern and Western educational systems each have their own advantages and
disadvantages. While Eastern upbringing provides stability by being based on societal and family
values, Western upbringing shapes independent and creative individuals. In the modern world,
the most appropriate approach is to combine the best aspects of both systems. For example,
while raising children with respect and moral values, they should be given the opportunity to
think independently and express their opinions freely.
Eastern and Western educational systems are shaped by historical, cultural, and social
factors, and each has its own unique strengths. While the Western educational system
emphasizes freedom and critical thinking, Eastern education focuses on moral and social values.
The most optimal way is to combine the best aspects of these two systems and create a
new educational model that meets the requirements of modern society.
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