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UDK: 81
EDUCATIONAL VIEWS EXPRESSED IN TAHIR MALIK'S WORK “HUMAN
PROPERTY”
Tilavova Munisxon Alijon qizi
Buxoro davlat pedagogika instituti
Tillar fakulteti o’zbek tili va adabiyoti kafedrasi o’qituvchisi,
Bux DU o’zbek tilshunosligi va jurnalistika kafedrasi mustaqil izlanuvchisi.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15075089
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada Tohir Malikning “Odamiylik mulki” asari tarkibida “Yo
saodat ... yo falokat” bobida tarbiya , uning o‘rni farzandlar kamoli haqida, istiqbollari haqida
bir qancha misollar orqali isbotlangan.
Jadid adabiyotining yetuk namoyondasi Abdurauf
Fitratning “Bola tarbiyasi “ haqidagi qarashlari atroflicha tushuntirilgan holdа yozuvchi turli
tushunchаlаr, belgilаr, holаtlаr, obrаzlаrni qаrshilаntirish orqаli ulаrni yanаdа tа’kidlаsh
imkonigа egа bo‘lаdi.
Kalit so‘z va iboralar:
badiiy asar, odob bobida, didaktik qarashlar, frazeologik birliklar,
frаzeostilistik vositаlаr, individual xarakter.
Аннотация.
В данной статье, в главе «Либо счастье..., либо катастрофа»
произведения Тахира Малика «Достояние человека», на нескольких примерах доказывается
образование, его роль в развитии детей и его перспективы. Подробно излагаются взгляды
Абдурауфа Фитрата, зрелого представителя джадидской литературы, на «Воспитание
детей», и у писателя будет возможность осветить их путем сопоставления различных
понятий, знаков, ситуаций и образов.
Ключевые слова и фразы:
художественное произведение, манеры, дидактические
взгляды, фразеологизмы, фразеостилистические средства, индивидуальный характер.
Abstract
. In this article, Tahir Malik's work “Human Property” in the chapter “Either
happiness ... or disaster" shows the importance of education, its role in the development of
children, and its prospects through several examples. The views of Abdurauf Fitrat, a mature
representative of Jadid literature, on “Child Education” are explained in detail, and the writer
will have the opportunity to highlight them by contrasting different concepts, signs, situations, and
images.
Key words and phrases:
artistic work, manners, didactic views, phraseological units,
phraseostylistic tools, individual character.
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The field of fiction is vast and boundless. There are many of our creators who have shown
themselves in this field, created their own path, and left and are leaving a great creative legacy.
One of our strong creators is Tahir Malik.
Just as every creator has his own style, Tahir Malik also has his own style.
The writer first won a place in the hearts of readers with his fantastic and later detective
works. Tohir Malik's uncle and first teacher, Mirzakalon Ismaili, remained faithful to his advice
for a lifetime: "Do not follow the path of others, find your own path." Among the religious and
moral books created by the writer in recent years, "The Property of Humanity", also known as the
"Book of Morality", is one of the most instructive works dedicated to issues of spirituality and
education. The writer divides the work into three parts and names them as follows: "Love", "Baht"
and “Saodat”.
Tahir Malik does not describe the remaining works of art based on specific events, but
rather through advice that encourages people to have good character in order to achieve perfection.
The writer himself says: Up to this point, we have tested ourselves by practicing whether
we are good or bad in artistic creation. Then, in the hope that it will be beneficial to our brothers
in the field of etiquette, we have compiled a booklet called "Guest Feelings". Then, we completed
it and brought it to your attention in the book "The Hope of Faith". Then, with the aim of being
useful in raising children, we wrote a treatise and named it “The Long Path of Crime”. Our efforts
in this direction will now lead to this treatise on ethics, God willing.
If we read the works of past teachers, they are based on issues such as religion, ethics,
etiquette, and upbringing. Along with writing works of art, they also wrote treatises on ethics.
According to the writer’s research and opinion: God has determined a person’s destiny
even before he is born. However, he has also given two paths in front of him: one is guidance, the
other is misguidance. In order to choose one of these paths, he has also been given intelligence,
mind, and foresight.
The author means that any sane, religious, and faithful person will certainly attain guidance.
That is, he will not go astray. In the work, the example of the saying, "Whoever follows
the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has attained guidance" is another reflection of the
fact that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) is an example of a truly perfect person. The
one who follows the Messenger of Allah will certainly attain guidance. Whoever does not
understand, or does not want to understand, has chosen the path of misguidance. This is certainly
considered a free will given to a person. At the heart of it all, of course, is education.
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"Education is a practical process aimed at forming certain physical, mental, moral, and
spiritual qualities in a person. Education is the most ancient and eternal value that ensures a
person's humanity."
Controlling a child and controlling him ensures the brightness of the parents' faces. A child
without education will drift towards recklessness and mischief. Therefore, as Abdullah Avloni
emphasized, "Education is a matter of life or death, salvation or destruction, happiness or disaster
for us." should be a motto for us.
It would not be wrong to say that the attention paid to child rearing has weakened
considerably these days. Parents come home late from work, have meetings with relatives, and our
women spend their free time not taking care of their children, but are busy with chatting, shopping,
and other activities. And the child, on their own, will grow up to be a person in the future. If they
do not receive education and love from their family, will they not become robots in the future? Or
if we do not treat the child well and do not speak well, if they break a cup or a pot, we scold and
beat the child with abusive words. After all, they are children, and with these actions we influence
the child spiritually. Is it possible to beat a small or weak person who does not agree with the
conversation? If we explain it with good words and politely, the child will understand.
Abdurauf Fitrat has some statements that may seem a little harsh, even rude to us: “…let’s
see, are we Muslims, especially Turkestans, educating our children or not? The word at the end of
the question can be the answer to this, that is, “no!” I will prove it this way: we Turkestanis take
better care of our cattle than our children. I am not saying that we love our donkeys and sheep
more than our children. No, no, our children are dearer than our lives. They are the most beloved
and respected in our eyes. But, contrary to our happiness, we must admit that, despite all this love
and affection, we train our donkeys and sheep less than we do! Do not be surprised by my words,
be patient, I will prove my claim. To train such and such a thing is to gradually bring it to
perfection. In our eyes, the perfection of a sheep lies in its fatness and health.
The perfection of a donkey lies in its strength, the strength of its legs, and its good gait.
Suppose you buy a lamb or a foal and bring it home. You look at them carefully, and after
a while you fatten the sheep, and the donkey becomes strong and agile, that is, you educate and
bring them to maturity. But you do not educate your dear children with such attention. You make
the excuse that your children have also reached maturity. You may object that as much as we try
to feed our cattle, we put a hundred times more effort into raising our children. Although this claim
of yours is known, it is not true.
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The proof is that if someone who has cattle in his house checks it, he will see that not one
of his cattle has been sick during the year, but his children have been sick at least three times. So,
it turns out that the person pays more attention to ensuring that his livestock does not get sick.
Even if you are right, there is no harm in my claim, because paying attention to the health
of a child does not mean engaging in child rearing. In fact, if a person's maturity, like a sheep or a
donkey, were limited to health and the strength of his arms, we would also call the action taken
for the health of a child child rearing. We would accept a child with a healthy div and breasts as
having reached maturity. The maturity of a person does not consist only of health and strength, but
also of physical, mental and moral growth. A person's div, mind and morals should be free from
various diseases and defects. A person should grow up thinking about his own interests and being
able to make his loved ones happy. After all, what is the need for these logical arguments?
This sharp remark by Abdurauf Fitrat makes one's heart flutter. These thoughts were
expressed ninety years ago, but in some respects they seem to be expressed today, don't they? So,
we have not yet made enough progress in education. Today, when we think of raising a child, we
understand only dressing him well, spending a lot of money on his education.
An approach similar to that in this treatise can be seen in the work of Tahir Malik, one of
the first representatives of modern Uzbek literature. This book by the writer Tahir Malik is not
only a religious source, but also a work of art.
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