SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THE HEPATITIS VIRUS B

Abstract

Hepatitis B remains a worldwide problem despite the availability of effective vaccines. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a natural or postvaccine humoral immune response directed primarily against the “a” determinant of HBsAg. This determinant is part of the large hydrophilic region of HBsAg, located between the 124th and 147th amino acid residues (a. o.) forming 3 loops that are held together by disulfide bridges formed by C124 and C137 a. o. and C139 and C147 a. o. [1]. This determinant has a highly conformational nature and is universal, providing protection against all variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV), so commercial hepatitis B vaccines include recombinant “a”-determinant HBsAg as an immunogen [1].

Source type: Journals
Years of coverage from 2022
inLibrary
Google Scholar

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
To share
Crossref
Сrossref
Scopus
Scopus

Abstract

Hepatitis B remains a worldwide problem despite the availability of effective vaccines. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a natural or postvaccine humoral immune response directed primarily against the “a” determinant of HBsAg. This determinant is part of the large hydrophilic region of HBsAg, located between the 124th and 147th amino acid residues (a. o.) forming 3 loops that are held together by disulfide bridges formed by C124 and C137 a. o. and C139 and C147 a. o. [1]. This determinant has a highly conformational nature and is universal, providing protection against all variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV), so commercial hepatitis B vaccines include recombinant “a”-determinant HBsAg as an immunogen [1].


background image

296

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF THE

HEPATITIS VIRUS B

Tursunov Dilshodjon O'tkir o'g'li

Faculty of Medicine, International University of Asia, Uzbekistan.

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15185509

Abstract.

Hepatitis B remains a worldwide problem despite the availability of effective

vaccines. The hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) induces a natural or postvaccine

humoral immune response directed primarily against the “a” determinant of HBsAg. This

determinant is part of the large hydrophilic region of HBsAg, located between the 124th and

147th amino acid residues (a. o.) forming 3 loops that are held together by disulfide bridges

formed by C124 and C137 a. o. and C139 and C147 a. o. [1]. This determinant has a highly

conformational nature and is universal, providing protection against all variants of hepatitis B

virus (HBV), so commercial hepatitis B vaccines include recombinant “a”-determinant HBsAg

as an immunogen [1].

Keywords:

Hepatitis B, HBsAg, monoclonal conjugates, recombinant, immunization.

СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И АНТИГЕННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ВИРУСА

ГЕПАТИТА В

Аннотация.

Гепатит В остается всемирной проблемой, несмотря на наличие

эффективных вакцин. Поверхностный антиген вируса гепатита В (HBsAg) вызывает

естественный или поствакцинальный гуморальный иммунный ответ, направленный в

первую очередь против детерминанты «a» HBsAg. Эта детерминанта является частью

большой гидрофильной области HBsAg, расположенной между 124-м и 147-м

аминокислотными остатками (а. о.), образующими 3 петли, которые удерживаются

вместе дисульфидными мостиками, образованными C124 и C137 а. и C139 и C147 а. [1].

Эта детерминанта имеет высококонформационную природу и является универсальной,

обеспечивая защиту от всех вариантов вируса гепатита В (HBV), поэтому коммерческие

вакцины против гепатита В включают в себя рекомбинантный «a»-детерминант HBsAg

в качестве иммуногена [1].

Ключевые

слова:

Гепатит

В,

HBsAg,

моноклональные

конъюгаты,

рекомбинантный, иммунизация.

Mass vaccination against hepatitis B promotes the selection and spread of mutant forms

of HBV that escape vaccine control (escape mutants). Amino acid substitutions within the “a”-

determinant lead to conformational changes and affect antigenicity and immunogenicity to

varying degrees. For example, the G145R substitution leads to such drastic changes that HBsAg-


background image

297

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

specific protective antibodies almost completely lose their ability to interact with the mutant

HBsAg variant [2-5]. However, such structural changes do not completely disrupt the

immunogenicity of HBsAg [6]. Infection of chimpanzees with a mutant virus isolate carrying the

G145R mutation results in the induction of an anti-HBs response [7]. The antigenic properties of

the native G145R mutant HBsAg, first detected in 1990, were analyzed [8]. [8], were analyzed

using 4 monoclonal antibodies binding to synthetic cyclic peptides consisting of 124-137 and

139-147 a. o. “a”-determinants.

A study of the interaction of anti-HBs from sera of over-vaccinated or vaccinated

individuals with the mutant G145R antigen showed that binding of anti-HBs to wild-type HBsAg

was completely inhibited by recombinant ay and ad. In contrast, no inhibition was observed with

mutant G145R HBsAg in the serum of vaccinated individuals, and minor inhibition was

observed in the serum of re-infected patients [5]. Other mutations in the 145th a. o. region did

not have such a pronounced effect. It has been shown that vaccination of humans with

preparations containing wild-type HBsAg induced antidiv formation to both wild-type HBsAg

and the S143L mutant with equal efficacy, but practically did not induce antidiv formation to

HBsAg carrying the G145R mutation [9, 10]. A study of the humoral response in BALB/c mice

after immunization with virus antigens belonging to the ay and ad subtypes of wild-type or

mutant G145R ay-type showed that HBsAg variants differ significantly in immunogenicity and

specificity of determinants [5]. In mice immunized with wild-type antigens, the anti-HBs

response was more than 100-fold higher than the immune response developed in the case of the

mutant antigen after the second immunization. When immunized with the ay subtype, anti-Au

antibodies were 4-fold higher than anti-G145R antibodies. In contrast, immunization with the

mutant antigen produced almost 5-fold more antibodies recognizing this mutant antigen than

antibodies recognizing wild-type. The results of the study of various recombinant and natural

variants of HBsAg by serological portrayal showed that recombinant wild-type ay and ad

antigens are recognized by the entire panel of conjugates This is consistent with the notion of the

universality of the “a”-determinant of HBsAg in wild-type HBV. Serologic portrayal of G145R

escapmutated antigens yielded heterogeneous results. Recombinant samples AHBV203 and

HBs-878 had no recognition defects by monoclonal conjugates, implying similarity in

conformation of these recombinant HBsAg wild-type HBsAg molecules. However, all

investigated recombinant antigens of the ESC series (HBsAg ayw2 subtype), also containing the

G145R mutation, had multiple deep “failures” in reactivity with most conjugates, and their

reactivity was almost identical to that of native HBsAg with the same mutation (ayw2 and adw3

subtypes) Nevertheless, the depth of recognition defects was not the same for different variants

of ESC antigens obtained under different experimental conditions.


background image

298

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

For example, the recognition impairments of the ESC-1 and ESC-2 antigens by the HB4

conjugate were almost 100-fold and by the X7 conjugate were 20-fold less than those of all three

natural isolates with the G145R mutation. In these antigens, the violations on conjugates 11F3

and 10D10 are also smaller than in the native mutant antigens and other recombinant variants

from the ESC series. This allows us to conclude that there is some disruption of the correct

folding of the ESC01 and ESC-02 antigens, which does not allow them to fully match the natural

conformation of the G145R mutant epitope. Therefore, these antigen variants cannot be used in

the development of specific vaccine components. In contrast, the serologic portrait of the ESC-

03 antigen is closest to the natural G145R HBsAg from sera 1537 and 2043, which have the

same subtype (ayw2), and this variant of specific antigen production seems to be preferred. The

results obtained indicate that the conditions of its expression and purification play no less

important role than nucleotide substitution in the targeting codon in obtaining recombinant

HBsAg with the G145R mutation, as the correct folding of the mutant antigen depends on them.

REFERENCES

1.

Saodat, A., Vohid, A., Ravshan, N., & Shamshod, A. (2020). MRI study in patients with

idiopathic cokearthrosis of the hip joint.

International Journal of Psychosocial

Rehabilitation

,

24

(2), 410-415.

2.

Axmedov, S. J. (2023). EFFECTS OF THE DRUG MILDRONATE.

Innovative

Development in Educational Activities

,

2

(20), 40-59.

3.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). ASCORBIC ACID: ITS ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM,

CHRONIC

INFLAMMATION

DISEASES

AND

ON

THE

ANTIOXIDANT

EFFECTS.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

3

(11),

57-60.

4.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). THE ROLE OF THIOTRIAZOLINE IN THE

ORGANISM.

Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

9

(5), 152-155.

5.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2023).

HEPTRAL

IS

USED

IN

LIVER

DISEASES.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

35

(3),

76-78.

6.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). EFFECT OF TIVORTIN ON CARDIOMYOCYTE CELLS

AND ITS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.

Gospodarka i Innowacje.

,

42

, 255-

257.

7.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

NEUROPROTECTIVE

EFFECT

OF

CITICOLINE.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

4

(1),

1-4.


background image

299

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

8.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF TRIMETAZIDINE IN ISCHEMIC

CARDIOMYOPATHY.

Journal of new century innovations

,

44

(2), 3-8.

9.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

ВСЕ

ЭФФЕКТЫ

ПРЕПАРАТА

ИМУДОН.

TADQIQOTLAR

,

31

(2), 39-43.

10.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF THE

HEPARIN DRUG.

TADQIQOTLAR

,

31

(2), 34-38.

11.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS IN PEDIATRIC

PRACTICE.

TADQIQOTLAR

,

31

(2), 29-33.

12.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

РОЛЬ

ИНТЕЛЛАНОВОГО

СИРОПА

И

ЦИАНОКОБАЛАМИНА В УЛУЧШЕНИИ ПАМЯТИ.

TADQIQOTLAR

,

31

(2), 44-48.

13.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). TREATMENT OF POLYNEUROPATHY WITH

BERLITHION.

Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi

,

4

(1), 201-209.

14.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF ASCORIL IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

Ta'limning

zamonaviy transformatsiyasi

,

4

(1), 191-200.

15.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

THE

IMPORTANCE

OF

THE

DRUG

ARTOXAN.

Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi

,

4

(1), 182-190.

16.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF RENGALIN IN CHRONIC

BRONCHITIS.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(4), 116-123.

17.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF ALMAGEL DRUG IN GASTRIC AND

DUODENAL WOUND DISEASE.

Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi

,

4

(1), 173-

181.

18.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF CODELAK BRONCHO SYRUP IN

CHILDREN'S PRACTICE.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(4), 109-115.

19.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE AEVIT DRUG EFFECT.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(4), 124-132.

20.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF ALCHEBA DRUG IN POST-

STROKE APHASIA.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(4), 132-138.

21.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF HYALURON CHONDRO DRUG IN

OSTEOARTHROSIS.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(4), 139-145.

22.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

EFFECT

OF

SIMETHICONE

DROP

IN

FLATULENCE.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

14

(1), 95-101.


background image

300

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

23.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). BENEFITS OF BETADINE SOLUTION.

Лучшие

интеллектуальные исследования

,

14

(1), 116-122.

24.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). EFFECT INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN CHRONIC

OBSTRUCTIVE

PULMONARY

DISEASE

AND

BRONCHIAL

ASTHMA.

TADQIQOTLAR

,

31

(1), 171-180.

25.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF VIGANTOL IN RICKETS.

Лучшие

интеллектуальные исследования

,

14

(1), 102-108.

26.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE VITAPROST DRUG RESULTS.

Лучшие

интеллектуальные исследования

,

14

(1), 109-115.

27.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF BISEPTOL DRUG IN URINARY TRACT

DISEASE.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

14

(1), 89-94.

28.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

PROPERTIES

OF

THE

DRUG

DORMIKIND.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(5), 88-92.

29.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). IMMUNOMODULATORY

FUNCTION OF DIBAZOL DRUG.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ

ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(5), 83-87.

30.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). ADVANTAGES OF THE DRUG

HEPTRAL.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(5),

98-101.

31.

Эргашов, Б. К., & Ахмедов, Ш. Ж. (2024). ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ

ЭТИОЛОГИЯ.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 59-69.

32.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). HYPERTENSION, CLASSIFICATION

AND PATHOGENESIS.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 50-58.

33.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). YURAK ISHEMIYASI.

STENOKARDIYADA SHOSHILINCH TIBBIY YORDAM.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 12-20.

34.

Komilovich,

E.

B.,

&

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

HYPERTENSION

ETIOLOGY.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(6),

32-41.

35.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). CARDIAC ISCHEMIA. ANGINA

NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND CARE.

Journal of new century innovations

,

46

(1), 44-52.


background image

301

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

36.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). IMPORTANT INDICATIONS OF THE DRUG

WOBENZYM.

Journal of new century innovations

,

46

(1), 29-32.

37.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE RESULTS OF THE EFFECT OF THE DRUG

VALIDOL.

Journal of new century innovations

,

46

(1), 19-23.

38.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). VIFERON USE IN CHILDREN.

Journal of new century

innovations

,

46

(1), 24-28.

39.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024).

USE

OF

DUSPATALIN

(MEBEVERINE

HYDROCHLORIDE) IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА

И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(5), 93-97.

40.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). ЭФФЕКТЫ СИРОПА ДЕПАКИНА (ВАЛЬПРОЕВАЯ

КИСЛОТА).

Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

14

(2), 148-152.

41.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DRUG

ALLOCHOL

FOR

CHRONIC

CHOLECYSTITIS.

Ta'lim

innovatsiyasi

va

integratsiyasi

,

14

(2), 133-137.

42.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). ВАЖНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА

ПРЕПАРАТА

ДЕ-НОЛ

(субцитрат

висмута).

Ta'lim

innovatsiyasi

va

integratsiyasi

,

14

(2), 143-147.

43.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). SPECIAL FEATURES OF

BUDECTON DRUG.

Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

14

(2), 138-142.

44.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА

КЕЙВЕР.

Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

15

(3), 137-143.

45.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USEFUL PROPERTIES OF THE DRUG YODOFOL.

Ta'lim

innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

15

(3), 144-149.

46.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). FITOTERAPIYANING AKUSHER-GINEKOLOGIYADA

AHAMIYATI.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 121-125.

47.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DRUG DOPROKIN.

Лучшие

интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 109-114.

48.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE EFFECT OF DOSTINEX ON THE BODY.

Лучшие

интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 115-120.

49.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

ПРЕПАРАТА КАНЕФРОН.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 138-143.

50.

Jamshidovich,

A.

S.

(2024). СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПРЕПАРАТА

ИНДОЛ.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 126-131.

51.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). EFFECT OF ISMIZHEN DRUG ON BODY

IMMUNITY.

Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования

,

15

(2), 132-137.


background image

302

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

52.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG CARCIL.

Ta'lim

innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

15

(3), 127-131.

53.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). PЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ

KАВИНТОНА.

Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi

,

15

(3), 132-136.

54.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). Современный Эффект Спрея Мометазон.

Research Journal

of Trauma and Disability Studies

,

3

(3), 62-65.

55.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF" SIMONTE PLUS" DRUG IN THE

MODERN TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF

MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

4

(5), 66-70.

56.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). FEATURES OF THE BIOMECHANISM OF THE DRUG

LEVOMYCETIN (CHLORAMPHENICOL).

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN

MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

4

(9), 298-301.

57.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE MOST IMPORTANT INDICATORS OF OMEGA 3

SUBSTANCE IN THE METABOLISM OF THE HUMAN BODY.

EUROPEAN

JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

4

(10), 113-117.

58.

Komilovich, E. B., & Khalimovich, M. N. (2024). CARDIAC ISCHEMIA. ANGINA

CLINICAL FORMS AND DIAGNOSIS.

Journal of new century innovations

,

46

(1), 70-

78.

59.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). CORONARY HEART DISEASE. ANGINA EMERGENCY

CARE.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(7), 235-

242.

60.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). YURAK ISHEMIK KASALLIGI. STENOKARDIYANI

DAVOLASHNING ZAMONAVIY TAMOYILLARI.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 3-11.

61.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE MOST IMPORTANT BENEFITS OF GINGER FOR

THE HUMAN BODY'S IMMUNITY.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE

AND PRACTICE

,

4

(11), 269-273.

62.

Axmedov, S. (2024). THE SPECIFIC EFFECT OF THE DRUG" BAKLASAN" IN

CEREBROVASCULAR

DISEASES

AND

ITS

PRACTICAL

SIGNIFICANCE

TODAY.

Modern Science and Research

,

3

(12), 485-492.

63.

Komilovich, E. B. Z. (2023). Coronary Artery Disease.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF

MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE

,

3

(12), 81-87.

64.

Komilovich,

E.

B.

(2024).

CORONARY

HEART

DISEASE.

ANGINA

TREATMENT.

Journal of new century innovations

,

46

(1), 95-104.


background image

303

ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4

65.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). HYPERTENSION TREATMENT.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И

ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(7), 227-234.

66.

Эргашов, Б. К. (2024). ИШЕМИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ СЕРДЦА. СТЕНОКАРДИЯ

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 21-31.

67.

Axmedov, S. (2025). ВАЖНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ПРЕПАРАТА ЭСКУЗАН ПРИ

СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ.

Modern Science and Research

,

4

(1), 380-387.

68.

Axmedov,

S.

(2025).

SPECIFIC

PROPERTIES

OF

ROXERA

DRUG

IN

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES.

Modern Science and Research

,

4

(2), 472-479.

69.

Эргашов,

Б.

К.

(2024).

ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКАЯ

БОЛЕЗНЬ

ДИАГНОСТИКА.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В

МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 70-78.

70.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). HYPERTENSION DIAGNOSTICS.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА

И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ

,

38

(6), 42-49.

71.

Axmedov, S. (2025). THE DRUG PHYSIOTENS, THE FEATURES OF THE DRUG

AND ITS USE IN THE FIELD OF CARDIOLOGY, IN PATIENTS WITH HEAVY

BODY WEIGHT.

Modern Science and Research

,

4

(3), 350-358.

References

Saodat, A., Vohid, A., Ravshan, N., & Shamshod, A. (2020). MRI study in patients with idiopathic cokearthrosis of the hip joint. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(2), 410-415.

Axmedov, S. J. (2023). EFFECTS OF THE DRUG MILDRONATE. Innovative Development in Educational Activities, 2(20), 40-59.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). ASCORBIC ACID: ITS ROLE IN IMMUNE SYSTEM, CHRONIC INFLAMMATION DISEASES AND ON THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 3(11), 57-60.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). THE ROLE OF THIOTRIAZOLINE IN THE ORGANISM. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 9(5), 152-155.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). HEPTRAL IS USED IN LIVER DISEASES. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 35(3), 76-78.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2023). EFFECT OF TIVORTIN ON CARDIOMYOCYTE CELLS AND ITS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. Gospodarka i Innowacje., 42, 255-257.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CITICOLINE. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(1), 1-4.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF TRIMETAZIDINE IN ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Journal of new century innovations, 44(2), 3-8.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). ВСЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПРЕПАРАТА ИМУДОН. TADQIQOTLAR, 31(2), 39-43.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE EFFECT OF THE HEPARIN DRUG. TADQIQOTLAR, 31(2), 34-38.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS IN PEDIATRIC PRACTICE. TADQIQOTLAR, 31(2), 29-33.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). РОЛЬ ИНТЕЛЛАНОВОГО СИРОПА И ЦИАНОКОБАЛАМИНА В УЛУЧШЕНИИ ПАМЯТИ. TADQIQOTLAR, 31(2), 44-48.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). TREATMENT OF POLYNEUROPATHY WITH BERLITHION. Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi, 4(1), 201-209.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF ASCORIL IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi, 4(1), 191-200.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DRUG ARTOXAN. Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi, 4(1), 182-190.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF RENGALIN IN CHRONIC BRONCHITIS. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(4), 116-123.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF ALMAGEL DRUG IN GASTRIC AND DUODENAL WOUND DISEASE. Ta'limning zamonaviy transformatsiyasi, 4(1), 173-181.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF CODELAK BRONCHO SYRUP IN CHILDREN'S PRACTICE. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(4), 109-115.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE AEVIT DRUG EFFECT. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(4), 124-132.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF ALCHEBA DRUG IN POST-STROKE APHASIA. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(4), 132-138.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF HYALURON CHONDRO DRUG IN OSTEOARTHROSIS. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(4), 139-145.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). EFFECT OF SIMETHICONE DROP IN FLATULENCE. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 14(1), 95-101.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). BENEFITS OF BETADINE SOLUTION. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 14(1), 116-122.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). EFFECT INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. TADQIQOTLAR, 31(1), 171-180.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF VIGANTOL IN RICKETS. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 14(1), 102-108.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE VITAPROST DRUG RESULTS. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 14(1), 109-115.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF BISEPTOL DRUG IN URINARY TRACT DISEASE. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 14(1), 89-94.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). PROPERTIES OF THE DRUG DORMIKIND. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(5), 88-92.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). IMMUNOMODULATORY FUNCTION OF DIBAZOL DRUG. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(5), 83-87.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). ADVANTAGES OF THE DRUG HEPTRAL. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(5), 98-101.

Эргашов, Б. К., & Ахмедов, Ш. Ж. (2024). ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ЭТИОЛОГИЯ. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 59-69.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). HYPERTENSION, CLASSIFICATION AND PATHOGENESIS. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 50-58.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). YURAK ISHEMIYASI. STENOKARDIYADA SHOSHILINCH TIBBIY YORDAM. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 12-20.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). HYPERTENSION ETIOLOGY. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 32-41.

Komilovich, E. B., & Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). CARDIAC ISCHEMIA. ANGINA NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND CARE. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 44-52.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). IMPORTANT INDICATIONS OF THE DRUG WOBENZYM. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 29-32.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE RESULTS OF THE EFFECT OF THE DRUG VALIDOL. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 19-23.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). VIFERON USE IN CHILDREN. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 24-28.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USE OF DUSPATALIN (MEBEVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE) IN GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(5), 93-97.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). ЭФФЕКТЫ СИРОПА ДЕПАКИНА (ВАЛЬПРОЕВАЯ КИСЛОТА). Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 14(2), 148-152.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DRUG ALLOCHOL FOR CHRONIC CHOLECYSTITIS. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 14(2), 133-137.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). ВАЖНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ПРЕПАРАТА ДЕ-НОЛ (субцитрат висмута). Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 14(2), 143-147.

Jamshidovich, A. S., & Komilovich, E. B. (2024). SPECIAL FEATURES OF BUDECTON DRUG. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 14(2), 138-142.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). ЭФФЕКТИВНОЕ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА КЕЙВЕР. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 15(3), 137-143.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). USEFUL PROPERTIES OF THE DRUG YODOFOL. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 15(3), 144-149.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). FITOTERAPIYANING AKUSHER-GINEKOLOGIYADA AHAMIYATI. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 121-125.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DRUG DOPROKIN. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 109-114.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE EFFECT OF DOSTINEX ON THE BODY. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 115-120.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРЕПАРАТА КАНЕФРОН. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 138-143.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ПРЕПАРАТА ИНДОЛ. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 126-131.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). EFFECT OF ISMIZHEN DRUG ON BODY IMMUNITY. Лучшие интеллектуальные исследования, 15(2), 132-137.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE DRUG CARCIL. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 15(3), 127-131.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). PЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭФФЕКТИВНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ KАВИНТОНА. Ta'lim innovatsiyasi va integratsiyasi, 15(3), 132-136.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). Современный Эффект Спрея Мометазон. Research Journal of Trauma and Disability Studies, 3(3), 62-65.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE ROLE OF" SIMONTE PLUS" DRUG IN THE MODERN TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(5), 66-70.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). FEATURES OF THE BIOMECHANISM OF THE DRUG LEVOMYCETIN (CHLORAMPHENICOL). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(9), 298-301.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE MOST IMPORTANT INDICATORS OF OMEGA 3 SUBSTANCE IN THE METABOLISM OF THE HUMAN BODY. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(10), 113-117.

Komilovich, E. B., & Khalimovich, M. N. (2024). CARDIAC ISCHEMIA. ANGINA CLINICAL FORMS AND DIAGNOSIS. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 70-78.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). CORONARY HEART DISEASE. ANGINA EMERGENCY CARE. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(7), 235-242.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). YURAK ISHEMIK KASALLIGI. STENOKARDIYANI DAVOLASHNING ZAMONAVIY TAMOYILLARI. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 3-11.

Jamshidovich, A. S. (2024). THE MOST IMPORTANT BENEFITS OF GINGER FOR THE HUMAN BODY'S IMMUNITY. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 4(11), 269-273.

Axmedov, S. (2024). THE SPECIFIC EFFECT OF THE DRUG" BAKLASAN" IN CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES AND ITS PRACTICAL SIGNIFICANCE TODAY. Modern Science and Research, 3(12), 485-492.

Komilovich, E. B. Z. (2023). Coronary Artery Disease. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MODERN MEDICINE AND PRACTICE, 3(12), 81-87.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). CORONARY HEART DISEASE. ANGINA TREATMENT. Journal of new century innovations, 46(1), 95-104.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). HYPERTENSION TREATMENT. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(7), 227-234.

Эргашов, Б. К. (2024). ИШЕМИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ СЕРДЦА. СТЕНОКАРДИЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКА. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 21-31.

Axmedov, S. (2025). ВАЖНЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ПРЕПАРАТА ЭСКУЗАН ПРИ СОСУДИСТЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ. Modern Science and Research, 4(1), 380-387.

Axmedov, S. (2025). SPECIFIC PROPERTIES OF ROXERA DRUG IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES. Modern Science and Research, 4(2), 472-479.

Эргашов, Б. К. (2024). ГИПЕРТОНИЧЕСКАЯ БОЛЕЗНЬ ДИАГНОСТИКА. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 70-78.

Komilovich, E. B. (2024). HYPERTENSION DIAGNOSTICS. ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ НАУКА И ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ИДЕИ В МИРЕ, 38(6), 42-49.

Axmedov, S. (2025). THE DRUG PHYSIOTENS, THE FEATURES OF THE DRUG AND ITS USE IN THE FIELD OF CARDIOLOGY, IN PATIENTS WITH HEAVY BODY WEIGHT. Modern Science and Research, 4(3), 350-358.