ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1532
THE PHENOMENON OF GRADATION IN CHILDREN'S FAIRYTALES
Samandarova Dilorom Izzatovna
Teacher at Bukhara State Technical University.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15305397
Abstract.
The article is devoted to the analysis of the degree of gradation in Russian
Children's fairy tales, also, the characterization of the positive and negative characters of the
Brothers Grimm's fairy tale "The Tale of the Fisherman and his Men" is given. In particular, the
greed of the fisherman's wife, who knows no bounds, is widely covered and appropriate
conclusions are drawn.
Key words:
Brothers Grimm, fairy tale, greed, degree of gradation, boundless desire,
image of goldfish flounder.
ФЕНОМЕН ГРАДАЦИИ В ДЕТСКИХ СКАЗКАХ
Аннотация.
Статья посвящена анализу степени градации в русских детских
сказках, а также дана характеристика положительных и отрицательных персонажей
сказки братьев Гримм «Сказка о рыбаке и его ребятах». В частности, широко
освещается жадность жены рыбака, не знающая границ, и делаются соответствующие
выводы.
Ключевые слова:
братья Гримм, сказка, жадность, степень градации,
безграничное желание, образ золотой рыбки Камбалы.
It is known that all creatures and objects have their own difference such their own kind,
including the fingerprints of people, the universe does not match their own kind. This
philosophical view of linguistic phenomena And are the object of study, that is, everything in
this world has its own gradation degree. In particular, linguistic gradation also has its own
gradation series. Literary analysis of the text of works of art act as an object of gradation
phenomena. In confirmation of the theoretical arguments, we will give examples using the text
of the fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm "The Tale of the Fisherman and His Wife". In written
and oral speech, there are many techniques by which the author can influence the feelings of the
reader. By changing the order of the members of the sentence, you can focus on a particular
word or expression. Applying an emotional rhetorical exclamation or a question, a response.
Reader or, conversely, easy to Arouse Gradation is used to excite to reduce stress. This
technique is not found in literary texts as often as, for example, comparison, but invariably gives
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1533
the reader expressiveness. And heightens the experience The term "gradation" comes from the
Latin word "gradatio", which means "gradual intensification". Researchers identify several
meanings of this concept. Under the gradation in the literature in the narrow sense, consisting of
words, synonymous differing rows, shades of meanings and arranged in order of increasing or
weakening semantics (semantics, meaning of a word, expression).
Gradation in a broad sense (according to the dictionary definition from a literary
encyclopedia) is a figure of speech in which a number of words, expressions, sentences related to
one subject are arranged in order B of increasing or decreasing semantic or emotional
significance of the members of the series. The elements of a series are called gradonyms. Their
role can be played not only by individual words, expressions, but also by whole sentences. So
didn’t you ask her for anything? She is a queen, which means she has many riches, the wife
asked. “No, and what should I ask her for?” “Ah,” said the wife, “Why, for us, it’s so bad to live
in this shack; look, and the doors squint, the roof is leaking, the windows will be a hundred years
old tomorrow. You should have asked her for a better home. The fish is not simple, but magical.
Isn't that clear! He will say a spell, or whatever else - once, and we will have a new home.
Or give money, she is the queen. For text analysis, we must choose keywords, phrases
and sentences that express the degree of greed of the heroine of the tale: did you ask for
anything?
She's a queen, look, and the doors are lopsided, the roof is leaking, the windows will be a
hundred years old tomorrow. A new house or money will give. If you carefully follow the
figures of speech, it is not difficult to determine the core words of the keywords. These are: a
new house, money, beg, a door, a roof, windows, a queen. Now we will try to build a gradation
series of the selected words: windows, door, roof, money, house. This row also has a reverse
option - house, money, roof, door, windows. The first is considered to be increasing, and the
second is considered to be a decreasing degree of gradation. In linguistics, there are two forms of
gradation: climax and anticlimax: a) climax (from the Greek "klimax" "ladder"), in which the
elements of gradation are arranged in the order of increasing tension or strengthening of
semantic meaning; 6) anti- climax (or the Greek words "anti" "against" and "klimax" of the
emotional or semantic meaning of a series of lower values An example of a gradual decrease in
meaning is presented in the text of the International, although it should be noted that the authors
use this technique much less frequently than the climax.
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1534
The textual meaning of the analyzed words clearly expresses that greed existed in the
character of the fisherman's wife before the fisherman's meeting with the flounder (she's a queen,
she must...). In the following text, the degree of the heroine's desire is archaically enhanced. For
example: “Listen, hubby, the hut is too cramped for us, and the yard and garden are too small;
your flounder could give us a bigger house. I would like to live in a big stone castle; go to theflo
under, ask her to give us a stone castle. When analyzing the speech of the fisherman's wife, the
degree of her desires is increasing, if in the first case, when she was not yet sure that the flounder
would give something or not, she asked for a house, and now, when she got into the excitement,
she does not want to live in the usual house, she needs a stone house. In the Uzbek language
there is a proverb “Kurmaganning kurgani kursin”, which proves the inner world of the heroine,
where the main dream is considered the goal of life is profit. This satiety increases line by line of
the text of the tale.
In the next passage of the tale, we notice a sharp increase in the degree of greed of the
heroine of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale “Husband, get up and look out the window. I thought to
myself, why shouldn't we be king and queen over this whole country? Go and tell the fish that
we want to be kings.” The desires of the fisherman's wife from the fairy tale of the Brothers
Grimm The Tale of the Fisherman and His Wife" exceeds the desires of the old woman from the
fairy tale by A. S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish". The old woman is limited
to three wishes that the fisherman begs from the fish (begging for a hut, to become a queen, to
become the mistress of the sea), and the wife of the fisherman of the Brothers Grimm wants to
become king and queen, that is, she asks for not one, but several desires. I probably know that
she can’t make you a queen, and she can’t, and she can’t!” - "What's happened? I am the queen,
and you are my husband, and you dare to contradict me?
Now go there! If a fish could make me a queen, she can make me a queen! Listen, I want
to be a queen! Now go to the fish! In this passage from fairy tales, we observe a dialogue
between a fisherman and his wife. The fisherman feels that this desire of his wife is not feasible,
but the old woman is sure that the flounder will surely fulfill any of his desires. In addition, the
wife's address to her husband has changed, her attitude towards her husband as servants reminds
the fisherman of what rank he is in comparison with her. Well, what are you doing there? - said
the wife. -I am now a queen, but I want to be a dad! Go ask for a fish." "Ah, wifey! What else
did you want? You cannot be a dad: there is only one dad in the whole baptized world!
No magician can do this." Husband! she said. - I want to be a dad! Now go to the sea!
ISSN:
2181-3906
2025
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 4 / ISSUE 4 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1535
Today I want to be a dad!” A fragment of the text shows that the old woman's power over
the flounder given to her is limited in terms of a single kingdom. She wants to be the pope. The
greed of the old woman increases with each time, disappointing fishermen. Having become the
Pope of Rome, the old woman acquires Power in many kingdoms And the subordination of kings
and kings.
Any reader of the fairy tale is perfectly aware that the woman is the Pope of Rome,
therefore this is nonsense, in general, in the history of the Pope, there were male people. In
addition, the position of the Pope of Rome has power not for profit, but for the enlightenment of
the peoples of the world. You also need to consider whether the wife of the fisherman herself is
religious. The question is rhetorical, that is, if she were a real religious person, she could not act
like an insatiable heroine of a fairy tale. "A! she thought. - But can't I also command And the
sun, the moon, And that they rise? .. " Husband, and husband! she said, and pushed him in the
ribs with her elbow. Wake up! Go back to the fish and say that I want to be God himself!” The
flounder fulfills all the wishes of the fisherman's wife, but with each request of the fisherman to
the flounder, the sea becomes more and more gloomy and rages. The greed of the old woman has
no end, which can be understood by her desire to command the sun and the moon, that is, to
become God himself. The husband, not yet waking up at all, upon hearing these words, fell off
the bed, but did not deign to oppose his wife. After hearing the desires of the old
woman from the lips of the fisherman, the flounder returns everything to its previous state
- to a miserable shack. The relevance of the tale lies in the fact that it covers human vices not
only in the society of the last century, but also in modern times, which, however, forget ethical
norms and culture of behavior, are lost in their desires. She teaches not to appreciate what we
have, but to lose by crying. Summarizing the above, it should be noted that the phenomenon of
gradation is found in all works of art, not dividing into prose and poetry, they have a degree of
growth and decrease in any subject, including state, desire, joy and sorrow.
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