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THE MAIN FACTORS CAUSING PERIOSTITIS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Bozorova Qizlarxon Tillavoldi qizi
Andijan State Medical Institute Master’s Degree in Dentistry, 1st Year Student
https:/doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15399711
Abstract.
This thesis analyzes the main risk factors leading to the development of
periostitis — inflammation of the periosteum — of the upper and lower jaw bones in elderly
patients. Physiological changes occurring in the div during old age, a decrease in the activity
of the immune system, chronic infections, metabolic diseases (diabetes, atherosclerosis,
osteoporosis), and long-term pharmacological treatment significantly increase the risk of
periostitis. The results of the study show that in dental procedures performed on elderly patients,
their general somatic condition, medication history, and oral hygiene status should be
comprehensively taken into account. At the same time, regular preventive examinations, early
diagnosis, and individual dental approaches play an important role in preventing severe
complications of periostitis.
Keywords:
Periostitis, elderly patients, immunodeficiency, metabolic diseases,
pharmacotherapy, oral hygiene, prevention.
Main part
Periostitis is a relatively uncommon pathology in elderly patients; however, when
present, it typically demonstrates a more aggressive and chronic clinical progression compared to
younger individuals. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are multifactorial, with
immunosenescence—age-related decline in immune function—playing a pivotal role. As the
immune response weakens in advanced age, the div’s ability to counteract infections and
inflammation is significantly impaired, which facilitates the rapid spread and persistence of
periosteal infections.
Another critical factor is the reduction in osteogenic capacity due to age-related changes
in bone metabolism. The regenerative potential of periosteal and osseous tissues diminishes with
age, leading to delayed healing and increased vulnerability to inflammation. Scientific literature
highlights the strong correlation between periostitis and chronic systemic diseases that are
prevalent in the elderly, particularly metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis,
and atherosclerosis. These conditions not only compromise vascular integrity and nutrient supply
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to the bone but also create a pro-inflammatory systemic environment that favors the progression
of localized bone infections.
Moreover, pharmacological factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of
periostitis in older adults. Long-term administration of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive
agents—commonly prescribed for autoimmune diseases or post-transplant management—can
lead to further immune suppression, increasing the individual’s susceptibility to bacterial
colonization and infection of the periosteum.
Oral health also plays a crucial role in the development of maxillofacial periostitis. Poor
oral hygiene, often resulting from physical limitations or cognitive decline in elderly patients,
creates an ideal environment for the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally,
improperly fabricated or ill-fitting dental prostheses can cause chronic irritation and mucosal
trauma, further predisposing the underlying periosteum to infection. Failure to address dental
caries, periodontal disease, and apical infections in a timely manner often results in the spread of
inflammation to deeper periodontal and osseous structures, culminating in periostitis.
In summary, while periostitis may be less frequently diagnosed in the geriatric
population, its occurrence is significantly influenced by a complex interplay of systemic,
immunological, and local oral factors. Comprehensive assessment and management strategies
tailored to the needs of elderly patients are essential to prevent severe complications and ensure
effective treatment outcomes.
Conclusion
Prevention and early detection of periostitis in elderly patients is of great importance in
dental practice. Studies show that effective prevention and treatment of periostitis can be
achieved by an individual approach to each patient, that is, by a comprehensive analysis of their
general health, medication history, and oral hygiene status. In this regard, it is necessary to
develop clinical protocols, preventive measures, and recommendations adapted for elderly
patients in dental services. This approach will help reduce severe complications of the disease
and improve the quality of life of patients.
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