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THEORIES OF PERSONALITY STUDY IN PSYCHOLOGY
Hajiboyeva Madina Davronbek qizi
Student of Karakalpak State University
Narbayeva Saida Ibragimovna
Student of Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15392243
Abstract.
This study, based on theoretical data on the study of personality in psychology,
presents information about the main and vital stages of personality psychology. Based on this
information, modern psychology provides guidelines for assessing the psychological state of a
person and improving his mental state.
Keywords:
Personality psychology, psychological research, individuality, worldview,
perception.
PSIXOLOGIYADA SHAXSNI O’RGANISH NAZARIYALARI
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu tadqiqotda psixologiyada shaxsni o’rganish bo’yicha nazariy
ma’lumotlarga asoslangan holda, shaxs psixologiyasining asosiy va hayotiy bosqichlari haqida
ma’lumotlar keltirib o’tilgan. Ushbu ma’lumotlarga asoslangan holda zamonaviy
psixologiyasida shaxsning psixologik holatini baholash va ruxiy ahvolini yaxshilashga doir
ko’rsatmalar berib o’tiladi.
Kalit so’zlar:
Shaxs psixologiyasi, psixologik tadqiqotlar, individuallik, dunyoqarash,
idrok.
A brief description of the concept of individual psychology as a person states that this
is a unique personal form of a person, which has its own characteristics that distinguish it from
other representatives of society. These include such elements of personality psychology as a
person's temperament, interests, intelligence, needs and abilities. Along with individuality,
these personal characteristics determine the place and role of a person in social society, as well
as the desire for social mobility. Theories that study classes of people. Sociology studies the
classes of people. A separate branch of it is social stratification, which divides people into
'layers', uniting social statuses according to some protected criteria. People have been divided
into classes for a very long time, everything started with a person's origin, marital status, etc.
After the industrial era, the concept of social mobility appeared, that is, the ability to 'move'
between classes, classes, from now on it began to depend only on the individual. The concept
of personality, despite its many definitions, is a widely debated topic. Psychology focuses on
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differences in human behavior, which are expressed through temperament, behavior, and
specific interests. A personality theory is a set of hypotheses or assumptions about the nature
and mechanisms of personality development. The theory of the personality psyche seeks not
only to explain, but also to predict human behavior. In modern psychology, there are eight main
approaches to the study of personality. Each approach has its own theory, its own ideas about
the properties and structure of the personality, its own methods of measuring them. Therefore,
we can only offer the following schematic definition: personality is a multidimensional and
multilevel system of psychological characteristics that ensure individual uniqueness, temporary
and situational stability of human behavior. Each theory allows you to create one or more
structural models of the personality. Most of the models are speculative, and only a few, mainly
dispositional, are built using modern mathematical methods. Psychodynamic theory of
personality. The founder of the psychodynamic theory of personality, also known as “classical
psychoanalysis”, conducted research by the Austrian scientist Z. Freud. According to Freud,
the main source of personality development is innate biological factors (instincts), or rather, the
general biological energy - libido (Latin libido - attraction, desire). This energy is directed,
firstly, towards procreation (sexual attraction), and secondly, towards destruction (aggressive
attraction). Personality is formed in the first six years of life. The unconscious dominates the
structure of personality. The psychological and aggressive actions that constitute the main part
of libido are not performed by a person. One of the most important characteristic aspects of a
person is his individuality. Individuality is understood as a unique combination of personal
psychological characteristics of a person. Individuality is a set of psychological qualities that
reflect a person's uniqueness, his difference from other people. Individuality includes character,
temperament, mental processes, states, phenomena, a set of dominant traits, will, motives for
activity, worldview, talent, various forms of reactions, abilities, etc. Individuality is the
uniqueness of the social characteristics and psyche of an individual that distinguish him from
others and his irreversibility. There is no person who embodies the same combination of the
mentioned psychological characteristics, the human personality is unique in terms of its
individuality. In psychology, there are a number of theories regarding the structure of
personality, these theories approach the study of the human personality from different points of
view and illuminate the essence of the problem in different ways. Personality psychology is the
center of the psychological theories of a number of psychologists, including such famous
psychologists as Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Some of these theories deal with a specific
area of the personality, while others serve to explain the personality in a broader way. These
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are: Biogenetic theory, sociogenetic theory, psychogenetic theory, psychoanalytic theory, and
humanistic theories. Proponents of the biogenetic approach argue that the biological
development of the individual is accepted as the main factor and is responsible for the
personality. According to biogenetic theory, the basis of personality formation is biogenetic
determinants, and socio-psychological characteristics also develop in dependence on them. At
the same time, in educational discussions, biological theories of personality coexist with nature.
Research on heredity shows that there is a connection between genetics and personality traits.
Without knowing the structure of the personality and the laws of its emergence and
development, it is impossible to project and diagnose the growing human personality, to
determine the most favorable conditions and effective ways for its formation. It is known that
the human personality is formed and reveals itself in the process of active interaction with the
surrounding objects and the social world. In the process of the "ontogenetic" development of a
person and the formation of a personality, biological and social factors enter into an interaction,
creating a powerful internal environment that provides the effect of external impressions. Under
such conditions, the anatomical and physiological capabilities of a person not only reveal
themselves, but also develop, change and find structure in the form of mechanisms of a certain
functional significance of neurodynamic and sensori-perceptive organs, providing for the
mental activity of a person as an individual and relatively stable mental properties and their
systems. Indeed, to live, one must have a certain level of opportunities to satisfy one's natural
and cultural needs, as well as for a special approach to the environment. A person, at birth,
receives only the rudiments of the possibilities that are so necessary for human life through
genetic means. This opportunity itself finds its content in a person in the process of assimilating
the social experiences of the previous generation, in interactions with adults, in the processes
of education and upbringing. That is why a person, from childhood, that is, during the period
of assimilation of these experiences, forms and develops his capabilities for independent life.
The relationship of a person as a person with the surrounding people and things is manifested
in their productive activities, in the relationships that arise between people. A person begins to
form as a person only in relationships with other people. So, a person is a complete person who
lives in a human society, is engaged in some kind of activity, can communicate normally with
others through language, and has a highly developed mind. A person, belonging to different
psychological groups, performs various tasks and roles that are not similar to each other. Some
children are naughty and capricious in the family, but at school they are modest, polite, cheerful
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among their peers. A person who is very serious at work can be a joker and a joker when going
on a trip. Often a person demonstrates similar qualities in different situations.
Conclusion
In conclusion, it can be said that the change in a person's mental state depends on the
external environment and social upbringing. The relatively stable and relatively variable
characteristics of a person form a complex unity, that is, a dynamic structure, consisting of the
unity and interdependence of personal qualities.
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