2025
MAY
NEW RENAISSANCE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
VOLUME 2
|
ISSUE 5
334
TEMPERAMENT AS A PERSONALITY STRUCTURE
Jumabaeva Araylim Bakit qizi
Student of Karakalpak State University
Saģindikova Asemay Batirxan qizi
Student of Karakalpak State University
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15399596
Abstract.
This study examines the temperament of a person and its characteristics. The
study analyzes historical approaches to the analysis of the concept of "temperament", as well
as various classifications of temperaments. At the same time, the history of the study of the
types of temperament of a person, the ideas and theories of scientists are discussed, including
individual psychological characteristics such as temperament and psychological defense
mechanisms, and the determination of temperament by which of the four elements in the
human div predominates.
Keywords:
temperament, choleric, sanguine, melancholic, phlegmatic, observation,
interview, psychophysiological method, experimental methods, temperament theories, trait,
mental process and state.
TEMPERAMENT- SHAXS STRUKTURASI SIFATIDA
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu tadqiqot davomida
shaxs temperamenti va uning xususiyatlari
ko'rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotda "temperament" tushunchasini tahlil qilishning tarixiy
yondashuvlari, shuningdek temperamentlarning turli tasniflari tahlil qilinadi. Shu bilan bir
qatorda shaxs temperamentining turlari o’rganilish tarixi, olimlarning fikirlari va
nazaryalari to’g’risida aytib o’tilgan, shu jumladan temperament kabi individual psixologik
xususiyatlari va psixologik himoya mexanizmlari, temperamentning inson tanasidagi to‘rtta
unsurning qaysi biri ustunlik qilishi bilan belgilanishi tahlil qilingan.
Kalit so'zlar:
temperament, xolerik, sangvinik, melanxolik, flegmatik, kuzatish, suhbat,
psixofiziologik usul, eksperimental usullar, temperament nazariyalari, xususiyat, psixik
jarayon va holat.
ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТ КАК СТРУКТУРА ЛИЧНОСТИ
Аннотация.
В ходе данного исследования изучается темперамент личности и
его характеристики. В исследовании анализируются исторические подходы к анализу
понятия «темперамент», а также различные классификации темпераментов. При
этом рассматривается история изучения типов личности, идеи и теории ученых,
проводится анализ таких индивидуальных психологических особенностей, как
2025
MAY
NEW RENAISSANCE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
VOLUME 2
|
ISSUE 5
335
темперамент и механизмы психологической защиты, а также то, как темперамент
определяется тем, какой из четырех элементов в организме человека преобладает.
Ключевые слова:
темперамент, холерик, сангвиник, меланхолик, флегматик,
наблюдение, беседа, психофизиологический метод, экспериментальные методы,
теории темперамента, черта, психический процесс и состояние.
Introduction
When talking about temperament, they mean many mental differences between people
- differences in depth, intensity, stability of emotions, emotional sensitivity, tempo, energy of
actions and other dynamic, individually stable features of mental life, behavior and activity.
Nevertheless, temperament today remains a controversial and unresolved problem in many
ways. However, with all the diversity of approaches to the problem, scientists and
practitioners recognize that temperament is a biological foundation on which a person is
formed as a social being.
The oldest doctrine of temperament belongs to Hippocrates, the
“father of medicine.” Hippocrates argued that temperament is determined by which of the
four elements that make up the human div predominates. He developed a unique
psychophysiological concept that corresponds to ancient views on human nature. He
considered each type of temperament to be a psychic expression of the four main fluids in the
div: blood (lat. sanguis), bile (chole), phlegm (gr. phlegma) and black bile (melas+chole).
Hippocrates, pointing out that temperament is a purely physiological concept, did not
associate this phenomenon only with the spiritual whole of the individual. He even considered
it quite acceptable to talk about the temperament of individual organs. Another teaching on
temperament belongs to Claudius Galen, who lived in the 2nd century BC. His ideas are set
out in his famous treatise “De temperamentum” (“On the Right Measure”). Over time, the
ideas of Hippocrates and Galen have lost their meaning, but the characteristics of
temperament that they described have become firmly established in everyday consciousness.
A person whose main element in the div is blood is high-spirited, mobile, excitable,
relatively easily experiencing failures and problems, changeable; while the predominance of
phlegm in the div characterizes a choleric person, who is capable of working with
extraordinary enthusiasm, but is unbalanced, prone to strong emotional outbursts and sudden
changes in mood. Temperament reflects dynamic aspects of behavior, mainly of an innate
nature, therefore the properties of temperament are the most stable and constant in
comparison with other mental characteristics of a person. Analysis of the internal structure of
2025
MAY
NEW RENAISSANCE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
VOLUME 2
|
ISSUE 5
336
temperament presents significant difficulties, due to the absence of a single content and a
single system of external manifestations in temperament (in its usual psychological
characteristics). Attempts at such an analysis lead to the identification of three main, leading,
components of temperament, related to the spheres of general activity of the individual, his
motor skills and his emotionality. Each of these components, in turn, has a very complex
multidimensional structure and different forms of psychological manifestations. Methods for
studying personality temperament are carried out in various directions, some of which are
scientific, some are practical. Below I will give some of the main methods:
1. Questionnaires and tests One of the most common methods for studying
temperament is various psychological tests and questionnaires. For example: Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - this test is used to determine the psychological
state, temperament and other psychological characteristics of a person. Eysenck Personality
Questionnaire (EPQ) - this test helps to assess a person's temperament, in particular, the level
of extraversion, introversion and neuroticism.
2. Observation (Observation) When studying temperament, psychologists often
observe a person in various situations. This method is used to determine a person's responses,
actions and reactions to the environment. For example, observing how a person reacts to
stress or how he behaves in social situations.
3. Interviews. Conducting interviews is also useful for studying temperament. A
psychologist or researcher asks a person questions to learn about their specific behavior,
feelings, and thoughts. Interviews can provide more in-depth and individual information about
a person's temperament.
4. Lichko's temperament assessment methods.Tests developed by Lichko are used to
assess temperament. In this method, a person's personal characteristics and temperament are
divided into different categories, and assessments are made based on specific signs.
5. Psychophysiological methods. Sometimes physiological methods are also used to
study temperament. For example, by measuring brain activity, monitoring heart rate, blood
pressure, and other physiological changes, attempts are made to determine the neurobiological
basis of temperament.
6. Experimental methods. Experiments can be conducted to study temperament. In this
case, people are tested in certain conditions or under certain stress factors and what responses
are obtained from them are observed.
2025
MAY
NEW RENAISSANCE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
VOLUME 2
|
ISSUE 5
337
7. Cross-cultural studies. Cross-cultural studies can be conducted to study how
temperament varies across cultures and social settings. This method helps to determine how
temperament is influenced by cultural influences.
Conclusion
The role of temperament is not the same in different types of activities. In
educational activities and in mass professions (turner, mechanic, weaver, salesperson,
doctor, teacher, engineer) some properties of temperament, necessary for successful activity
and weakly expressed in a given person, can be compensated for by other properties and the
work methods conditioned by them. It is also possible for a person to exhibit characteristics
of different temperament types in different situations.
Used literature:
1.
Turemuratova, Aziza, Rita Kurbanova, and Barno Saidboyeva. "EDUCATIONAL
TRADITIONS IN SHAPING THE WORLDVIEW OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN FOLK
PEDAGOGY." Modern Science and Research 2.10 (2023): 318-322.
2.
Kurbanova, R. J., and B. E. Saidboeva. "MAKTAB VA OILADA ESTETIK
TARBIYANI
SHAKLLANTIRISH
JARAYONIDA
O'QUVCHILARNING
AKSIOLOGIK DUNYOQARASHINI RIVOJLANTIRISH." Inter education & global
study 9 (2024): 114-121.
3.
Jarasovna, Kurbanova Rita. "The Role of National Values in Shaping the Aesthetic
Worldview of Schoolchildren." International Journal of Pedagogics 5.03 (2025): 55-
58.
4.
Jarilkapovich, Matjanov Aman. "USE OF PEDAGOGICAL METHODS BASED ON
THE
MODERN
EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAM
TO
INCREASE
THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATION." European International Journal of Pedagogics
4.06 (2024): 26-33.
5.
Jarilkapovich, Matjanov Aman. "Program Technology for Choosing an Effective
Educational Methodology Based on Modern Pedagogical Research in The Educational
System." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PEDAGOGICS 6.02 (2025): 30-
33.
6.
Turemuratova, Aziza, Shahlo Matmuratova, and Nargisa Tajieva. "THE
DEPENDENCE OF MULTI-VECTOR APPROACHES ON PEDAGOGICAL
METHODS
AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL
TRAINING
IN
IMPROVING
2025
MAY
NEW RENAISSANCE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE
VOLUME 2
|
ISSUE 5
338
STUDENTS'COLLABORATIVE SKILLS BASED ON THE EDUCATIONAL
PROGRAM." Modern Science and Research 4.4 (2025): 50-55.
7.
Aziza, Turemuratova. "KONFLIKT VA UNING KELIB CHIQISH SABABLARI."
Новости образования: исследование в XXI веке 3.32 (2025): 457-459.
8.
Begibaevna, Turemuratova Aziza. "PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFIDENTIALITY OF
THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS'COLLABORATIVE SKILLS BASED ON
MULTI-VECTOR APPROACHES IN EDUCATION." (2025).
9.
Turemuratova, Aziza, Azamat Utambetov, and Rinat Seytimov. "PSIXOLOGIK
TRENING
ASOSLARI
TUSHUNCHASI
VA
O’SMIRLARNING
KOLLOBORATIV
KO’NIKMALARINI
OSHIRUVCHI
PSIXOLOGIK
TRENINGLAR." Modern Science and Research 4.4 (2025): 135-141.
10.
Turemuratova, Aziza, Farogʻat Seytmambetova, and Nazokat Masharipova.
"PSIXOLOGIK
TRENINGLARNING
USLUBIY
MUMMOLARI
VA
KOLLOBORATIV TA’LIMDA GURUH MUAMMOLARI." Modern Science and
Research 4.4 (2025): 100-106.
11.
Begibaevna, Turemuratova Aziza, and Turganbayeva Amina Quanishbayevna.
"PSIXOLOG TRENERNING KASBIY KO’NIKMALARI VA PSIXOLOGIK
SALOHIYATINI OSHIRUVCHI AMALIY TRENINGLAR." (2025).
12.
Turemuratova, Aziza, Aynisa Jaqsimuratova, and Ramiza Mustapaeva. "SELF-
CONTROL RULES OF A PSYCHOLOGIST-TRAINER." Modern Science and
Research 4.4 (2025): 217-221.
13.
Muratbayevna, Dauletova Gozal, and Madaminova Nargiza Qurbanbayevna.
"BOLANING RIVOJLANISH DAVRI PSIXOLOGIYASI." Scientific Impulse 1
(2022): 33-35.
14.
Reyimbaevna, Mambetiyarova Venera, and Jumabayeva Marupa. "OTA-ONA VA
FARZANDLAR MUNOSABATINING XUSUSIYATLARI." TADQIQOTLAR. UZ
51 (2024): 20-23.
