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HUMANITY IS UNABLE TO CONTROL THE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION
Niyozov Ikhtiyor Kadyrzoda
2nd-year student in the Geography and Fundamentals of Economic Knowledge
program at Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute
Mavlonkulova Shakhlo Sherzod kizi
2nd-year student in the Geography and Fundamentals of Economic Knowledge
program at Gulistan State Pedagogical Institute
Abstract:
Nowadays, there is a growing trend of both natural and anthropogenic
impacts on nature worldwide, leading to significant changes in the ecological
condition of the biosphere. It may seem as though the disasters occurring in various
regions of our planet are unrelated to human activity. However, regrettably, we are
witnessing that the complex and rapidly evolving environmental problems across the
globe are predominantly (85%) caused by human actions. Humanity, driven by the
20th-century slogan "to conquer and transform nature," has been unable to halt the
momentum of its destructive activities. In light of the catastrophic consequences now
emerging, we are compelled to adopt a new slogan: "to reconcile with and befriend
nature".
Key words:
Passive, active, trend, pace, global, humanitarian, form, biological,
resources, socio-economic factors, policy.
EKOLOGIK VAZIYATNI BOSHQARA OLMAYOTGAN INSONIYAT
Annotatsiya:
Bugungi kunda dunyo bo‘yicha tabiatga bo‘lgan tabiy va
antropogen ta’sirning ortish tendensiyasi kuzatilmoqda, natijada biosferaning
ekologik holatini o‘zgarishlari kuzatilmoqda. Go‘yoki Sayyoramizning turli
mintaqalarida sodir bo‘layotgan halokatlarning insonlarga daxli yo‘qdek ko‘rinadi.
Ammo ming afsuski hozirda butun dunyo hududida kechayotgan, chigal va jadal
rivojlanib borayotgan ekologik muammolar hamda ekologik holatning asosiy rolida
(85 %) “inson” turganligini guvohi bo‘lib turibmiz. Insoniyat XX-asrdagi “tabiatni
zabt etib o‘zgartiramiz” shiori bilan boshlagan harakat tezligini bugungi kunnga kelib
to‘xtata olmayapti. Yuzaga kelayotgan halokatli vaziyatlardan xulosa chiqargan holda
“tabiat bilan murosa qilish va do‘stlashish” shiori bilan yashashga majbur.
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Kalit so‘zlar:
passiv, Faol, tendensiya, tempda, global, gumanitar, form,
biologik, resurslar, ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy omillar, siyosat.
Humanity obtains everything it needs from nature and ultimately returns it back
to nature. The rapid growth of the global population, the acceleration of scientific and
technological progress, the sharp increase in humanity’s demand for biological
resources, along with a number of other socio-economic factors, are fundamentally
altering the ecological state of the planet. At present, various environmental problems
are emerging across different regions of the world. It is important to note that a single
ecological problem can, in turn, give rise to other problems and may lead to a chain
of interconnected environmental challenges.
Relevance of the Topic:
To put it simply, let us analyze the issue using the
example of climate. As we know, the problem of climate change has gone beyond the
scope of scientific research and education it has become a critical issue affecting the
sustainable development of both states and societies. Climate now determines not
only the characteristics of a region but also the economic, environmental, social, and
political security of nations and communities. Modern science confirms that climate
conditions naturally change over time. However, compared to the past, current
climate shifts are occurring at an unprecedented pace. Humans have transitioned from
being passive consumers to active participants, and their active involvement began to
negatively impact the climate and the environment as early as the 3rd–4th centuries.
As a result, the science of climate change and adaptation to environmental conditions
began to take shape in the second half of the 19th century, closely linked to the
emergence of contradictions between society and nature. Today, humanity is
directing all its strength and potential toward mitigating these contradictions.
The fact that climate change has become a global problem and is being treated
as such has led to the emergence of other related environmental issues. However, it is
important to note that the source and driving force behind these problems is humanity
itself. Research findings show that up to 85% of global environmental issues are
caused by human activity.
One of the major issues currently driving climate change worldwide is the
greenhouse effect. Each gas in the Earth's atmosphere serves a specific function. In
particular, carbon dioxide (CO
₂
) acts like a blanket for our planet by helping to
regulate global temperature. However, according to recent data, approximately 35–37
billion tons of CO
₂
were emitted into the atmosphere in 2022 alone, a fact confirmed
by experts. Currently, the concentration of this gas in the atmosphere has increased
by 10–15%, and it is projected that by the mid-21st century, CO
₂
levels may rise by
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as much as 40%. As a result of such environmental changes, the Earth’s average
temperature has already increased by 0.8 to 1.0°C, and this rise is directly linked to
increased CO
₂
emissions. Year by year, global temperatures are increasing by 3 to
5°C. Since 1880, the concentration of greenhouse gases has grown by 30%, according
to hydrometeorological data. For instance, in Uzbekistan, despite the anomalously
cold winter of 2007, a decline in the number of extremely cold days has been
observed. In Tashkent, the number of winter days with temperatures below -10°C
was 27; in 1972 there were 29, in 1969 there were 37, and in 1930, 43 such days were
recorded. Due to global warming, the rate of sea level rise over the past 3,000 years
has increased tenfold. Recent experiments indicate that glaciers are melting at a rate
of 0.2% to 1% per year. A rise of just 1°C in global temperature is already causing
glacial melting in polar regions. According to expert analyses, the situation is
becoming increasingly critical. In the 21st century, the sea level has already risen by
10 to 90 cm, and in some regions, increases of 50 to 90 cm have led to the
salinization of drinking water sources and damage to coastal infrastructure. Experts
warn that rising sea levels may soon become one of humanity's most pressing
challenges. If glaciers in Greenland and the polar regions melt entirely, ocean levels
could rise by up to 7 meters, although this would take many years. For example, if the
temperature in Greenland increases by 5–6°C, ocean levels may rise by 3 meters over
the next 1,000 years; the complete melting of Antarctica could cause sea levels to rise
by 65–70 meters, though this, too, would take a long time. Nevertheless, human
activity is causing irreparable damage to Earth’s glaciers. If current trends continue,
serious harm to the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps is expected within the next 40–50
years. In Central Asia, glaciers are a major source of drinking water. However, due to
ongoing environmental issues, approximately 30% of glacier mass in the region has
already melted.
Such a rise in ocean levels would submerge a significant portion of the land
area. The Maldives, Oceania, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Western
Europe, and many other coastal regions would be flooded. On a global scale, an
increase in temperature by 1 to 2°C would push the natural zones of the Earth
towards the poles by 150 to 500 km. For instance, rainfall in desert regions would
shift to tropical climate zones, leading to an increase in rainfall in tropical areas.
The environmental situation often arises in relation to a single factor or
component. In Uzbekistan, the most significant issue in many large regions is the
pollution of water resources. The inability to use river water for drinking purposes
and the development of soil salinization when it is used for irrigation have led to the
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consumption of poor-quality water in areas like the lower Amudarya, lower Syrdarya,
lower Zarafshan, lower Kashkadarya, and other regions. This has resulted in the
spread of various diseases among the population. This situation is particularly severe
for infants under one year old and women, leaving long-term consequences. We have
formed the opinion that the greatest risks and threats may affect underdeveloped
countries, as they are likely unable to mitigate the impacts of global climate change.
During the summer season, moderate climates are typically observed in northern
regions, such as Russia, Canada, and Norway, where rising air temperatures are
intensifying concerns. According to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum,
more than 315,000 people lose their lives each year due to events triggered by climate
change. It is projected that by 2030, this number will reach 500,000. The primary
factor leading to death is global warming.
In one gram of soil, more than a million simple animals and lower plants can be
found. Climate change is directly impacting the plant and animal world ecologically.
As of today, over 30,000 plant species have completely disappeared due to climate
change. 25,000 plant species are on the verge of extinction. In other words, the rise in
temperature is disrupting plant adaptation, and they are unable to adjust to nature,
leading to their extinction. For instance, in the 1970s, some plants bloomed 8-9 days
earlier than usual, and since they were not yet ready to bud, they could not adapt and
certain species perished. In the southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona,
Colorado, and Utah, between 1953 and 1956, a rise in temperature combined with
severe drought caused 90% of the trees to die, and the dominant species of Ponderosa
pine in the region completely perished. This phenomenon is marked by a rise in air
temperatures above the minimum threshold.
Proposals and Recommendations:
As the environmental situation becomes
more complex, it resembles a chain reaction, where one problem leads to another,
causing an endless cycle of issues. At first glance, this may seem like one process has
no impact on another, but the mathematical theory of “chaos” clearly proves
otherwise. The chaos theory is also known as the "butterfly effect," where the flap of
a butterfly's wings on the coast can cause a storm on land. In modern scientific
research, mathematical and statistical methods are present in all fields, and these
methods allow us to predict future processes. The essence of this theory lies in the
sensitivity to initial conditions, meaning that even small changes can drastically alter
future outcomes. Therefore, the current environmental issues we are witnessing may
be caused by seemingly insignificant events, and if this trend continues, these
ecological problems could lead to environmental situations beyond our imagination.
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We can manage the current environmental situation if we wish and act together.
Today, humanity is armed with science and technology. However, the unfortunate
reality is that humanity still cannot unite. Currently, industrial sectors contribute
significantly to the most serious environmental damage. However, developed
countries are solving this problem by relocating their industrial enterprises to
developing or poor countries due to the worsening ecological situation in their own
cities and countries. It is a brilliant idea and a wonderful solution, but these countries
seem to forget that we all live on the same planet under one sky and in the same
atmosphere.
We can present several recommendations, which are as follows:
First and foremost, develop waste recycling globally and increase the current
recycling rate from 20% to 50% at the initial stage.
Declare a moratorium on deforestation and, over the years and in terms of
percentage, gradually transform desertifying areas into green spaces.
Elevate ecology to the level of state policy.
Equip industrial enterprises with high-tech equipment to reduce the level of air
pollution they cause.
Pay serious attention to biodiversity conservation.
Improve public awareness of water usage and promote the use of water-saving
technologies.
Create opportunities for industrial enterprises to recycle wastewater instead of
relying on constant fresh water sources.
In conclusion, the prevention of climate change and its consequences, as well as
the efforts to combat climate change, must not be delayed. Every passing day only
exacerbates the negative impacts. Preventing problems rather than solving them not
only provides us with time and financial benefits, but also helps to mitigate the
damage. If the proposed recommendations are implemented, the situation could ease
in the future, and only then can we analyze the situation and take further measures.
Humanity should not subdue nature, but rather work in harmony with it, as this
benefits both humanity and nature. After all, our shared home, Earth, is unique.
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