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Mokhinur Azizova, Student Sharipova,
Makhmuda Zoitovna, Scientific advisor UsZWLU Faculty of Lower Courses
ETYMOLOGICAL COGNITIVE APPROACH OF ABBREVIATION STUDIES IN
MODERN LINGUISTICS
M. Azizova, M. Zoitovna
Abstract. The emotional technique addresses unfathomable potential
for extra investigation, where the course of action and the total name of an
abbreviated structure should be seen as a scholarly method, some specific
mental errands, all through which dependent on the past data the request
for the new data happens which is pondered the level of new etymological
units occasion.
Key language: linguistic cognitive aspect, reduced lexical units,
abbreviation, formation of abbreviations.
Introduction. These days a large number of diminished lexical units are
utilized in various dialects. The best number of shortened forms showed up
in the late twentieth - mid 21st hundreds of years, for the most part because
of various different variables, for instance, the factor of the etymological
methods economy, which is planned for guaranteeing the greatest amount
of data transmissions one after another, controlled by improving the
informative job of the language and the boundless expansion of the Internet.
There are numerous disparities in the comprehension and utilization of
terms, for example, «shortening», «abbreviation», «acronym» and some
others, for instance, a similar term can be utilized by various analysts to
allude to the various sorts of shortened forms, or, despite what might be
expected, a similar kind of truncations demonstrated by various terms.
There happen various questions with respect to the phrasing utilized for
shorten. Each researcher, managing the issue of shortened forms, whatever
question he is ever inspired by, consistently starts the examination with the
meanings of terms. A few conclusions don't join, and some of them are
basically inverse. [1] There exist a specific number of terms to characterize
contractions: condensing, shortening, apheresis, defilement, introductory
truncations, sigles (Fr.), abbreviations, and so on.
In present day semantics there are various investigations in the field of
shortened form, yet decreased lexical units stay in numerous regards not
concentrated to the full in the etymological terms, in light of the fact that in
this setting it must be seen under a particular point, such basic issues as the
issue of the structure of a word and its significance, the issues of morpheme,
interpretation and transliteration, etc. This multifaceted nature is clarified
by the disparate perspectives with respect to the etymological status of the
diminished nominative units. In the most recent decade the issues merited
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specific consideration, despite the fact that the utilization of abbreviations
what's more, contractions has consistently been a point for study. O.S
Akhmanova in «The Dictionary of etymological terms» thinks about
truncation (the consequence of the procedure of contraction) as
abbreviated word, for example word, made out of truncated beginning
segments (morphemes) and a word (beginning kind of abbreviated words,
the abbreviation) shaped by including the underlying letters of the words or
on the other hand introductory sounds.
The issue of decreased semantic units as a particular marvel in the
cutting edge dialects draws in the consideration of numerous analysts.
These issues are talked about in various articles and a few works by Russian
and outside writers. Among the most point by point papers on these issues
the works by D.I. Alekseev, H.E. Voloshin, I.N.Ilyina, I.V. Arnold, I. Pyles, M.
Seagull, R. Wells, O. Jespersen and others. Unique consideration ought to be
given to the work by D. Precious stone. According to I.N. Ilyina, the term
«derivation» can be clarified in two different ways: from one viewpoint,
word-arrangement is an arrangement of techniques and methods for
development of new words as per certain models, and on the other, - is the
precept of the available resources of development of new lexical units just
as the word-developmental structure is as of now made words.
Notwithstanding comprehend the word-development process it is
important to recall that the word as the essential unit of language has a
complex semantic structure, diverse formal and semantic respectability and
the capacity to be chosen, or isolated, and imitated as an instant phonetic
unit. There is a procedure of diminishing the quantity of phonemes as well
as morphemes accessible language words or expressions without changing
their lexical and syntactic class, which delivers new nominative unit or a
variation of the first unit. For instance, the word promotion in the advanced
English language is spoken to by three shortenings: advertisement, adv and
advert. The subjective worldview of information has showed up because of
numerous accomplishments in the field of examination of discourse
intellectual procedures, explanation of ideas, for example, semantic capacity
of a human and its particular highlights in correlation with other
psychological capacities (memory, discernment, thinking, and so forth).
Concerning the mind boggling and differed methods of development of
abbreviations that make it more obvious a content, it ought to be noticed
that comprehension of shortenings is a specific issue, as a beneficiary ought
to have the foundation information, yet in addition the information on the
language. It is essential to see how contractions are framed, how they
identify with a total type of a sign, which is presented to the decrease, and
how they are decoded as far as mental procedures.
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As per Y.S. Kubryakova, the language itself as an instrument of
intellectual action and means for the execution of most of mental procedures
in the human cerebrum itself is firmly associated with all other
psychological capacities of an individual and continually requires exchanges
with different structures of information, giving their stockpiling in the
psychological dictionary and removing this information over the span of
different sorts of tasks with them. Thus, contraction is the «process of
making things of auxiliary assignment with the status of words, which
comprises in removing any direct parts wellspring of inspiration and which
brings about the presence of the word in its structure and reflects part or
parts of the source unit». According to this, the terms «acronym»,
«truncation», «reduction» ought to be considered as convertible terms. The
intellectual way to deal with the language originates from the assignment of
guaranteeing the comprehension of the information typified in the content
or discourse. The expansion of the old style approach comprises in the
express (if conceivable) bookkeeping and examination also non-
etymological variables impacting the comprehension to obstruct or
encourage it. In the awareness of the subject of discernment where
coordination of discourse and thought is satisfied, various discrete, yet
firmly interrelated intellectual activities occur. The human contact with the
world starts in the structure of recognition as one of the types of sexy
reasoning, which is «a direct impression of the item or marvel all in all, as a
lot of signs». [2] Thus, arrangement and translation of truncation, which is
an integral part of the procedure of discernment and comprehension of
discourse, in light of the arrangements of man as an arrangement of
preparing and capacity of data. Common comprehension of communicants
includes the convergence of their insight, specifically, communicated in
verbal structure. The communication of discourse and individual in the
plane of verbal information influences that each produced lexical unit, just
as read (heard) beneficiary completes in his memory a few affiliations
identified with the lexical unit, for example enacts one's intellectual
exercises.
The thesaurus of an individual isn't a total of segregated ideas, it is a
framework, components of which are here and there associated with one
another, abstract picture of the world in which thoughts and idea compare
to articles and classes of items and marvels of the real world, and the
associations between the ideas are an impression of the relations between
these articles and wonders. The thesaurus of a beneficiary never
corresponds totally with the thesaurus of a recipient.
Conclusion. Thus, the intellectual methodology speaks to extraordinary
potential for additional examination, in which the arrangement and the
complete name of a shortened form ought to be viewed as a psychological
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procedure, some particular mental tasks, over the span of which based on
the past information the classification of the new information happens
which is thought about the degree of new etymological units event.
REFERENCES:
1. Александрова, О.В. Когнитивная функция языка в свете
функционального подхода к его изучению // Когнитивные аспекты
языковой категори-зации. – Рязань, 2000. – С. 151 – 153.
2. Ахманова, О.С. Словарь лингвистических терминов / О. С.
Ахманова. – М.: Сов. Энциклопе- дия, 1969. –608с.
3. Гречко, В.А. Теория языкознания: Учеб.пособие / В.А. Гречко. –
М.: Высшая школа, 2003. – 375 с.
4. Словообразование в современном английском языке: учебное
пособие / А.Н. Ильина, С.Г.Кибасова. – СПб.: Изд-во СПбГУЭФ, 2012. – 90
с.
5. Кубрякова, Е.С. Когнитивная лингвистика и проблемы
композиционной семантики в сфере словообразования / Е.С.
Кубрякова // Известия АН.Сер. Литературы и языка. – 2002. – Т. 61, No
1. – С. 13–24
6. Dancygier, B. The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics.
Cambridge University Press, 2017.
Charos Khaydarova, A teacher of the English language, Kokand University,
TRANSLATION OF PROVERBS AND SAYINGS FROM ENGLISH INTO
RUSSIAN, AND ITS PECULIARITIES
Ch. Khaydarova
Abstract: The article contains a classification of proverbs and sayings
according to their meaning, usage and lexical composition, touches on the
reasons causing difficulties in translation. It shows the factors that affect the
translation of proverbs and sayings, the problems encountered in this
process and their solutions. The article emphasizes the importance and the
role of the paremic layer of the language, as well as definitions of proverbs
and sayings. It is worth noting that the recommendations that are given in
the article are both theoretical and practical. The article discusses proverbs
and sayings in accordance with the topic.
Keywords: equivalent, monoequivalent, polyequivalent, phraseological
unit, translation, grammatical plan, figurative plan, paremic layer.
Proverbs should be distinguished from sayings. In the dictionary of
Russian proverbs and sayings V.P. Zhukovby proverbs means short folk
