Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
57
Hurinisso Rakhmanova, independent researcher of the Department of
âSericulture and mulberry growingâ departmentâ, Tashkent State Agrarian
University
Nigora Sohibova, PhD student of the Department of âSericulture and
mulberry growingâ departmentâ, Tashkent State Agrarian University
THE ISSUES OF SHORTAGE OF FEEDING AREA DURING THE FEEDING
PERIOD THAN THE ESTABLISHED VALUES FOR THE AGE, AND THE EFFECT
OF THE FEEDING WORMS ON THE STALK AND THE COCOON WRAPPING
H. Rakhmanova, N. Sohibova
Abstract: In the country, where silkworm rearing seasons are carried
out, live cocoon farmers and specialized farms do not pay attention to the
use of environmental factors in the feeding area and the amount of feed in
accordance with the requirements of agricultural technology.
As a result, negative changes were observed in the development of
mulberry silkworms, as a result of which the cocoon yield from box 1 worms
was reduced to 34-44 kg compared to the comparative variant.
Keywords: Silkworm, feeding area, stalk, amount of feed, worm period,
viability, worm feeding, live cocoon, yield, variety, mulberry leaf.
Along with other branches of agriculture, silkworm breeding is carried
out using modern scientific and technical achievements and best practices.
Due to the transformation of peasant companies into farms in the country,
there have been significant changes in the agricultural sector. Growing
silkworms in abundant and variegated cocoons depends on the level of the
area where they are grazed. As the worms grow, their div grows larger and
requires an expansion of the feeding area. According to the rules of
agrotechnics (N.G. Bagoutdinov, 1984) silkworms in one box of the first age
(19 g), the second age, the third age, the fourth age and the fifth age will need
space of 0.5-2 m2, 3-6 m2, 8-12 m2, 15-25m2, 30â50 m2 respectively. If the
feeding area of the worms is normal and they are thinned from age to age
and the level is expanded, the productivity of the cocoon will increase and
the quality will improve. (I.X.Kholmatov, 1990, U.N.Nasirillaev, 1991,
N.A.Akhmedov, 1999, 2004, 2006). Therefore, the fact that silkworms
require a wider feeding area to provide normal nutrition as their bodies
grow physiologically as they age is one of the most pressing problems in
todayâs production environment. If this agrotechnical measure is not carried
out properly, the mulberry leaf that is given as a result of disturbance of the
feeding area will not be sufficiently watered and the silkworms will not be
able to feed evenly and become large and small. Due to the low amount of
leaves given to them on time, they will need to increase the amount of leaves
by 2-3 times if they are given 6-8 times a day. This, in turn, requires an
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
58
increase in the workforce. We all know that in the process of feeding worms,
people use the houses in which they live. With the establishment of farms in
all districts, the population feeds silkworms in their homes. Due to the lack
of special worm rooms, the demand for them is increasing year by year. The
area adapted for mulberry tree plantation is given for housing and other
needs, and it creates a number of difficulties in feeding worms as a result of
the removal of mulberries. For example, a building for feeding worms should
be made of baked brick or straw. At the same time it must be built in
accordance with the rules of agro-technics. Otherwise, due to the lack of
conditions for silkworm rearing in the homes of the population, the yield
and quality of cocoons is sharply reduced as a result of keeping one and a
half box of worms in a place where a half a box of worms can be stored, one
and half, two or two and a half box of worms in place where only one box
can be stored. The shrinking feeding area of worms leads to a decrease in
the amount of feed given to it and the worms become ill as a result of the
worms becoming larger and smaller without a uniform feeding. Although
scientific work has been done on this in the past, it has not been well studied
how much this process reduces cocoon productivity and how the
characteristics of the variety affect it. The characteristics of living organisms
are manifested under the interaction of genetic factors and environmental
conditions. Every animal or plant requires certain conditions for normal
growth, development and realization of its potential. External
environmental factors include nutrients, temperature, humidity, light, air
exchange and feeding area. These factors, individually or in combination,
ensure the growth and development of the organism and determine the level
of productivity of animals. The sensitivity of the animal organism can be
manifested even in normal and poor conditions of the external environment.
Temperature, relative humidity, light, air exchange, feed and feeding area
from external environmental factors are involved in the formation of
mulberry silkworm quantity signs. In addition to the factors listed for
silkworms, the level of worm feeding, provision of fresh air, protection of
microorganisms that cause various diseases of worms are also of special
importance for its normal development. It is important for the science and
practice of silkworm breeding to study the role of mulberry silkworm in the
normal growth and development, as well as the full manifestation of signs of
productivity, depending on the size of the feeding area from external
environmental factors. The figures in Table 1 show that the duration of
feeding of worms in the comparative variant (60m2 area) fed by the
required level of agronomic rules is 24.5 days, the feeding period of worms
fed in 50m2 area is 26.5 days, the feeding period of worms fed in 40 m2 area
is 29 days, The feeding period of worms fed on 30 m2 was extended to 31
days and the feeding period of worms fed on 20 m2 was extended to 32 days.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
59
These figures show that as the feeding area decreases, the worms lose their
thickened leaves, and as a result, the worms begin to grow larger and smaller
without being able to eat evenly.
Table 1
Influence of feeding area and amount of feed on silkworm feeding period
(feeding period), in days
Varietie
s
Ag
e 1
Ag
e 2
Ag
e 3
Ag
e 4
Ag
e 5
Tota
l period
(in days)
Ð
1
4
4
5
9
12
34
Ð
2
4
4
5
8
11
32
Ð
3
4
4
5
7
9
29
Ð
4
4
4
4
6.5
8
26.5
Ð
5
4
4
4
5.5
7
24.5
As the worms get older and older, they require more feeding space.
Failure to expand the feeding area to the required level will result in a
further reduction in the amount of leaves given to the worms and an
extension of the worm cycle, making the worms larger and smaller. As a
result, if worms fed in the normal way start cocooning in 24-25 days, the
emergence of worms with a feeding area of 20-30 m2 was detected after 31-
34 days. This in turn causes the worm feeding to be delayed on hot days and
the wormâs viability to be reduced. The fact that the feeding area is less than
normal has a negative effect on the temperature and humidity in the room.
It also has an effect on the emergence of worms in the cocoon. If a box of
worms needs 250-300 bales, it is obvious that the number of bales will
decrease due to the lack of feeding space. As a result, the cocoon wraps the
cocoon in the branches of the leaves, which are given to the cocoon-less
worms, and in the trees of the thrones, in short, in the place where it finds a
comfortable place. We have seen confirmation in our scientific work that the
cocoons wrapped elsewhere in the sap are in turn not of good quality. This,
in turn, has a negative impact on the total number and variety of cocoons
grown. The analysis of the results of scientific research on these processes
is explained in Table 2.
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
60
Table 2
Influence of feeding area and nutrient content on cocoon yield and average
cocoon weight.
Variant One box
( 19 grams)
Feeding area,
m
2
A cocoon crop
derived from a
box of
worms,kg
The average
weight of a
cocoon, gr
1
2
3
4
5
1
1-box
20
31,0
1,38
2
1-box
30
40,5
1,56
3
1-box
40
52,2
1,74
4
1-box
50
63,0
1,81
5
1-box
(comparative)
60
74,0
1,92
The data in Table 1 show that a sharp decrease in the feeding area and
the amount of feed given to the larvae during the worm feeding period
resulted in a decrease in the total cocoon size, 1 cocoon weight and 1 worm
cocoon yield.
Thus, in the experimental variants, the total amount of cocoons
decreased by 48-60% compared to the comparative variant, and the weight
of 1 cocoon was sharply reduced to 1.42-1.50 g. The feeding area and the
amount of food, along with the viability of the mulberry silkworm, affect the
cocoon wrapping process as well as the total number of cocoons wrapped
and its quality. Analyzing the experimental data, it was found that the
number of wrapped cocoons decreased sharply compared to the
comparative variant based on the change in the amount of leaves given on
the basis of the feeding area. In this case, the total number of cocoons in the
comparative variant of worms fed on 60 m2 was 90%, on 50 m2 - 82%, on
40 m2 - 72%, on 30 m2 - 60%, and on 20 m2 - 48 %. These figures show that
the reduction of the feeding area to 20-30 m2 for 1 box of worms leads to a
reduction in the total number of cocoons by 30-42%. These figures were also
observed in the number of varietal cocoons. At the same time, the number
of varietal cocoons decreased by 19-29%, while the number of non-varietal
and black cocoons increased by 20-30%. Normal expansion of the worm
feeding area has a positive effect on the yield and quality of the cocoon.
Conversely, silkworms injure each other with hooks on the false legs when
placed too tightly, causing disease germs to pass through these wounds into
the div. If you put a lot of leaves on a small area, a thick layer which covers
the worms will form. As a result, the passage of air between the leaves
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
61
worsens, the humidity rises and the worms get sick. As a result, the total
number of cocoons is negatively affected. The above data show that a sharp
decrease in the feeding area and the amount of feed given to the worm
during the feeding period also leads to a decrease in the total number of
cocoons, 1 cocoon weight and 1 box of worms. For example, in the
experimental variants, the total amount of cocoons decreases compared to
the comparative variant (by 48-60%), and the weight of 1 cocoon decreases
sharply (1.42-1.50 g). Therefore, in the comparative variant fed with a
normal feeding area and the required level of feed, 73.7 kg of crops were
obtained from 1 box of worms, this figure is 62.7 kg when fed on 50 m2, 52.2
kg when fed on 40 m2, 40.5 kg when fed on 30 m2 and when fed on 20 m2,
30.7 kg was harvested. This means that the fact that the feeding area is less
than the norm leads to a decrease in the cocoon yield from 1 box of worms
to 34-44 kg.
Table 3
Influence of feeding area and nutrient content on the quality of wrapped
cocoons.
Variants
Number
of
worms
taken to
be fed,
pieces
Total
wrapped
cocoons,%
Including;
%
Variety
cocoons
Non-variety
cocoons
Black-
spotted
cocoons
pieces %
pieces %
pieces %
1-variant
500
240
48
156
65 77
32
7
3,0
2-variant
500
300
60
225
75 69
23
6
2,5
3-variant
500
360
72
310
86 45
12,5 5
2,0
4-variant
500
410
82
369
90 37
9
4
1,5
5-variant
(comparati
ve)
500
450
90
423
94 25
5,5
2
0,5
Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19)
62
According to the analysis of the data in the table, the feeding area and
amount of feed, along with the viability of the mulberry silkworm, have a
significant impact on the cocoon wrapping process and the quality of the
cocoons wrapped.
The data showed that the number of cocoons wrapped in the feeding
area changed dramatically compared to the comparative variant due to the
change of location on the normative basis of silkworm feeding agro-technics
and a decrease in the number of leaves given.
In this case, the total number of cocoons of silkworms in the
comparative variant fed on the standard feeding area of 60m2 is 90%, on the
basis of 50m2 feeding area - 82%, on the basis of 40 m2 feeding area - 72%,
on the basis of 30m2 feeding area - 60% and on the basis of 20 m2 feeding
area found to be 48%.
These figures show that the reduction of the feeding area to 20-30 m2
per 1 box of worms leads to a decrease in the total number of cocoons by 30-
42%. In addition, the effect on the quantity of cocoons is observed, which
leads to a decrease in the share of varietal cocoons by 19-29%, an increase
in the number of cocoons without varieties and cocoons by 20-30% and a
decrease in cocoon yield.
Based on the analysis of the above data, if a box of worms is produced in
a comparative variant fed with a normal feeding area and the required level
of feed, this figure is 62.7 kg, when silkworms are fed on 50 m2, 52.2 kg when
fed on 40 m2, and 40.5 kg when fed on 30 m2, and 30.7 kg of cocoons were
obtained when fed on 20 m2.
Thus, during the period of worm farming, it was proved that if there is
lack of feeding area than the norm, this leads to reduction of yield obtained
from 1 box of worms to 34 - 44 kg.
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Internet Resources:
https: // WWW/google/csilk â moth
www/zoopicture/ ru shelkopryad
uclg/ru/ / 7 / lecture lektutovyieshelkopryad
givotnie/ com/ nasekomie / tutovej â shelkopryad
www .silkynight ./ rufactsofsilk/
u2rbo. com /tutovyiyâshelkopryad
Akylbek Tleumuratov, Aspirant at the Nukus branch of Tashkent State
Agrarian University
Ruzimbay Turganbaev, Scientific adviser, doctor of agricultural sciences,
professor of the Nukus branch of the Samarkand Institute of Veterinary
Medicine
THE QUALITY OF THE WOOL OF DROMEDARY CAMELS IN THE
CONDITIONS OF KYZYL-KUM
A. Tleumuratov, R. Turganbaev
Abstract: The article presents the results of a study of the quality of wool
of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum in the Republic of
Karakalpakstan depending on animal constitutions. The basic parameters of
the quality of the wool were studied, such as density, fineness, length of wool
fibers and conclusions have been drawn.