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MODERN METHODS OF DETERMINING THE GEODESIC STATUS OF
LAND RESOURCES OF FARM HOLDINGS IN KASHKADARYA
REGION
Axmatov Abutolibxon Ochilxon ogli
Independent researcher at Karshi State Technical University
abutolibakhmatov06@gmail.com, orcid: 0009-0009-5121-3114
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16568774
Abstract:
This article analyzes modern methods used to determine the
geodetic status of land plots of dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region. The
relationship between the accuracy of geodetic measurements, time and resource
savings, and land use efficiency is examined using studies based on space
monitoring, GNSS technologies, and digital cartography. Through these
approaches, land ownership, fertility zones, and land management in dehkan
farms are being carried out more clearly and transparently.
Keywords:
peasant farming, land resources, geodetic measurements, GNSS
technology, space monitoring, digital cartography, Kashkadarya region,
geoinformation systems, modern methods, land ownership accuracy.
Introduction.
Land resources are one of the most important strategic assets
in the agricultural sector of any country. In particular, the precise definition of the
legal and technical framework for land ownership, use and management is a
decisive factor in the economic activity of dehkan farms. Agricultural activity is
the main source of employment in the Kashkadarya region, where thousands of
dehkan farms operate. However, the lack of timely determination of the exact
boundaries, area sizes and geodetic coordinates of the lands owned by these
farms has been causing problems in practice. In recent years, the rapid
development of digital technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the
introduction of modern methods in cadastral and land surveying services, have
led to the expansion of the possibilities for accurate and rapid geodetic
measurements of land areas. In particular, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite
System), space monitoring, photogrammetric observations using drones and
digital cartography systems are used as effective tools for determining the
geodetic status of dehkan farms. This article analyzes modern technologies used
in determining the geodetic status of land resources of farmers' farms, their
technical advantages, level of accuracy and practical usefulness, using the
example of the Kashkadarya region. A comparative analysis is also conducted
between traditional methods and modern technologies, and recommendations
are developed for their implementation in real practice.
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Literature review:
Scientific research in the fields of geodesy and land
management shows that the use of modern geodetic measurement methods
allows for increased accuracy, reliability, and efficiency in land resource
management. In particular, S. Matrosov (2019) in his research focused on the
possibilities of accurately determining geodetic coordinates using GNSS
technologies, noting that these technologies are 3-5 times more effective than
traditional methods. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, however, research in this
area is based more on practical experience. The analysis conducted by Mavlonov
A. (2021) states that digital maps generated using modern geodetic devices (GPS,
total station) and programs (AutoCAD Civil 3D, ArcGIS) simplify the land
management and cadastral system in determining land ownership. Also,
according to the reports of the Uzdaverloyiha State Enterprise, since 2020, land
areas of dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region are being gradually digitized and
included in geoinformation systems. Reports of international organizations such
as FAO (2022) and GIZ (German International Cooperation Agency) recommend
the integrated use of satellites, orthophoto materials and remote sensing
technologies to increase coverage, accuracy and monitoring capabilities in the
field of geodesy in Central Asia. These experiences are also relevant for
Uzbekistan, in particular the Kashkadarya region. Also, as several local
researchers (Tukhtayev, 2023; Ganiyev, 2020) have noted, the poor quality of
existing geodetic work is leading to an increase in land disputes between dehkan
farms. To eliminate this, the introduction of modern measuring equipment and
technologies and the improvement of the skills of specialists are considered
necessary. An analysis of the literature shows that the introduction of modern
geodetic technologies in the identification and accounting of land areas in the
Kashkadarya region will not only increase accuracy and speed, but also ensure
legal certainty, efficient use of resources, and agricultural sustainability.
Methodology:
This study investigated the possibilities of determining the
geodetic status of land plots of farmers in the Kashkadarya region using modern
technologies. The main goal of the study was to practically evaluate geodetic
methods that ensure accuracy, speed and legal transparency in land resource
management. For this, 20 farmers located in the Karshi, Nishon and Yakkabag
districts of the region were selected. The selection was carried out taking into
account different land reliefs, land reclamation conditions and forms of use. The
determination of land plots was carried out in real time (RTK) using GNSS (Global
Navigation Satellite System) devices. Through this technology, the accuracy of the
land was recorded at the centimeter level, and the coordinates of each point were
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harmonized with national cadastral systems. In addition, photogrammetric
observations were carried out using drones and orthophotos of land plots were
prepared. Based on these images, a digital model was created, and land plots were
mapped onto digital maps using ArcGIS and AutoCAD Civil 3D programs, and their
surface and boundaries were calculated. The results of traditional geodetic
measurements (using a total station) were compared with data based on modern
technologies and analyzed according to the criteria of accuracy, time consumption
and cost-effectiveness. Many advantages of modern methods were identified -
including more accurate measurements, time savings and reduced dependence
on the human factor. During the study, the advantages of each technology, its ease
of use and the possibilities of its implementation in rural areas were studied. Also,
using quantitative analysis, the level of error of the obtained coordinates,
discrepancies between the boundaries of land plots and existing cadastral
documents were determined, and analytical conclusions were prepared based on
them. In general, the methodological approach made it possible to ensure high
accuracy and efficiency in determining land plots based on modern technologies.
Analysis and results:
The results of the study clearly demonstrated the
advantages of modern technologies in determining the geodetic condition of land
plots in the Kashkadarya region. Real-time measurements using GNSS devices,
orthophotos taken by drones, and land maps formed using digital cartography
systems significantly increased the accuracy compared to traditional methods. In
particular, in the measurements carried out in Nishon and Yakkabagh districts,
the coordinates determined using GPS-based RTK technology had an average
accuracy of ±3 cm, while in the areas measured using a total station, this indicator
was ±12–15 cm. This means that the accuracy of measuring land plots using
modern methods is 4–5 times higher. Based on the orthophotos taken using
drones, the relief features of the land surface, uneven zones, and the boundaries
of adjacent land plots were clearly shown. The surface, boundaries, and
coordinates of the land plots were analyzed digitally in the ArcGIS program. On
this basis, in 85% of 20 dehkan farms, a discrepancy of at least more than 5% was
found between the data recorded in the cadastral documents and the current
geodetic situation. In some cases, a difference of up to 0.3–0.5 hectares was
observed between the actual area of land used and the area in the document. This
situation was especially common in farms located in sloping areas. Measurements
carried out using modern technologies were more efficient not only in terms of
accuracy, but also in terms of time and resources. While measuring one hectare of
land using the traditional method took an average of 3–4 hours, this process was
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carried out using the GNSS RTK method in 30–40 minutes. The ability to cover 5–
10 hectares of land at a time using a drone is an additional advantage for large
landowners. The analysis also revealed that digital maps based on geodetic survey
results serve as reliable documents in processes such as precise determination of
land ownership rights, prevention of property disputes, and allocation of
subsidies and loans. This is an important factor in optimizing resource use in
dehkan farms, strengthening targeted land use, and environmental control. In
general, it has been practically proven that by using modern geodetic
technologies, it is possible to achieve accuracy, speed, and legal transparency in
determining the status of land plots in dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region.
Conclusion:
Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that in the
Kashkadarya region, the level of accuracy, efficiency and legal certainty in
determining the geodetic status of land plots by farmers is significantly increasing
through the introduction of modern technologies. GNSS devices,
photogrammetric measurements using drones, digital cartography systems allow
for the accurate recording of the actual state of land resources, allowing for the
identification and correction of errors in existing cadastral data. The study found
that, compared to traditional measurement methods, modern geodetic
technologies provide 4–5 times higher accuracy in measurements, reduce time
consumption by 3–4 times, and reduce errors due to the human factor. In
particular, digital maps are of great practical importance in transparent
determination of land ownership rights, fair distribution of subsidies for plots,
and prevention of property disputes.
Based on this, the following recommendations can be put forward:
1.
It is necessary to introduce regional programs to re-measure and
digitize the land areas of all dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region using
modern geodetic methods.
2.
It is necessary to organize ongoing training courses to train specialists
working on GNSS, UAV (drone) and GIS programs and to improve the skills of
existing employees.
3.
It is recommended to integrate digital maps created based on the
results of geodetic measurements between state cadastral authorities, banks,
insurance organizations, and farms through a single geoinformation database.
4.
It is advisable to develop a system for continuous monitoring of land
resources through drones and satellites and establish mechanisms for early
detection of salinization, failures, or illegal occupation.
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5.
When attracting agricultural investments, it is necessary to include
economic assessments based on geodetic maps determined using digital land
data.
As a result of implementing the above proposals and recommendations, the
efficiency of land resource use in dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region will
increase, ownership relations will become more transparent, and a solid
foundation will be created for the introduction of modern management
mechanisms.
List of used literature:
1.
Matrosov, S. (2019). Fundamentals of Geodesy and GNSS Technologies.
Moscow: Geodetika Publishing House.
2.
Mavlonov, A. (2021). Determination of land areas using modern geodetic
methods. Journal of Land Resources and Cadastre, 2(1), 45–52.
3.
Tokhtayev, M. (2023). The practical importance of digital cartography in
peasant farms. Journal of Innovations in Agriculture, 4(2), 60–66.
4.
State Land Cadastre Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2022).
Statistical report on the geodetic accuracy of land plots of dehkan farms in
Kashkadarya region. Tashkent.
5.
FAO. (2022). Geospatial Technology for Land Administration in Central
Asia. Rome: FAO Land and Water Division.
6.
GIZ Uzbekistan. (2021). Digital Tools for Land Governance and Rural
Development. Tashkent: GIZ Country Office.
7.
Ganiyev, S. (2020). The role of GPS technologies in determining land
resources. Journal of Science and Development, 3(3), 38–42.
8.
Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (2020).
Resolution No. PQ-4609 “On measures to digitize land resources and modernize
land management work”.
