Том 4 № 9 (2025)

This article explores the zoonymic lexicon found in Karakalpak and English proverbs, highlighting how animals serve as symbolic figures that convey cultural values, human traits, and social norms. By analyzing the representation of key animals such as the wolf, horse, and camel in Karakalpak proverbs, and the wolf, bird, and sheep in English sayings, the study reveals both similarities and differences shaped by each culture’s ecological environment and historical background. The article further discusses the role of zoonymic proverbs in cultural transmission and intercultural understanding. The findings demonstrate that while animal symbolism varies, the universal use of zoonymic imagery strengthens the connection between language, culture, and nature.

Bu maqolada trikotaj matolarini assortimentini kengaytirish uchun poliakrilnitril ipidan yangi paltobop lastik trikotaj to’qimalarining issiqlik saqlash xususiyatlari keltirilgan.

Ushbu maqolada qurilish mahsulotlarining raqobatbardoshligini oshirish masalalari yoritilgan. Mahsulot raqobatbardoshligining asosiy omillari sifat, narx, innovatsionlik, ekologik xavfsizlik va logistika tizimi kabi jihatlar orqali tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston qurilish sanoatining hozirgi holati, mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish yo‘llari o‘rganilgan. Muallif tomonidan qurilish mahsulotlari raqobatbardoshligini oshirish bo‘yicha bir qator taklif va tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan.

Мақолада ўлим билан боғлиқ йўл транспорт ҳодисалари келиб чиқишига сабаб бўлаётган омиллар, уларни имкон берган шарт-шароитлар ҳамда Ўзбекистонда ўтган йилларда содир этилган ўлим билан боғлиқ содир этилган йўл транспорт ҳодисаларининг таҳлил қилиниб, уларни имкон берган шарт-шароитларни бартараф қилиш омиллари муҳокама қилинган. Шунингдек йўл транспорт ҳодисаларини камайтириш, оғир оқибатлар келиб чиқишини бартараф этиш борасида фикр мулоҳазалар баён этилган. 

В работе рассматривается понятие сепаратно-гармоничности функций многих переменных по раздельным группам переменных. Исследуются оболочки сепаратно-гармоничности для областей. В частности, доказано, что область обладающего барьерными функциями на всюду плотном подмножестве границы, является областью сепаратно-гармоничности.

Вақтинча сақлаш хибисхоналари (ВҚХ) жазони ижро этиш тизимининг муҳим таркибий қисми бўлиб, ушбу муассасаларда гумон қилинувчилар ва айбланувчилар вақтинча сақланади. Бу жойларда жиноятнинг олдини олиш ва фош этиш муҳим вазифа бўлиб, ушбу жараёнларнинг самарадорлиги тизимнинг умумий хавфсизлигига таъсир қилади. Сўнгги йилларда ВҚХда жиноятлар сони ортиб бормоқда, бу эса мавжуд механизмларнинг етарли эмаслигини кўрсатмоқда. Ушбу мақола мавжуд муаммоларни таҳлил қилиш ва уларни бартараф этиш бўйича таклифлар беришга қаратилган.

Ушбу мақолада, соя ўсимлиги баргларида кечадиган транспирация жадаллигига хитозан нанопрепаратлари таъсири бўйича олиб борилган тадқиқот натижалари ҳақида маълумотлар келтирилган.

The article covers heart diseases in children, heart failure, white and blue thresholds, causes, signs and symptoms of diseases, as well as treatment, diagnostic methods and preventive measures.

Ushbu maqolada arab tilining dunyo tillari orasidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritildi. Nafaqat arab tilini o‘rganishda, balki chet tillarini o‘rganishda zamonaviy texnologiyalardan foydalanish dolzarbligi haqida keltirildi. Hozirda foydalanib kelinayotgan ilg‘or texnologiyalar va innovatsion yondashuvlardan misollar keltirildi. Ularning afzalliklari va ular orqali erishish mumkin bo‘lgan natijalar haqida fikrlar berildi.

oliy ta’lim muassasalarida talabalar mustaqil ta’limini tashkil etish va uni nazorat qilish, ushbu jarayonning mazmuni, tamoyillari va shakllari, ayniqsa sirtqi bo‘lim talabasi misolida mustaqil ish topshiriqlarining ahamiyati va metodik asoslari yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada O’zkistonning janubiy yerlari  Qashqadaryo va Surxondaryo viloyatlarining kelib chiqish tarixi , ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayoti ,ularning boshqa davlatlar bilan olib borgan munosabatlari haqida, shu o’rinda  vohalarning hozirgi kundagi o’rni va arxeologik yodgorliklari haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltiriladi.

This article highlights the specific role and importance of ensuring peace and cooperation in the current complex international situation.

This scientific thesis explores the essential skills and competencies required for success in the dynamic field of Public Relations (PR). It identifies and analyzes both foundational and emerging capabilities crucial for PR professionals in the contemporary communication landscape. The thesis delves into core communication skills, including excellent written and verbal communication, active listening, and persuasive storytelling. It also examines the importance of interpersonal skills such as networking, relationship building, empathy, and negotiation.

Ушбу мақолада, биологик соф маҳаллий биопрепарат  хитозан нанопрепаратлари таъсирида соя ўсимлик баргларининг юзаси кенгайиши аниқланиб, таҳлил қилинган ва олинган натижалар ҳақидаги маълумотлар келтирилган.

Mazkur tezisda moliyaviy natijalar auditining zamonaviy yondashuvlari, ularning ahamiyati va amaliy qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli texnologiyalar, xususan CAATs, sun’iy intellekt va blokcheyn asosidagi yondashuvlarning auditorlik jarayoniga integratsiyalashuvi yoritiladi. Shuningdek, xalqaro audit standartlari asosida audit sifati va ishonchliligini oshirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘zbekiston misolida moliyaviy natijalar auditi holati, muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi. Tezis auditorlik faoliyatini innovatsion rivojlantirishga qaratilgan takliflarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

Главная задача преподавателя – вызвать прежде всего интерес к своему предмету. Использование информатики представляет новые возможности для усиления практической направленности обучения математике.

Mazkur maqolada makroiqtisodiyotning zamonaviy sharoitdagi asosiy strategik yo‘nalishlari yoritilgan. Xususan, iqtisodiy o‘sish, bandlik, inflyatsiyani boshqarish, tashqi iqtisodiy muvozanat, fiskal va monetar siyosat, innovatsion rivojlanish yo‘nalishlari chuqur tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, O‘zbekiston misolida strategik ustuvorliklar ko‘rib chiqilgan.

This article presents an analysis of the development of prospective teachers' competence in lesson planning. In addition, the paper proposes pedagogical conditions for the effective use of web platforms in enhancing this competence among future teachers.

В статье комплексно рассматриваются научно-методические подходы к анализу текстов узбекских народных эпосов на основе компьютерной лингвистики и корпусной лингвистики. Узбекские народные эпосы, являясь важной частью национальной культуры, ориентированы на анализ их языковой структуры и содержательнoго богатства путем раскрытия лексических, морфологических, синтаксических и семантических особенностей языка. В исследовании рассматриваются процессы создания параллельного корпуса на основе текстов эпосов «Алпомиш», «Горугли», «Кунтугмиш» и других, оцифровка текстов и автоматизированный анализ с использованием современных программных средств. Корпусная лингвистика используется для глубокого изучения языковых особенностей, стилистических стилей и культурного значения эпических текстов. В то же время в исследовании подчеркивается роль цифровых технологий в сохранении, анализе и продвижении эпосов на международном уровне. Статья призвана наметить направления будущих исследований и закрепить место эпосов узбекской литературы в мировых лингвистических исследованиях.

Ushbu maqolada milliy va jahon valyuta tizimining mazmuni, shakllanish bosqichlari hamda ularning iqtisodiy munosabatlardagi o‘rni o‘rganilgan. Valyutaning turlari, almashinuv kursi, konvertatsiya darajalari, valyuta bozorining funksiyalari va xalqaro moliyaviy tashkilotlarning valyuta tizimidagi roli tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, zamonaviy jahon iqtisodiyotida valyuta tizimi qanday muammolar bilan duch kelayotgani va raqamli valyutalarning rivojlanishi dolzarb masala sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi.

Ushbu maqolada buxgalteriya hisobida hujjatlashtirish tushunchasi, uning mohiyati, hujjatlarning turlari, shakllari va yuritilish tartibi o‘rganiladi. Buxgalteriya hujjatlari xo‘jalik operatsiyalarini asoslash, moliyaviy axborotni tasdiqlash va hisobotlar tayyorlashda muhim manba sifatida xizmat qiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada zamonaviy texnologiyalar ta’sirida hujjatlashtirish jarayonida yuz berayotgan o‘zgarishlar, raqamli hujjat aylanishi va avtomatlashtirilgan tizimlarining afzalliklari tahlil qilinadi.

Maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasining xalqaro iqtisodiy munosabatlar sohasida olib borayotgan islohotlari, tashqi savdo aloqalari, xorijiy investitsiyalar oqimi va iqtisodiy integratsiya jarayonlari tahlil qilinadi. Xalqaro tashkilotlar bilan hamkorlik, erkin savdo hududlariga qo‘shilish, va ikki tomonlama hamda ko‘p tomonlama kelishuvlar mamlakat iqtisodiyotiga qanday ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatayotgani yoritiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada mavjud muammolar va istiqboldagi rivojlanish yo‘nalishlariga ham e’tibor qaratiladi.

Кровотечение, вызванное травмой или хирургическим вмешательством, является серьезной проблемой для здоровья, а неконтролируемое кровотечение может привести к смерти. Поэтому разработка безопасных, эффективных и удобных гемостатических материалов важна. Активные гемостатические средства, используемые в настоящее время для исследования гемостаза, делятся на четыре широкие категории: природные полимеры, синтетические полимеры, неорганические материалы и металлсодержащие материалы. Гемостатические материалы готовят в различных формах для ухода за ранами на основе используемых активных ингредиентов. Эти материалы включают нановолокна, гели, губки и наночастицы.

Endometriosis, which affects up to 10% of women of reproductive age, is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It is more common in women with pelvic pain or infertility. Some women have asymptomatic endometriosis, while others show symptoms such as debilitating pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and lack of pregnancy.

Maqolada boshlang‘ich sportchilarga stol tennisi texnikasini o‘rgatishning samarali usullari muhokama qilinadi. Asosiy texnikalarni o‘zlashtirish bosqichlari (forehand, backhand, qabul qilish, aylanish) tahlil qilinib, 10 nafar sportchi ishtirokida o‘tkazilgan eksperimental tadqiqot natijalari keltiriladi. Taklif etilgan usuldan foydalangan holda darslarning samaradorligini chuqur tahlil qilish jadvallar bilan tasdiqlangan. Tizimli va bosqichma-bosqich o‘qitish usulining texnik ko‘nikmalarni rivojlantirishga ijobiy ta'siri haqida xulosa chiqariladi.

This article examines the enduring presence and transformation of literary archetypes in modern narrative practices. Drawing upon Carl Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious and Northrup Frye’s theories of mythological structures, it explores how archetypes function as universal cognitive and aesthetic tools that bridge ancient symbolic traditions and contemporary literary innovation. The discussion highlights the dynamic reinterpretation of archetypes in modern literature, where they acquire new meanings reflecting social, psychological, and cultural transformations. This analysis underscores the role of archetypes not only as expressive devices but also as vital connectors of collective memory and artistic creativity across time and cultures.

Mazkur maqolada soliq menejmentining mazmun-mohiyati, uning iqtisodiy tizimdagi roli, hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasida mavjud soliq boshqaruvi tizimini yanada takomillashtirish bo‘yicha asosiy yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, soliq ma’murchiligini soddalashtirish, raqamlashtirish jarayonlarini kengaytirish, soliq intizomini oshirish, hamda soliq siyosatida ochiqlik va shaffoflikni ta’minlash masalalari yoritilgan. Shuningdek, xalqaro tajribaga asoslangan holda soliq menejmentini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

This article discusses the significance of English language proficiency in the modern world. It explores the role of English in education, employment, technology, travel, culture, and globalization. The article emphasizes the benefits of learning English, both cognitive and professional, while also recognizing the challenges faced by non-native speakers.

The drying of the Aral Sea has led to one of the world’s most significant ecological disasters. In recent decades, efforts to stabilize the environment of the dried seabed have resulted in the emergence of a green cover composed of various plant species. This article examines the characteristics, ecological roles, and adaptive strategies of plant species colonizing the former seabed. Furthermore, it explores the significance of these plants in combating desertification, improving soil quality, and supporting biodiversity.

In today’s global society, foreign language proficiency is increasingly recognized as a vital component of holistic education. This paper explores the far-reaching significance of learning foreign languages, especially from the perspective of students in Uzbekistan. It analyzes the global demand for multilingualism, the role of foreign languages in higher education and employment, and the cognitive and social benefits. The use of technology and policy-level suggestions are also discussed to promote foreign language education effectively.

Uzbek law currently affords individuals broad privacy and personality protections – the Constitution guarantees “inviolability of private life, personal and family secrets, [and] protection of honor and dignity” – and the Civil Code lists the “right to an image” among non‑property personal rights that are inalienable. At the same time, Uzbekistan’s Copyright Law (LRU-42/2006) grants photographers and other creators exclusive control over their visual works. However, no dedicated statute clarifies how these interests interact. As one analysis notes, Article 99 of the Civil Code declares the image right “inalienable and inviolable”, but the law “does not stipulate whether a citizen’s permission is required in order to photograph him/her” or how photos taken in public may be used. In practice, this gap means a photographer might hold valid copyright in a portrait while the depicted person claims a personal right to control that image – a conflict left unresolved by current law.

Ushbu ilmiy ishda zamonaviy bank tizimida elektron pullarning hisobi va ularni auditdan o‘tkazish mexanizmlarining holati o‘rganiladi. Raqamli iqtisodiyotning jadal rivojlanishi sharoitida elektron pullar — elektron hamyonlar, raqamli to‘lov vositalari va virtual valyutalar — banklar faoliyatining ajralmas qismiga aylanmoqda. Shu bilan birga, ularni buxgalteriya hisobida to‘g‘ri aks ettirish, xavfsizligini ta'minlash va shaffof audit jarayonlarini tashkil etish dolzarb masalaga aylangan. Tadqiqotda O‘zbekiston tijorat banklarida elektron pullar bilan bog‘liq buxgalteriya hisobining huquqiy va amaliy asoslari, xalqaro tajriba, ichki nazorat tizimining samaradorligi hamda audit amaliyoti tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, elektron tranzaksiyalarni real vaqt rejimida nazorat qilish, sun’iy intellekt vositalaridan foydalanish, xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlariga (IFRS) mos tizimlarni joriy etish bo‘yicha takliflar ishlab chiqiladi. Ish natijalari elektron pullar muomalasining ishonchliligini oshirish, moliyaviy hisobotlarning aniqligini ta’minlash va auditori nazorat samaradorligini kuchaytirishga qaratilgan.

The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) represents one of the most significant international initiatives aimed at eliminating conflict diamonds from the global diamond trade. Established in 2003 based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56, the KPCS fundamentally transformed the diamond industry by implementing a comprehensive certification system designed to prevent rough diamonds from financing armed conflicts against legitimate governments. This article examines the history, structure, effectiveness, and ongoing challenges of the Kimberley Process, analyzing its impact on global diamond trade and its role in ensuring peace and security.

The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) represents one of the most significant international initiatives aimed at eliminating conflict diamonds from the global diamond trade. Established in 2003 based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56, the KPCS fundamentally transformed the diamond industry by implementing a comprehensive certification system designed to prevent rough diamonds from financing armed conflicts against legitimate governments. This article examines the history, structure, effectiveness, and ongoing challenges of the Kimberley Process, analyzing its impact on global diamond trade and its role in ensuring peace and security.

В данной статье анализируется современное состояние рынка цифровых банковских услуг в Узбекистане, существующая инфраструктура, уровень внедрения инновационных технологий и их влияние на финансовый сектор. Рассматривается деятельность ведущих коммерческих банков в области мобильных приложений, QR-платежей, онлайн-кредитования и систем дистанционного обслуживания клиентов. Также приводятся научные выводы о факторах, влияющих на развитие цифровых банковских услуг, существующих проблемах и перспективных направлениях. Результаты исследования будут способствовать разработке практических рекомендаций по дальнейшему совершенствованию сектора цифровых банковских услуг.

Tillar ko'pincha boshqa madaniyatlarga kirish eshigi hisoblanadi. Shunday qilib, til o'rganish o'qituvchilarga o'quvchilarga lingvistik kompetentsiyadan tashqari, madaniyatlararo kompetentsiyalarini rivojlantirishga yordam berish uchun ko'plab imkoniyatlarni beradi. Til o'rgatishning madaniyatlararo jihati o'quvchilarni boshqa madaniyat vakillari bilan muloqotga tayyorlaydi. Shuningdek, u o'quvchilarning boshqa madaniyatdagi odamlarni, ko'pincha turli fikrlar, qadriyatlar va xatti-harakatlarga ega bo'lgan shaxslar sifatida tushunish va qabul qilish qobiliyatini rivojlantiradi. Ushbu maqola madaniyatlararo kompetentsiya bo'lajak chet tili o'qituvchilarining kasbiy kompetentsiyasining ajralmas qismiga aylanishi mumkinligini ko'rsatadi.

Ushbu tadqiqot bolalar zo‘ravonligining kelib chiqish sabablari, unga qarshi kurashish uchun amalga oshirilayotgan chora-tadbirlarni, bolalar huquqlarini himoya qilinishining huquqiy jihatlarini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Maqolada statistik ma`lumotlar asosida bolalar zo‘ravonligi bugungi kunda global darajada ortib borayotgani o‘rganib chiqilib, bolalar zo‘ravonligi tushunchasi, turlari, ularning kelib chiqishi, ularga qarshi kurashish, xalqaro darajadagi hujjatlarda belgilangan normalar asosida bolalar huquqlarini ta`minlash hamda O‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonunchiligiga kiritilgan yangi normalar asosida zo‘ravonlikdan himoya qilinish usullari tahlil qilingan.

Ushbu maqolada dirijyorlik san’atining ta’limdagi o‘rni nechog’lik muhim ahamiyat kasb etishi haqida fikr-mulohazlar yurutilgan. Shuningdek, dirijyorning ijodiy faoliyat jarayoni haqida ham batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan.

This article analyzes modern methods used to determine the geodetic status of land plots of dehkan farms in the Kashkadarya region. The relationship between the accuracy of geodetic measurements, time and resource savings, and land use efficiency is examined using studies based on space monitoring, GNSS technologies, and digital cartography. Through these approaches, land ownership, fertility zones, and land management in dehkan farms are being carried out more clearly and transparently.

Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek tilshunosligida bogʻdorchilik sohasining uzumchilik terminlarini o‘rganish jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan asosiy tahlil metodlari, leksik-semantik, morfologik, etimologik, stilistik, dialektologik yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu metodlar orqali soha terminlarining lug‘aviy, strukturaviy, mintaqaviy va uslubiy xususiyatlarini aniqlash imkoniyati yaratiladi.

This article examines the theme of identity in Theodore Dreiser’s novel Sister Carrie through the lens of literary naturalism. It argues that Dreiser presents identity not as a fixed or inherent trait but as a product of environmental forces, social conditions, and unconscious desires. By tracing Carrie Meeber’s transformation from a naïve country girl to a stage actress, the article explores how her sense of self is shaped—and fragmented—by the urban landscape, economic pressures, and emotional disillusionment. The study reveals how Dreiser’s naturalist vision deconstructs the myth of individual autonomy, illustrating instead a model of identity that is contingent, unstable, and deeply intertwined with the forces of modernity.

Qaraqalpaq xalqınıń  neshe mıń ásirlerden beri miyras bolıp kiyatırǵan “Edige” dástanı búginge kúnge shekem hár tárepleme izertlenildi. Biz bul maqalamızda bolsa, usı dástan tilinde qolllanılǵan toponimler haqqında izertlew júrgizdik. Ásirese, dástanda toponimlerdiń quramında úyreniliwshi etnotoponimler, oykonimler, gidronimlerdiń jiyi qollanılǵanınıń gúwası boldıq.

This article examines the definition, nature, and function of globalisation in contemporary society, highlighting how the advancement of information technology and the internet has sped up the process and raised the bar for interactions between different nations and peoples. It is also mentioned that globalisation is a complicated process that creates worldwide problems like terrorism, drug trafficking, and organised crime in addition to being an opportunity. The article highlights both the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation while conducting a scientific analysis of its effects on the political, economic, cultural, and social domains.

Основой современной системы образования является качественная и высокотехнологичная среда. Ее создание и развитие технически сложны, но такая среда служит совершенствованию системы образования и внедрению информационно-коммуникационных технологий в образовательный процесс.

This article explores the concept and processes of micro-regional urbanization in the Republic of Uzbekistan. While the national average level of urbanization is close to the global average, there is significant variation at the district level. The study introduces the term “micro-regional urbanization” to describe localized urban transformation in rural districts, where urban infrastructure, economic activity, and socio-cultural change are beginning to emerge. Based on data from 163 districts, the study proposes a classification by urbanization level and economic specialization, offering recommendations for targeted regional development.

The Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) represents one of the most significant international initiatives aimed at eliminating conflict diamonds from the global diamond trade. Established in 2003 based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution 55/56, the KPCS fundamentally transformed the diamond industry by implementing a comprehensive certification system designed to prevent rough diamonds from financing armed conflicts against legitimate governments. This article examines the history, structure, effectiveness, and ongoing challenges of the Kimberley Process, analyzing its impact on global diamond trade and its role in ensuring peace and security.