SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
191
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF TYPES OF VOICE IN ENGLISH
AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Sharipova Bahora Odiljonovna
Teacher of Navoi state Pedagogical institute
English Language and Literature faculty
Inotova Marjona
Student of English language and literature faculty
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11299848
Abstract:
The aim of the article is to set out the need for studying passive
and active voices in English and Uzbek, as well as their translation from English
into Uzbek. In English and Uzbek language, the aim of this Article is to present an
overall classification of parts of speech, which are used as passive or active
voices.
Key words
: texts, teaching, passive voice, active voice, characteristics,
reader, grammar, structure.
Abstrakt:
Maqolaning dolzarbligi ingliz va oʻzbek tillarida passiv va faol
ovozni oʻrganish va uni ingliz tilidan oʻzbek tiliga tarjima qilish zarurligini
aniqlashga qaratilgan. Maqolaning maqsadi - ingliz va o'zbek tillarida gap
bo'laklarining umumiy tasnifini, passiv va faol ovozli tovushlarning
qo'llanilishini ko'rsatish.
Kalit so'zlar
: matnlar, o'qitish, passiv ovoz, faol ovoz, xarakteristikalar,
o'quvchi, grammatika, tuzilish.
Most people, when studying their own language or a second language at
school, are first introduced to grammar. That type of grammar is called
normative or prescriptive because it defines the role of different parts of speech,
and says what's a rule for "appropriate" use
1
. When people are said to have good
or bad grammar, the inference is that they obey or ignore the rules of accepted
usage associated with the language they speak.
Language - prescriptive specific grammar is only one way to look at word
and sentence formation in language. Other grammarians are interested
primarily in the changes in word and sentence construction in a language over
the years for example, how Old English, Middle English, and Modern English
differ from one another; this approach is known as historical grammar. Some
grammarians seek to establish the differences or similarities in words and word
1
Galperin I.R. Text as an object of linguistic research. Moscow, 1981.
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
192
order in various languages
2
. Thus, specialists in comparative grammar study
sound and meaning correspondences among languages to determine their
relationship to one another. By looking at similar forms in related languages,
grammarians can discover how different languages may have influenced one
another.
Still other grammarians investigate how words and word order are used
in social contexts to get messages across; this is called functional grammar.
During this investigation while translating the Passive Voice from English
into Uzbek we come across with the following grammatical difficulties:
1) Complete correspondence:
By complete syntactic correspondence is understood the conformity in
structure and sequence of words in word combinations and sentences.
Example: New school was built in 1992 - Yangi maktab 1992- yilda qurilgan.
2) Partial correspondence:
By partial syntactic correspondence in sentences is understood the
divergence in the order of words, omissions or partial substitution of parts of
sentences.
Example: It's forbidden to smoke here - bu yerda chekish man qilingan.
In the absence of correspondence the constructions have no formal
grammatical connection with the main parts of sentence, though these are
always a conformity between them. The degree of attendance of action or
conditions in predicative constructions determines the choice of complex
compound or simple sentences in translation.
In the English sentences the predicative construction which function as an
object is composed of a noun in the common case and an infinitive. In Uzbek this
construction corresponds to the word combination " Eshik ochilganini va
doktorni xonaga boshlab kirishganini" which carries out the same function
though there is neither structural nor morphological conformity; it is a word
combination expressed by a noun and participle. thus, an English predicative
construction when translated into Uzbek gets nominalized.
The term voice in the collocation with the terms active and passive means
something slightly different. The active voice is used in active sentence
structures. The subject in such structures is typically the agent. The subject in
passive sentence structures is typically the object of active sentence structures
and has a passive role, which means that it does not cause the action, but is
typically the “receiver” of it.
2
Rogova G.V. Methods of teaching a foreign language in high school. Moscow, 1991
SCIENCE AND INNOVATION IN THE
EDUCATION SYSTEM
International scientific-online conference
193
Example:
a) Mack attacked John. [active] - Mack Johnga hujum qildi.
b) John was attacked by Mack. [passive] - Johnga hujum (David tomonidan)
qilindi
Example is in the “active” because the subject, Mackis in relation with an active
role (the role of the agent). John is the one who performed the action.
Example is called “passive” because the subject, John, is associated with a
passive role (the role of a “patient”), because John was the one on whom the
action was performed.
The active and the passive voice and their occurrence. With respect to the
English voice, there are two types, as was already mentioned. The passive voice
consists of the auxiliary verb “be” and the past participle of a lexical verb
3
. The
past participle can also be referred to as the “passive participle”. The occurrence
of the passive will be considered in connection with tense and the type of
sentence (question and negative statement).
E.g.- Butter is made from milk. -
When was the telephone invented?
Active voice and Passive voice.
They will fix the car tommorow.
Ular mashinani ertaga tuzatishadi.
The car will be fixed (by them).
Mashina (ular tomonidan) tuzatiladi.
In conclusion, voice is the form of the verb which shows the relation
between the subject, the object and the doer of the action. We have compared
voices in three languages.
References:
1.
Galperin I.R. Text as an object of linguistic research. Moscow, 1981.
2.
Rogova G.V. Methods of teaching a foreign language in high school.
Moscow, 1991.
3.
Shakhova N.I. From the ability to read to the ability to speak. Moscow,
1972.
3
Shakhova N.I. From the ability to read to the ability to speak. Moscow, 1972
