Том 3 № 6 (2024): Science and innovation in the education system

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) stands as one of the most prevalent and debilitating complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), significantly impacting the quality of life of affected individuals. As a chronic microvascular complication, DPN results from prolonged hyperglycemia and vascular damage, leading to dysfunction and damage of peripheral nerves. This condition manifests through a spectrum of sensory, motor, and autonomic disturbances, with symptoms ranging from numbness and tingling to pain and muscle weakness. Additionally, DPN poses a considerable risk for complications such as foot ulcers, infections, and lower limb amputations, thus underscoring its clinical significance and socioeconomic burden.

Spondylodiscitis, a term encompassing vertebral osteomyelitis and discitis, represents a challenging infectious condition affecting the thoracic and lumbar spine. This pathology involves inflammation and infection of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs, leading to significant clinical implications. Understanding the impact of spondylodiscitis on the thoracic and lumbar spine is essential for appreciating the importance of improving its diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Эмотивность является важным аспектом художественных текстов, поскольку она позволяет передать эмоциональную составляющую произведения и вызвать отклик у читателей. Лексические средства языка играют ключевую роль в выражении эмотивности, поскольку они способны создавать насыщенные образы и передавать эмоциональную окраску текста. В данной статье мы рассмотрели различные лексические средства, используемые для выражения эмотивности в художественных текстах и исследуем их эффект на читателя.

This article explores the role of technology in enhancing students' creative abilities. The integration of technology in education offers numerous opportunities to foster and develop creativity in students. By utilizing digital tools for creative expression, collaboration platforms, gamification, augmented and virtual reality, coding and robotics, and personalized learning technologies, educators can provide students with innovative learning experiences that stimulate their creative thinking and problem-solving skills.

This article explores adverbial phraseological units in the English and Uzbek languages, focusing on their characteristics, classification, and cultural significance. Adverbial phraseological units are an essential component of language, providing nuances and expressions that enrich communication. Through a comprehensive literature review, this research examines the unique features of adverbial phraseological units, their idiomatic nature, translation challenges, and impact on cross-cultural communication. The article highlights the importance of understanding and mastering adverbial phraseological units in both languages to enhance language proficiency and promote intercultural understanding. By delving into the intricacies of these expressions, learners can bridge linguistic and cultural divides, fostering meaningful connections and mutual respect across cultures.

It should be noted that over the years of independence, a favorable investment climate has been formed in Uzbekistan; a wide system of benefits, preferences and guarantees to protect the rights and interests of foreign investors has been legislatively established.

According to summary data, the incidence of liver abscesses varies from 8 to 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, and the mortality rate ranges from 5 to 26%. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of patients with liver abscesses by improving the technique of local intra-arterial antimicrobial therapy. We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 83 patients with liver abscesses who were in the department of purulent surgery and surgical complications of diabetes mellitus at the multidisciplinary clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy from 2016 to 2023. In the first group, 5 complications occurred (6.0%): in 3 patients, biliary bleeding. 1 has a right-sided hydrothorax. 1 fatal outcome is the cause of the breakthrough of abscesses into the abdominal cavity and the addition of hepatic - renal insufficiency. The use of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of liver abscesses in combination with long-term intra-arterial catheter therapy is highly effective and in the future requires a more detailed approach to this method.

Mazkur maqolada shaxs ma'naviyati millat ma'naviyatining ajralmas qismi ekanligi, shaxs va millat ma'naviyatini shakllantirishda milliy qadriyatlar, urf-odatlar, adabiyot va sanʼat muhim o'rin tutishi, buyuk ajdodlarimizning millatimiz ma'naviyatiga qo'shgan fidokorona xizmatlari hamda o'zbek millati bilan boshqa millatlar o'rtasidagi ma'naviy-madaniy munosabatlar ko'rsatib o'tilgan.

Thіs artіcle hіghlіghtes a number of questіons that mіght arіse as develop our productіve skіlls assessment tasks. We begіn by suggestіng a number of task types that mіght be useful іn classroom.

Maqolada 1920-1924-yillar buxoro xalq sovet respublikasi matbuoti, “buxoro axbori” gazetasi, uning faoliyati, amalga oshirilgan ishlar, gazetaning ommaviyligi va o‘qimishligini ta’minlashda bosh muharrir said ahroriyning dolzarb muammolarga bag‘ishlangan maqolalari mazmuni, cho‘lponning nashr isho‘laridagi samarali faoliyati, gazeta nashrlaridagi tanqidiy, real hayotni tasviflovchi materiallar haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqola sun'iy intellekt (SI) texnologiyalarining rivojlanishida neyrochiplar, maxsus matritsali kuchaytirgichlar  va neyroemulyatorlarning muhim rol o'ynashini o'rganadi. SI tezkor rivojlanishda davom etar ekan, ushbu maxsus texnologiyalarning ta'siri va salohiyatini tushunish muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi. Neyrochiplar sun'iy neyron tarmoqlarini jismoniy ifodalash orqali hisoblash samaradorligini va tezligini oshiradi, bu ularni energiya cheklangan qurilmalar uchun, masalan mobil va IoT ilovalari uchun juda mos qiladi.

Maqolada talabalarning badiiy – obrazli tafakkurini rivojlantirishda ta’lim texnologiyalaridan foydalanishning o‘ziga xos ahamiyati, rivojlangan mamlakatlarda tasviriy san’at yo‘nalishi talabalarining badiiy va tasviriy fikrlash qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish maqsadida ta’lim sohasida qo‘llanilayotgan ta’lim turlari mazmuni, talabalarda ijodkorlik va innovatsiyalarni rivojlantirish yo‘llari haqida ilmiy asoslangan fikrlar hamda xorijiy tajribalar haqida so‘z boradi.

Bu maqola sun’iy intellekt sohasida qarorlar daraxti va uni kiritish algoritmi mavzusiga aloqador muhim ma'lumotlar takidlangan. Maqola qarorlar daraxti algoritmi va uni kiritishning maqsadlarini, tuzilishini, ma'lumotlar kiritish jarayonini, asosiy maqsadlarini, ma'lumotlarni qayta qarash jarayonini, natijalarini va ularning o'zlariga oid muhim nuqtalarini o'z ichiga oladi. Bu ma'lumotlar analitikasi sohasidagi qaror qabul qilishning asosiy asoslari bilan tanishish va ularni amaliyotda foydalanishga yordam beradi. Maqola o'quvchilarni qarorlar daraxti mavzusida bilim olishga qiziqtirishga xizmat qiladi va ularning ma'lumotlar analitikasi va qaror qabul qilish jarayonlarini tushunishiga olib keladi.

Ushbu maqola dasturlashda ko'p uchraydigan tushunchalardan biri bo'lgan berilganlarni o'zgartirish operatori haqida to'liq ma'lumot beradi. Maqola operatorning asosiy vazifalari, turli dasturlash tillarida qo'llanilishi va amaliy misollar orqali tushuntiriladi. Shuningdek, berilganlarni o'zgartirish operatorining samaradorligi va dasturlashdagi ahamiyati ko'rib chiqiladi.

Цирроз печени – одна из важнейших причин смертности во многих регионах мира и в нашей стране. Известно, что у пациентов с циррозом печени нарушения функции сердца, систолическая/диастолическая дисфункция и электрофизиологические аномалии.

The article deals with the pragmatic sides of the symbol text language. It states that each type of communication needs some information for intercourse as well as virtual communication. The virtual communication is realized through some language means either a written or a verbal form. The article mainly underlines the importance of new communication means such as symbol texts in the written discourse and gives some information about the origin of the term too. The author uses some symbols in some situations and explains their pragmatic meanings in the contexts. The article drew the attention to the terms used by Saussure F.de., such as signifier and signified. It states that the signs are considered to play a crucial role in the pragmatic sides of the symbol text language.

Термин горючие ископаемые или ископаемое топливо относится к органическим остаткам растений, заключенным в осадочных породах. Все живые организмы построены из клеток. В любой из них можно различить клеточную оболочку и клеточное содержимое. Последнее включает в себя углеводы, протеины, жиры, масла, нередко другие вещества, например, холестерин, хлорофилл, ферменты. Стенки клеток построены, как правило, из целлюлозы, которая в некоторых растениях (например, древесных) инкрустирована лигнином. Чем проще организовано растение, тем больше относительное содержание в нем клеточного содержимого. В высокоразвитых растениях вещества клеточной оболочки в процентном отношении преобладают над содержимым клеток.

Ushbu maqola klasterlash metodlari va ularning turli sohalarda qo'llanilishini tahlil etadi. Klasterlash - bu ma'lumotlar to'plamini o'xshashlik yoki masofa asosida bir-biriga yaqin guruhlarga ajratish jarayoni. Bizning tadqiqotimiz klasterlashning o'rtacha algoritmi, maksimum masofa algoritmi, ISODATA algoritmi va maksimallashtirishni kutish algoritmi kabi asosiy usullariga qaratilgan. Har bir algoritmning matematik asoslari, afzalliklari va cheklovlari ko'rib chiqiladi, shuningdek ularning amaliy dasturlari misollar orqali tushuntiriladi.

Age-related characteristics of 1-year-old larvae of turnip moth were studied. The changes that occur in the body parts of the worm after hatching and until the end of the 1st year or the time of hatching are described.

Jahon miqyosida barqaror ta`lim taraqqiyotni ta`minlovchi asosiy omil sifatida e`tirof etilib, ta`lim muassasalarida ta`lim sifati va samaradorligi alohida ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Yunesko tomonidan qabul qilingan 2030-yilgacha belgilangan xalqaro ta`lim konsepsiyasida  ''Ta`lim-taraqqiyotning asosiy xarakatlantiruvchi kuchi va barqaror rivojlanish maqsadga yetkazuvchi muhim foliyat ", deb e`tirof etilgan[1]. Albatta, ilm-ma’rifat insonni komolotga va ulug‘likka eltuvchi muhim vosita hisoblanadi. Ta’lim jarayoni murakkab jarayon bo‘lib unda ta’lim beruvchilar va oluvchilar aniq maqsadga yo‘nalgan holda, ta’lim olish jarayonini tizimli, muntazam, izchil va uzviy tarzda tashkil etilishini talab qiladi.

В статье рассматриваются определенные сложности освоения учащимися некоторых грамматических категорий русского языка - одного из самых сложных в мире. Показаны основные особенности родного языка учащихся, затрудняющие освоение изучаемого (русского) языка.

Данная статья анализирует лексический аспект преподавания русского языка как иностранного в школьной среде. Исследование охватывает различные методы и подходы к обучению лексике, включая семантические и морфологические аспекты, а также стратегии расширения словарного запаса и углубления понимания лексических единиц.

Saadi Shirazi, also known as Sheikh Saadi, was a Persian poet and prose writer of the medieval period. His works have transcended time and geography, influencing literature and thought across the world. This article explores the life, works, and legacy of Saadi Shirazi, shedding light on his contributions to literature, ethics, and humanism. The article provides a comprehensive overview of Saadi Shirazi’s life, works, and legacy, drawing on both primary and secondary sources to offer readers a deeper understanding of this influential poet and thinker.

Elektron ta’limni tashkil qilishning texnik asoslari avvallo zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalari bilan bog‘liq. Ta’limni axborotlashtirishning eng muhim vazifalaridan biri – mutaxassisning axborot madaniyatini shakllantirishdan iborat boʻlib, uning shakllanish darajasi, birinchi navbatda axborot jarayonlari, modellar va texnologiyalar haqidagi bilimlari bilan belgilanadi, ikkinchidan turli faoliyatda axborotni qayta ishlash va tahlil qilish vositalari va usullaridan foydalanish koʻnikma va malakalari, uchinchidan kasbiy faoliyatda zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanish qobiliyati, toʻrtinchidan ochiq axborot tizimi sifatida oʻrab turgan dunyo aloqa tizimlaridan foydalanish.

Ushbu maqolada asosan Buxoro tumani sho‘rlangan erlarda olib borilgan ilmiy tadqiqot natijalari bayon etilgan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, hududda sodir bo‘lgan va bo‘layotgan salbiy jarayonlarni keltirib chiqaruvchi tabiiy va inson faoliyati bilan bog‘liq  omillarni o‘rganish, sizot suvlari chuqurligi, minerallashuvi va turli qatlamlaridagi tuzlarining umumiy va zaharli zahiralarini va shular asosida tuproqning hozirgi meliorativ holatini aniqlash, va ularni yaxshilashga qaratilgan chora-tadbirlar va tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan.

Ushbu maqolamizda maktabgacha yoshdagi  bolalar uchun o'yin faoliyatining ahamiyati  hamda    eshitishda nuqsoni bo'lgan bolalarga o'yin faoliyatini tashkil etish orqali ularni har tomonlama ruhiy, jismoniy va aqliy  jihatdan rivojlantirish hamda eshituv holatining buzulishlari orqali kelib chiqadigan nutq nuqsonlarini korreksiyalash  borasida olib boriladigan ishlar samaralari haqida yoritib berilgan.

В статье представлен водоудерживающая способность и морфологические особенности Вейгела ранняя. Показана, что наибольшая потеря влаги происходит в сентябре, поэтому растение признана для оценки водоудерживающей способности, а также утверждает засухоустойчивость вида.   Морфологические особенности - симподиальное ветвление, мочковатая корневая система. Цветет 20-25 дней. Бутонизация и цветение реагирует на погодные условия, плод-коробочка.

Sybase, kompaniyaning ma'lumotlar bazasi va analitik vositalar tizimlarini ishlab chiqarish va menejerlik uchun texnologiyalarni ishlab chiqaruvchi AQShli kompaniyadir. Sybase, ma'lumotlar bazasi tizimlarini boshqa tizimlar bilan integratsiya qilish uchun dasturlar, tizimlar va xizmatlar taklif etadi.Sybase, menejerlikjarlar uchun ma'lumotlar bilan ishlash va tahlil qilishni yengil va effektiv qilish uchun mahsus mahsulotlar taklif etadi. Bu tizimlar ma'lumotlarni amaliyotga aylanishi va menejerlikjarlarga tajribali qarorlar qabul qilishga yordam beradi.

This text discusses the importance of assessment in evaluating children's language skills, focusing on the distinction between assessment and evaluation, validity, reliability, and the challenges of language development. The research problem addresses the need for accurate and fair assessments to identify language difficulties in children. The aim is to highlight the significance of valid and reliable assessments in understanding children's language trajectories. The methodology involves a review of literature on language assessment, including indirect and direct screening methods, sensitivity, specificity, and formative versus summative assessment. The results emphasize the importance of fair assessment practices and the impact on children's language attitudes and motivation. The implications suggest that assessments should be tailored to individual learning needs to support language acquisition effectively.

Diterpenoid alkaloids are compounds found in plants that have been studied for their potential therapeutic effects. One such compound is karakoline, which has been shown to exhibit relaxant activity in various systems. Studies have found that karakoline can exert relaxant effects on smooth muscle, including in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and blood vessels. This may be due to its ability to interact with certain receptors or ion channels involved in muscle relaxation [1].

В статье говорится о типах идеографических словарей, об их возникновении, методологических принципах классификации понятий и, следовательно, характер расположения слов по алфавиту.

Pedagogical technologies represent a diverse and evolving field aimed at enhancing the educational process. By integrating these technologies thoughtfully, educators can create more dynamic, engaging, and effective learning environments. The successful implementation of these tools requires careful planning, support, and continuous evaluation to address challenges and maximize benefits. This article describes about the role of pedagogical technologies in teaching process.

Ushbu maqolada Agata Kristining "Murder on the Orient Express" va "The Murder of Roger Ackroyd”  asarlaridagi "jinoyat" konseptini ifodalovchi leksik ekspressiv vositalar ko'rib chiqilgan. Jumladan, jinoyatchi, jabrlanuvchi, jinoyat va qotillik so’zlarining bir qator sinonimlari va kontekstual sinonimlari aniqlangan. Shuningdek,  tanlangan asarlardagi “jinoyat” konseptiga oid o’xshatishlar ko’rib chiqilgan. 

Modern information technologies are developing very quickly, and almost all information and data, as well as banking operations, are carried out in cyberspace. Although the goal of this is to make it easier for users and to create relief, the crimes and threats that are happening in cyberspace today call for vigilance.

This article delves into the complex history of translation, tracing its origins and evolution through various historical periods. Translation is defined as the process of transferring text from one language to another, with its roots in Latin and ancient Greek. The history of translation is categorized into four major periods: from BC to the 3rd century AD, from the 5th to the 15th century AD, from the Renaissance to World War II, and from post-World War II to the present day.

Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilariga folklorni o‘rgatishda integratsiyalashning ahamiyati, uning o‘quvchida ijodkorlik, aqliy qobiliyat, kognitiv qobiliyat va madaniy ongni rivojlantirishdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati va folklorshunoslikni yoshlar ongini qiziqarli hamda boyitish uchun pedagoglar qo‘llashi mumkin bo‘lgan turli pedagogik yondashuvlardan foydalanishga oid nazariy ma’lumotlar hamda tavsiyalar berilgan.

In the article, the author shares experience with leveled reading books, which she applies as intensive reading in class, especially at the initial stage of higher education. The right choice of level helps students overcome psychological barriers in mastering a foreign language.

The aim of the article is to set out the need for studying passive and active voices in English and Uzbek, as well as their translation from English into Uzbek. In English and Uzbek language, the aim of this Article is to present an overall classification of parts of speech, which are used as passive or active voices.

Polarіzatіon іs one of the four basіc physіcal propertіes of solar radіatіon. After the solar radіatіon  reaches  the surface  of  these medіa, іt reflects, scatters or refracts, and exhіbіts dіfferent degrees of polarіzatіon. We use Rayleіgh scatterіng model to get the sіmulatіon results of the sky polarіzatіon fіeld. We use polarіzed fіsheye camera  to  collect  the  sky  polarіzatіon  іmage,  and calculate the dіstrіbutіon pattern of DOLP (degree of lіnear  polarіzatіon)  and  AOLP  (azіmuth  of  lіnear  polarіzatіon) of the skylіght.

In this article about comments about the managerial activities and competencies of a tutor are described. The article organizes the competencies specific to the leader in "Management psychology" and improves the tutor's competencies in managerial activities.