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THE CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA SUB SP. CAPITATA L)
ROOT AND RHIZOSPHERE SOIL PHYTONEMATODES
Geldiyorova M.T.
Aramova G.B.
Master's degree student at the National University of Uzbekistan
Teacher at Termez State University
aramova.gulhayo@mail.ru
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14723244
Introduction.
Protecting agricultural crops from various pests and diseases
and identifying harmful organisms are among the most pressing issues
worldwide. The demand for high-yield, high-quality, and export-oriented
agricultural products continues to grow daily. Among cultivated vegetables,
cabbage holds a significant place due to its richness in vitamins. However,
cabbage crops are affected by various pests and parasites, causing damage as a
result of their impact. Phytonematodes are also among the parasites that affect
cabbage. Therefore, identifying the species composition of cabbage
phytonematodes and analyzing their population density in the soil hold
significant scientific and practical importance.
Research Method
In January 2025, research samples were collected from
cabbage (Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata L.) agrocenoses belonging to “Agro
Gold Premium” LLC, located in the Ko‘ksoy neighborhood citizens’ assembly,
Nuriston town, Nishon district, Kashkadarya region. The route method was used
for sample collection [2]. To collect samples from the cabbage plant, the area
around the plant’s roots was excavated to a depth of 20 cm and a width of 25 cm,
separating the roots and soil. From the rhizosphere soil, 200–250 grams of soil
was collected. Using this method, 10 samples each were taken from stems,
leaves, roots, and rhizosphere soil, totaling 30 samples.
The plant and soil samples collected in the field were placed separately into
polyethylene bags and labeled with identification tags. The collected samples
were transported to the laboratory, where soil particles adhering to the
vegetative parts of the plants were washed off with tap water. To extract
nematodes from the cabbage stem, leaves, roots, and rhizosphere soil samples,
the Baermann funnel technique was employed [1]. Permanent and temporary
slides were prepared to identify the species of nematodes, and their taxonomy
was determined.
Reults.
As a result of our research, 27 species of phytonematodes were
identified in the organs of cabbage plants and their rhizosphere soils. The
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classification of the identified phytonematodes was based on the systems
proposed by B. Chitwood [3] and M.A. De Ley and Blaxter [4]. According to this
system, the 27 species of phytonematodes detected in cabbage belong to the
phylum Nematoda (Nematodes) and are categorized into 2 classes
(Adenophorea and Secernentea), 4 subclasses (Enoplia, Chromadoria, Rhabditia,
and Diplogastria), 7 orders, 17 families, and 22 genera.
The class Adenophorea includes the subclasses Enoplia and Chromadoria,
while the class Secernentea comprises the subclasses Rhabditia and
Diplogastria. The subclass Enoplia includes the orders Triplonchida and
Dorylaimida, whereas the subclass Chromadoria encompasses the orders
Monhysterida and Araeolaimida. Similarly, the subclass Rhabditia includes the
order Rhabditida, and the subclass Diplogastria includes the order Tylenchida.
ur research analyzed the nematodes identified, categorizing them by order
as follows:
Order Triplonchida consisted of 1 family (Prismatolaimidae), 1 genus
(Prismatolaimus), and 1 species (Prismatolaimus dolichurus).
Order Dorylaimida included 4 families (Dorylaimidae, Qudsianematidae,
Diphterophoridae, and Alaimidae), 4 genera (Mesodorylaimus, Eudorylaimus,
Diphtherophora, and Alaimus), and 6 species (Mesodorylaimus bastiani,
Eudorylaimus centrocercus, E. pratensis, Diphtherophora communis, D. obesus,
and Alaimus primitivus).
Order Mononchida comprised 1 family (Mononchidae), 1 genus (Clarcus),
and 1 species (Clarcus papillatus).
Order Monhysterida contained 1 family (Monhysteridae), 1 genus
(Monhystera), and 1 species (Monhystera paludicola).
Order Araeolaimida consisted of 1 family (Plectidae), 1 genus (Plectus), and
1 species (Plectus cirratus).
Order Rhabditida included 4 families (Rhabditidae, Mesorhabditidae,
Cephalobidae, and Panagrolaimidae), 8 genera (Rhabditis, Mesorhabditis,
Cephalobus, Panagrolaimus, Acrobeles, Acrobeloides, Chiloplacus, and
Cervidellus), and 10 species (Rhabditis brevispina, Mesorhabditis monhystera,
Cephalobus persegnis, Panagrolaimus rigidus, Acrobeles ciliates, Acrobeloides
buetschlii, A. emarginatus, Chiloplacus bibigulae, Ch. symmetricus, and
Cervidellus insubricus).
Order Tylenchida consisted of 5 families (Aphelenchidae, Tylenchidae,
Hoplolaimidae, Psilenchidae, and Paratylenchidae), 6 genera (Aphelenchus,
Tylenchus, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Filenchus, and Paratylenchus), and 7
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species (Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus davainei, Ditylenchus dipsaci,
Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. multicinctus, Filenchus filiformis, and
Paratylenchus hamatus).
It is evident from the data that most of the identified species belong to the
orders Rhabditida (10 species, accounting for 37% of the total identified
species) and Dorylaimida (6 species, accounting for 22%). Representatives of
other orders were found in smaller numbers.
The distribution of nematodes in the organs of the cabbage plant and the
rhizosphere soil was analyzed. Two species of nematodes found in the leaves
and stems of the cabbage plant (Chiloplacus simmetricus and Aphelenchus
avenae) belong to 2 genera. In the aboveground parts of the plant, Aphelenchus
avenae was found with 13 individuals, and Chiloplacus simmetricus was found
with 1 individual.
From the root system, a total of 161 individuals were collected,
representing 11 species (Cephalobus persegnis, Acrobeles siliatus, Acrobeloides
emarginatus, Chiloplacus bibigulae, Ch. simmetricus, Cervidellus insubricus,
Panagrolaimus rigidus, Mesorhabditis monhystera, Aphelenchus avenae,
Helicotylenchus multicinctus, Paratylenchus hamatus), which constitutes 40.7%
of the total identified species and 45.1% of the total individuals. Among the
mentioned species, Aphelenchus avenae had the highest number of individuals
(100), followed by Cephalobus persegnis (17), Acrobeloides emarginatus (13),
and Helicotylenchus multicinctus (11). Species with 1-2 individuals included
Acrobeles siliatus, Chiloplacus bibigulae, Panagrolaimus rigidus, and
Mesorhabditis monhystera. Chiloplacus simmetricus had 6 individuals,
Cervidellus insubricus had 4, and Paratylenchus hamatus had 4 individuals.
Among the root samples of the cabbage plant, Aphelenchus avenae was the
most abundant species, with a higher number of individuals than other species,
making it a dominant species. On the other hand, Chiloplacus bibigulae and
Panagrolaimus rigidus were present in very low numbers, with only one
individual of each species found. Acrobeles siliatus, Chiloplacus bibigulae,
Cervidellus insubricus, Panagrolaimus rigidus, and Mesorhabditis monhystera
were found exclusively in the root part of the plant.
In the rhizosphere soil, 194 individuals of 22 species were identified,
accounting for 81.5% of the total identified species and 45.1% of the total
individuals. The nematodes found in the rhizosphere soil include: Monhystera
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paludicola, Plectus cirratus, Alaimus primitivus, Clarcus papillatus,
Prismatolaimus dolichurus, Mesodorylaimus bastiani, Eudorylaimus pratensis,
E. centrocercus, Diphtherophora communis, D. obesus, Cephalobus persegnis,
Acrobeloides buetschlii, A. emarginatus, Chiloplacus symmetrius, Rhabditis
brevispina, Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus davaineii, Filenchus filiformis,
Helicotylenchus erythrinae, H. multicinetus, Paratylenchus hamatus, and
Ditylenchus dipsaci.
Among the nematodes found in the rhizosphere soil, the species Chiloplacus
symmetrius (27 individuals), Rhabditis brevispina (32 individuals), and
Helicotylenchus multicinetus (80 individuals) were observed in higher numbers,
making them the dominant species. In contrast, species with fewer individuals
included Monhystera paludicola, Plectus cirratus, Alaimus primitivus, Clarcus
papillatus, Eudorylaimus pratensis, D. obesus, Acrobeloides buetschlii,
Tylenchus davaineii, Filenchus filiformis, Helicotylenchus erythrinae, and
Ditylenchus dipsaci, with only 1-2 individuals of each species observed.
The species Monhystera paludicola, Plectus cirratus, Alaimus primitivus,
Clarcus papillatus, Prismatolaimus dolichurus, Mesodorylaimus bastiani,
Eudorylaimus pratensis, E. centrocercus, Diphtherophora communis, D. obesus,
Acrobeloides buetschlii, Rhabditis brevispina, Tylenchus davaineii, Filenchus
filiformis, Helicotylenchus erythrinae, and Ditylenchus dipsaci were exclusively
found in the rhizosphere soil of the cabbage plant.
Our research identified 27 species of nematodes in the organs of cabbage plants
and the rhizosphere soil. The majority of these species belong to the orders
Rhabditida (10 species) and Dorylaimida (6 species), with representatives from
other orders being less common. The distribution of these nematodes varied
across different plant organs and soil regions. While the majority of species were
found in the rhizosphere soil, those present in the leaves, stems, roots, and
rhizosphere soil were primarily representatives of the genera Chiloplacus and
Aphelenchus. In the rhizosphere soil, the most widespread genera included
Eudorilaimus, Chiloplacus, Rhabditis, and Helicotylenchus.
References:
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2.
Парамонов А.А. Основы фитогельминтологии. – Москва: Наука, 1962.
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Chitwood B.G. The Classification of plant parasitic nematodes and related
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4.
De Ley, P. and Blaxter M. A. new system for Nematoda: combining
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