THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
68
LINGUISTIC AND PRAGMATIC APPROACHES TO NEWSPAPER
CLICHES IN MODERN
Khudoyberdiyeva Lobar Khusan kizi
University of Economics and Pedagogy
Foreign Language and Literature: English
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14636512
Abstract
: This article considers the issue of analyzing modern newspaper
clichés based on linguistic and pragmatic approaches. Newspaper clichés are
expressions that are repeated in a specific language and are widely used through
the media, which reflect the stylistic richness of the language and perform
specific pragmatic functions in mass communication. The article analyzes the
linguistic features of the use of clichés, their lexical-semantic structure, as well
as contextual and cultural factors. The research is aimed at identifying the
communicative functions of clichés in newspaper texts and highlighting the
strategies for influencing readers through them. The linguistic and pragmatic
approaches to this issue are studied in a comparative manner, and conclusions
are drawn based on the results of the analysis.
Keywords
: Newspaper clichés, linguistic approach, pragmatic approach,
communicative function, lexical-semantic analysis, media, stylistic means,
contextual influence, cultural factors.
Introduction
.
In modern society, the media have a great influence on shaping people's
way of thinking, decision-making processes, and everyday communication
methods. Clichés found on the pages of newspapers play an important role in
this process. They are recognized not only as recurring units of language, but
also as a unique means of communication. Clichés familiar to the reader serve
the goals of the media to convey messages in an understandable and educated
way. At the same time, they are a mirror of language culture and reflect national
cultural characteristics.
Newspaper clichés are often perceived as simple expressions, but they have
deep semantic and pragmatic layers. How do they convey the content in a simple
way and at the same time have an emotional impact? What is the significance of
their linguistic features and communicative functions? The study of these
questions is one of the current topics in modern linguistics and pragmatics.
Also, the use of clichés reveals the fine line between creativity and reliance
on ready-made templates in modern journalism. This essay aims to analyze the
linguistic and pragmatic aspects of the phenomenon of newspaper clichés, to
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
69
study their communicative capabilities and cultural specificity. At the same time,
it also sheds light on how clichés affect the human mind.
Newspaper clichés are an important linguistic tool in modern journalism
and mass communication. They are widely used because they are familiar to the
public, simple and understandable. However, behind this simplicity lie deep
pragmatic tasks. The main feature of clichés is that they convey a certain
meaning in a short and clear form, as well as have the ability to have an
emotional impact. For example, expressions such as “big step”, “sharp turn” or
“road to peace” not only convey the essence of events, but also evoke certain
images in the reader’s mind.
Clichés are lexical-semantic in nature, they often acquire a symbolic or
metaphorical meaning. Through them, complex events are presented in a simple
and understandable way for the reader. This serves the main goals of journalism
- to quickly and effectively convey information to a wide audience. Clichés also
reflect national cultural characteristics. For example, clichés found in newspaper
texts of different nations contain images and concepts specific to their cultures.
This, in turn, contributes to the upbringing of nationality in the minds of readers.
The pragmatic function of clichés is manifested in their ability to influence
the reader. They not only convey information, but also form a certain mood,
create an opportunity to evaluate events and indirectly express the author's
position. For example, through clichés used in political articles, the author can
“subtly” convey his view of a certain event to the reader. This shows what an
effective role newspapers play in forming the opinion of readers.
At the same time, frequent repetition of clichés can sometimes lead to a lack
of attention and a decrease in interest in the reader. This situation has a negative
effect, especially in journalistic materials based on creativity. Therefore,
journalists should be careful when using clichés, applying them in accordance
with the news. The correct use of clichés in newspaper texts not only ensures
that the information is meaningful and understandable, but also guarantees that
it will be more deeply absorbed into the reader's mind.
In the final analysis, newspaper clichés are of great importance not only as
linguistic units, but also as communicative tools. Their analysis allows us to
understand the subtle mechanisms of influencing readers and opens the way to
increasing the effectiveness of their use in modern journalism.
Literature analysis
A number of studies have been conducted in the field of linguistics and
pragmatics to study the phenomenon of newspaper clichés, most of which are
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
70
devoted to the lexical-semantic, stylistic and communicative properties of
language units. Outstanding scientific works on this topic shed light not only on
the role of clichés in the language system, but also on their social and cultural
functions.
Linguistic approaches are mainly focused on the structure and semantic
properties of clichés. Linguists such as M. Halliday and R. Hassan[2] explain the
contextual coherence of clichés and emphasize their communicative
effectiveness. In their opinion, clichés are important in creating a common
conceptual space between the reader and the writer. At the same time, the
studies of J. Lakoff and M. Johnson[4] on metaphors have shed light on the
symbolic and metaphorical nature of clichés. They have shown the specific
logical structure of clichés and analyzed their ability to evoke an emotional and
aesthetic effect on the reader.
Pragmatic approaches, on the other hand, are aimed at studying the
functions and social impact of clichés in communication. J. Searle[5] and H.
Grise[3] have done important work in determining the appropriateness of using
clichés and their pragmatic effects. Their “theory of speech acts” explains how
clichés serve to convey “ready-made” meanings in communication. This theory
serves as an important basis for explaining the place of clichés in mass
communication.
Studies conducted from the point of view of national and cultural aspects
show how clichés differ in different cultures. Sh. Ter-Minasova's[6] work on
intercultural communication emphasizes the importance of clichés as linguistic
units that reflect national culture. For example, while clichés in the Western
press are strongly expressed in terms of competition and individualism,
expressions that emphasize the public dominate in Eastern newspapers. The
literature also highlights the negative aspects of clichés. For example, T. Bell[1]
emphasizes that excessive use of clichés can shallowen journalistic language and
create a feeling of monotony in readers. Therefore, it is noted that their
moderate and thoughtful use is one of the pressing issues of journalism.
This analysis shows that newspaper clichés are a complex phenomenon in
linguistic and pragmatic terms, and their effective use contributes to the
intelligibility and impact of the text. The literature emphasizes the need to study
clichés not only as linguistic units, but also as a means of cultural and social
communication. Therefore, the scope of research on this topic should be further
expanded and enriched with modern approaches.
Discussion
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
71
Although newspaper clichés seem to be simple language units, they are
actually a complex linguistic and pragmatic phenomenon. They express the
content of the text in a concise and understandable way, but also affect the
emotional and conscious perception of the reader. These tools serve the purpose
of the media to be closer to the reader. However, the widespread use of clichés
sometimes gives rise to two contradictory opinions: do they help readers
understand the content or, on the contrary, do they arouse a feeling of
indifference and monotony in them?
On the one hand, newspaper clichés increase the effectiveness of
communication. When readers see familiar expressions, they immediately
understand their meaning and pay more attention to the content of the text.
Clichés are also an important tool for reflecting collective culture and values. For
example, clichés used in covering national or international events create a
certain emotional attitude towards these events in the reader's mind. This is
especially useful for indirectly conveying the author's position in articles on
political or social topics.
However, excessive use of clichés can bore readers and make the text
uninteresting. Repetitive expressions interfere with the expression of new and
original ideas. Therefore, some critics argue that newspaper clichés can deprive
journalism of its originality. This issue is especially relevant at a time when
modern journalism relies on novelty to attract readers' attention.
The role of clichés in the cultural and linguistic context is also an important
aspect to be discussed. Newspaper clichés have their own meanings and
functions in different cultures. While phrases like "big step forward" used in
Western journalism reflect technological and economic progress, phrases like
"harmonious society" in Eastern press emphasize social stability and unity. This
confirms that clichés are not only linguistic units, but also expressions of cultural
context.
During the discussion, it was found that the phenomenon of newspaper
clichés is characterized by variability. As modern technologies develop and the
media transition to online platforms, the form and content of clichés are also
changing. Today, clichés used in social networks or blogs are adapted to the
needs of rapid communication. Therefore, it is necessary to continue research in
this area and study new trends. Newspaper clichés are not just simple
expressions, they are an important mirror of language and culture. Studying
their linguistic and pragmatic aspects helps not only to understand journalism,
but also to understand the role of language in social communication. Therefore,
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
72
research should be continued on a deep analysis of the possibilities of using
clichés and their creative renewal.
Conclusion
.
Newspaper clichés are a complex phenomenon that means much more than
simple language units. They serve to convey the content of the text to the reader
in a concise, understandable and effective way. At the same time, clichés reflect
the aesthetic and cultural richness of the language and make it possible to exert
an emotional and spiritual influence in the communication process. The need to
use clichés in today's journalism is changing in accordance with the information
needs of readers.
On the one hand, the repeated use of clichés allows readers to quickly
understand the content. This confirms their linguistic coherence and the
effectiveness of their communicative functions. For example, with the help of
familiar and easily understandable expressions, complex events or issues are
conveyed in a simple form. This is especially relevant in newspaper texts
intended for a wide audience.
However, on the other hand, excessive use of clichés can make journalistic
materials monotonous and reduce reader interest. Such situations limit the
creative approaches of authors and the richness of the content of the text.
Therefore, it is important to maintain balance in the use of clichés and pay
special attention to their updating.
Newspaper clichés are important not only as linguistic units, but also as
representatives of cultural and social phenomena. They show the differences
between cultures in the national and international press, thereby introducing
readers to different cultures. Especially in today's era of globalization, the
content and forms of clichés provide an opportunity to maintain a balance
between national identity and global trends.
The role of clichés in modern journalism is gaining new dimensions with
the development of technology and the expansion of online media. The
adaptation of clichés to new communication platforms and their ability to meet
the requirements of speed indicate that this field will remain relevant in the
future.
In conclusion, it can be said that newspaper clichés do not lose their importance
as a linguistic and pragmatic tool in modern journalism. Their study not only
enriches the field of linguistics, but also helps to understand intercultural
dialogue, communicative strategies, and the process of journalistic creativity.
Therefore, the creative and purposeful use of clichés and their analysis should
THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF
PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES
International scientific-online conference
73
be continued. This serves to study not only journalism, but also the broader
interaction of language and culture.
References:
1.
Bell, T. (1991). Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. London:
Longman.
2.
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London:
Longman.
3.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. In Cole, P., & Morgan, J. L.
(Eds.), Syntax and Semantics, Volume 3: Speech Acts (pp. 41–58). New York:
Academic Press.
4.
Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors We Live By. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press.
5.
Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
6.
Ter-Minasova, S. G. (2000). Yazyk i Mezhkul'turnaya Kommunikatsiya
[Language and Intercultural Communication]. Moscow: Slovo.
