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NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES IN EDUCATING
YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE SPIRIT OF MILITARY PATRIOTISM.
Soliyev A.T.
Samarkand Transport Technical School
Deputy Director for Development Education
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14836474
Military patriotism is also one of the moral values that has been formed
historically and passed down from generation to generation: it must be
understood and studied as a virtue, a heritage, and a value. In our opinion, the
embodiment of military patriotism in the spiritual and moral heritage is
manifested, first of all, in the image of heroes in folk epics, which have become
moral ideals and emdiv high virtues. These include scientific and artistic
sources related to oral folk art - folklore.
Our people have always raised their sons in the spirit of courage, honesty,
and bravery, to become true warriors who would not even sacrifice their lives
for their people and homeland. This experience has also reached us through the
masterpieces of our national and spiritual heritage, the oral traditions of our
people. In particular, a vivid example of military patriotism can be seen in the
epic poem "Alpomish", which reflects the pride, love for the homeland and great
sorrow of the Uzbek people and is a priceless monument to the artistic genius of
our ancestors. The epic contains many episodes related to the manifestation of
patriotism and military-patriotic virtues. In this sense, "Alpomish" is also an
example of heroism, which reflects the Uzbek identity, comes from the hearts of
our brave and noble people, and is passed down from generation to generation
from our ancestors. Therefore, the First President of Uzbekistan, Islam Karimov,
emphasized that this epic is the spiritual property of the entire Uzbek people,
"The epic "Alpomish" teaches us the virtues of humanity. It teaches us to be just
and honest, to protect our homeland, our family stronghold, our friends, our
honor, and the sacred graves of our ancestors from any aggression," he says.
the wise are a noble goal aimed at the great future of the Uzbek people and
at raising the generation as fully mature and perfect people. In this sense, the
epic poem "Alpomish" was created in ancient times among the blood-brotherly
Turkic peoples, including its eldest child, the Uzbeks, as an example of national
courage, bravery, and heroism. This epic has been an important educational tool
for generations, especially for the youth, in shaping and perfecting the
spirituality, culture, morality, love for the Motherland, nobility, courage, bravery,
perseverance, and determination. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the
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Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 13, 1998 and in Uzbekistan in 1999, based
on the UNESCO 1999 plan of events On November 6, the 1000th anniversary of
the epic "Alpomish" will be celebrated in the city of Termez. passed. Events
within "Alpomish" "games" festive Uzbekistan best large It has become a
tradition to hold national sports competitions every two years. The main goal of
this is to popularize folk games, increase the number of talented young people in
Uzbekistan, and educate them in the spirit of patriotism and self-sacrifice .
It is necessary to emphasize that in the phenomenon of Uzbek national
heroism, military patriotism becomes a socio-spiritual phenomenon through the
moral ideal. Typically, the moral ideal is considered a symbolic representation of
maturity and perfection, formed in human relationships, on the basis of social
experience, the natural environment, religious beliefs, customs, traditions, and
ideas related to human life and activity.
Among modern approaches to the moral ideal, the views of philosopher
Anvar Kadyrov stand out for their originality. The philosopher studies the
concept of the moral ideal as a complex problem, in which moral categories such
as duty, virtue, and honor cannot be formed without other aspects of social
consciousness (politics, law, art, science, and others), and each form of social
consciousness is dialectically interconnected within its sphere of influence and
possibility. In this regard, he critically studies the views of O.P. Selikova, L.I.
Ruvinsky, and V.V. Borzikh that either political factors or feelings play a key role
in the formation of the moral ideal, and puts forward the following idea: “When
talking about the influence of various events on the ideal in the human mind, we
must not forget that moral activity requires the unity of thought and feelings.
From an epistemological point of view, a person relates to moral ideals through
feeling and thinking, to social reality through spiritual experience, in a certain
theoretical way. Therefore, one should not emphasize only political or emotional
processes, separating them from each other. Moral experience shows that some
people act contrary to generally accepted norms, which for them are morally
wrong. standards theirs individual to activities relatively simply oral and
ineffective
"society" "sound" to be "will remain."
This idea leads to two conclusions. The first is that the moral ideal formed
in the subject's spirituality is not a blind morality practiced for his behavior in
society, but rather a property of thought at the level of belief in the behavior and
competence of a person. Moreover, the ideal is not only a standard of moral
behavior of a person not only for implementation in the distant future, but also
to ensure a successor role in achieving these goals. These opportunities
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Through the socio-historical experience of people, norms of activity are
determined by ideals. Therefore, today's reality is not the high ideals dreamed of
by certain historical figures. moral ideal in the capacity of can be thrown into
the well. The second - generally ideal, In particular, the moral ideal is in
dialectical relationship with the forms of social consciousness, that is, the
individual, the nation, and society. moral ideals only social of life iniquity
in the manner of to the surface to come
does not indicate.
The oldest written sources of the Uzbek people depict the social and
spiritual image of women in various ways. Because women also demonstrated
the courage and bravery that men showed in protecting their children, family,
and homeland, and in fighting the enemy. According to ancient writers, if a man
from the Saka tribe wanted to marry a girl, he had to fight her in a single combat
in the arena. If the girl won, the defeated man became his prisoner and his fate
was entirely at his disposal. The girl married the man who won in the arena.
Above of thoughts reflection in life ancient in epics express oneself found.
The image of women who became folk heroes, such as Zarina, Sparetra, and
Tomaris, became symbols of courage. The oldest of such legends is the legend of
the Sakian queen Zarina and the Median general Stringey. It tells the story of the
struggle of the tribes living in Central Asia against the invasion of the Median
state.
Antique period historians Herodotus and Ephor's to the information black,
BC previous VIII
- VI The Median state, which reached its peak in the centuries, has several
He marched to Central Asia. The tribes and peoples living in Central Asia fought
against the invaders for the freedom of their homeland. He fought bravely on his
way. The information left by Ctesias also contains legends about the liberation
struggle of the local Saka tribe against the Medes.
The heroism and valor of the simple shepherd Shirok, who is recognized as
an example of heroism and courage in the history of the Uzbek people, and the
Persian king and general Doro Every citizen of our country knows and is proud
of the historical event about the confusion of I. According to the information
provided by the ancient historian Polienus, author of the work "Military Tricks",
Darius I addressed the emperor with the question: "Why did you lie and mislead
us?" when: "I victory left I entered, because my compatriots happened
I removed the disaster at the head of the Saklar, I saved our enemies from
water shortage and hunger. "I killed him, now it's up to you what you do," he
wrote. It is important to note that Shirok's simple and obvious military trick
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resulted in Medicine I his/her own selected of the army half battle rather than
loses, The spirit of the troops, which were considered perfect and invincible, was
tested, as a result of which Darius I abandoned his intention to wage war again
in Central Asia and began a large-scale war to completely subjugate the
provinces of Greece to the West.
white- bearded heroism is that military patriotism is not only about
standing bravely in battle and dying, but also about destroying the enemy and
taking revenge on him, leaving a free, independent, and liberated homeland as a
legacy for future generations .
Speaking about the phenomenon of national heroism and the example of
military patriotism of the Uzbek people, it is appropriate to turn to the essence,
content, and spiritual significance of the moral ideal. In this regard, the ideas of
researcher Aktam Samadov about the moral ideal are of some importance.
Researcher moral ideal personal, national and universal from being
definitely attention, emphasizes that it has two characteristics: the first is the
understanding, imagination and examples of goodness, happiness, justice, love,
and purity, which constitute the essence of the moral ideal, in a state of
individuality combined with national characteristics. It exists as a claim to a
certain stability, and secondly, it reflects idealized images of reality in the
subjective consciousness as a reality expressing personal and national needs.
This shows that the moral ideal is influenced by socio-historical conditions and
the economic and ideological structure of society. To say that only certain social
relations determine the content of a moral ideal in this dialectical process
undermines the universal value of the moral ideal and ultimately turns it into a
phenomenon that is constantly changing, like the struggles of various social
groups, forces, and classes.
Indeed, throughout his life, a person experiences various social conditions,
encounters people and virtues that he would consider ideal. Real symbols
always have a direct emotional impact on a person. These symbols are diverse: a
person, a hero of a work of art, a figure of beauty, great figures of past ancestors,
Cases of imitation and following characterize the materialization and "living" of
a moral ideal from a vague generalization to an abstract idea. That is, due to such
imitation and following, a person begins a process of approaching, choosing,
striving for, and achieving a moral ideal in the form of an evaluation process.
the examples, symbols, and models on a person's life path to rise from the
status of simple imitation and following to become his true moral ideal, it is
necessary for the chosen symbols of feelings, examples, and thought to unite
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with each other and become the basis of the person's worldview. Only then can
the person moral ideal definitely and complete invisible to be, his/her life way
and the purpose, personally position expresses. That's why for one period, one
time, one group In the process of life and activity of individuals, someone's
separation and inability to fit into their environment is a consequence of
separation from the moral ideal. Therefore, the moral ideal cannot be formed by
force and propaganda. It is a personal, national and universal spiritual value
formed from the unity of the social environment, national and individual
lifestyle, abilities and intelligence, education and moral and religious feelings
and understandings.
Alp Ertonga holds a special place in the phenomenon of Uzbek national
heroism. In Uzbek epics, the term “Alp” is considered an adjective or title given
to a person who stands out for his creativity and spiritual courage in the
interests of the Motherland and the people. In the “Explanatory Dictionary of the
Uzbek Language”, the term “Alp” is explained as follows: “1. In ancient Turkic
peoples, a warrior who participates in a one-on-one battle before the start of a
battle between two armies. 2 folk. In Uzbek folk epics, a hero distinguished by
his supernatural strength, courage, bravery, etc.
In sources that describe the history of our people, names such as Oguz
Khan, Afrosiyab, and Alp Ertonga are often encountered. In some cases, they are
depicted as legendary heroes. In the works of Firdawsi, Narshahi, Mahmud
Kashgari, Abu Rayhon Beruni, and Alisher Navoi, these names are mentioned in
a historical capacity. Although the names are expressed differently, their The
original person is considered to be Alp Er Tong, the ruler of the Turanian lands,
who protected it from various invaders.
Alpine Earth Tonga best ancient national from our heroes to be, she is
through from ancient times our people seat who lived, own to the ground, To
the homeland infinite love invisible will happen. Literary critic scientist
Pirimkul Kadyrov Turkish languages in development Uzbek of the language
own The Alp Er, a Turkic text from the Turanian lands written before Christ,
proclaims that there is a path to progress. The place of the epic about Tonga in
this regard is emphasized. However, Abdurauf Fitrat "The oldest Turk" of nature
"samples" that called and 1927 in the year publication mature in the brochure
Alpine A 40-line lament dedicated to Er Tonga, with verses about the battle of
Alp Er Tonga 32 with lines poem, winter and summer to the views dedicated
86 with lines poetic pictures our literary language best ancient examples that
price what he gave says. Also, Mahmud Kashgari "Devonu" dictionary
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Turkish» in the work "Tonight" – lion, brave, is a price, elephant deadly strong
"animal" is compared. Alpine Tomorrow sovereignty did periods in the
country peace and quiet verdict pushed also invader from the forces people
always protection done. Therefore yes Mahmud Kashgari "Time is running out,
weaklings, The diseases became more severe. The people of the time (the
country population) Afrasiab's death to do with by virtue deprived "They
were," Alp Er To'nga wrote. her determination in governing the state, her
determination to protect the Motherland at all costs from the invaders
protection to do ability with other to the peoples example happened. This for a
reason too various of the peoples scholars own in his works his/her courage,
courage praise reached.
In the sources that have come down to us through the Chinese court
chronicles, the following appeal made by Alp Er Tonga not only shows his moral
views, but also vividly portrays the image of a patriotic person who would not
give up even a single inch of his land, his homeland, to foreign forces, and would
sacrifice his life for it if necessary: "I will not humiliate my homeland to a thief of
my love!" Our ancestors who are buried in the graves and our future generations
have rights over this blessed land! No one has the right to give away even a small
piece of land from the homeland. … Land is the foundation of the state, how can
it be given away in pieces?!
This call, in turn, served as an important basis for strengthening the unique
national idea and high philosophical thinking in the phenomenon of the heroes
of the Turanian land.
Another example is the fact that Alexander the Great, known as the
commander of commanders and conquering half of the world, suffered defeat in
our homeland for the first time in the history of his military campaigns, namely,
at Spitamen. The fact that Alexander saw in Central Asia not servility and
helplessness, barbarism and ignorance, but fortitude and high human dignity is
described in numerous historical sources. For example , the priest Tana Oscar
Spitamen assessed his courage as follows: "You laid the foundation for a
courageous struggle against Alexander. Your name will serve as a guiding star
for future generations. "After a year, a hundred Spitamen will grow, after ten
years, a thousand Spitamen. After a hundred years, ten thousand Spitamen will
grow. From the one seed you threw away, countless seedlings will be born. They
will also bear new fruit and, finally, sooner or later, the enemy will receive his
due punishment. Great things are not accomplished in a moment. Attack! Fight!
Retreat when necessary. But do not forget why you are fighting."
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The work of establishing the authentic history of the Uzbek people began
with the definition of a holistic concept for studying our millennia-old past, and
this will continue in the future. yes continuous continuation leading responsible
to work rotation one from, It strengthens the historical methodological basis for
the interpretation of military patriotic ideas, and on the other hand, it ensures
the strengthening of the system based on our national mentality for the
formation of a sense of military patriotism in young people.
This includes an analysis of historical sources and, based on shaped
scientific and theoretical situation, generalizations, conclusions and The lessons
are based on the principle of upbringing in the spirit of military patriotism. It
allows for a more objective view and to shape the activities of government
structures in implementing the patriotic paradigm.
The study of the conceptual foundations of military-patriotic education in
our history can be used in the development of modern patriotic paradigms that
significantly contribute to the formation of the Uzbek-patriotic personality of the
21st century.
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