Vol. 6 No. 10 (2024): Volume 06 Issue 10

The application of numerical simulation in agri-food engineering is gaining momentum as a powerful tool for optimizing processes and improving efficiency. This study explores the use of numerical methods to model, analyze, and optimize physical systems within the agri-food sector. By focusing on critical processes such as food processing, storage, transportation, and environmental control, this research demonstrates how simulation techniques can enhance decision-making, reduce energy consumption, and ensure product quality. Various computational approaches, including finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and discrete element modeling (DEM), are applied to simulate real-world scenarios in agriculture and food engineering. The results of these simulations provide insights into process optimization, enabling better design of equipment, reduction of post-harvest losses, and improvement in food safety. This paper highlights the growing role of numerical simulation as a crucial tool in addressing challenges in agri-food systems, promoting innovation, sustainability, and productivity.

Protected cultivation has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance crop yield and quality in modern agriculture. This study explores the effectiveness of nets in peach cultivation, focusing on their role in improving plant growth and pest control. By utilizing different types of protective nets, such as shade nets and insect-proof nets, the microclimate within the cultivation area is modified, providing optimal conditions for peach trees to thrive. The research evaluates the impact of nets on temperature regulation, light intensity, and humidity, all of which contribute to enhanced growth rates and fruit quality. Additionally, the use of nets significantly reduces the incidence of pests, minimizing the need for chemical pesticides and promoting environmentally sustainable farming practices.

The findings of this study demonstrate that net-covered peach cultivation not only boosts plant vigor and fruit yield but also mitigates common agricultural challenges such as pest infestations and harsh weather conditions. This research provides valuable insights into the application of netting systems in peach farming, offering practical solutions to improve productivity and sustainability in the agricultural sector.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of Rhizobium 3 , Rhizobium 9 and PlantaStim microbial fertilizers on the morphological, physiological and valuable economic characters of chickpea (Сicer arietinum L.). All samples treated with microbial fertilizers showed positive results compared to the control variation. Efficiency of Rhizobium 3, among the microbial fertilizers, was higher. In the chickpea samples, treatment with Rhizobium 3 increased the total chlorophyll content by 14.91%, carotenoid content by 20%, plant biomass by 31.39%, grain number by 19.37%, productivity by 27.25%, total protein content by 25.29%, and amount of nodule by 2.07 times, compared to the control variation.

The aim of the research is to study the correlation between crop capacity and physiological characteristics of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik). Determination of correlation between physiological characteristics and crop indicators, and assessment of their influence on grain yield give an opportunity to select genotypes with high crop capacity.

According to the results of the analysis, strong positive correlation was detected among the valuable economic characters of lentil genotypes, i.e. between indexes such as number of grains per plant with grain weight per plant r=0.88*** and grain productivity per plant r=0.71***; between grain weight per plant and grain productivity in 1m2 plot r=0.79***; among chlorophyll ‘a’, chlorophyll ‘b’ and carotenoid content in leaves (r=0.92***, r=0.81*** respectively); between net photosynthetic productivity and biomass in 1m2 plot (r=**0.67;). Moreover, moderate positive correlation was detected among the indicators of grain number per plant (r=*0.54) and grain weight (r=**0.57) and grain productivity (r=*0.62). Among the lentil genotypes, K-72015 genotype, which has a good result based on the analysis of morphological-physiological and productivity characteristics, gives the opportunity to grow it as a new promising variety in the republic and obtain a higher yield.

For more than 60 years, herbarium specimens of this species have not been recollected and targeted field studies have not been conducted. In 2023-2024, bioclimatic modeling was carried out on the basis of targeted field research in Shahimardan and the Kyrgyz Republic (Batkent; Okhna) region of the Fergana Valley.

According to the RCP 2.6 (2061-2080) climate scenario, an increase in temperature of 0.4-1.6 °C will create many potentially suitable areas in the form of the regions of Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. It is directly related to precipitation (Bio19) and elevation (Elv.) in the coldest quarter. Under the RCP8.5_2070s climate scenario, an increase in temperature of 1.4-2.6 °C has replaced scattered high-level suitable areas with medium-level suitable areas. Under both climate scenarios, temperature increases of 0.4–1.6 °C and 1.4–2.6 °C did not adversely affect the species' main hotspots.

This article describes the experimental results of determining the optimum growth and development of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants in laboratory conditions, applying different nutritional standards to seedlings of medium-ripening varieties. . As a result of the experiment, it is envisaged to grow healthy, high-quality and marketable sweet pepper seedlings and introduce them into production.