This article analyzes the processes associated with calcium in nerve cells. Pathological changes in the nerve cells negatively affect the natural physiological processes in the human organism. Elevated intracellular Са2+ concentrations are involved in neurotransmitter release, synapse plasticity, enzyme activation, and gene expression. Of great importance is the question of studying the mechanisms of pharmacological correction using biologically active substances in pathological conditions in the brain in the synaptosomes, Са2+ transport.