Background: Gallbladder polyps are generally small benign lesions that do not enlarge for years. However, follow-up with ultrasound examination is initially recommended to detect unexpected malignancy. The diagnosis of a gallbladder polyp is generally made with ultrasound examination, and in many instances the polyp is detected while performing the ultrasound examination in the diagnostic work-up of a condition not related to the gallbladder.
Patients and methods: The occurrence of a gallbladder polyp in a bodybuilder with symptomatic uremia is described, and an educational ultrasound image is provided.
Results: At about the age of 50 years, a professional bodybuilder presented with progressive symptomatic uremia associated with nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and mild anemia. He was not havening reduction in urine output, edema or hypertension. Renal ultrasound confirmed the chronicity of renal failure and showed small kidneys. Abdominal ultrasound also showed small polyp in the gall bladder.
Conclusion: The rare association of a gallbladder polyp in a bodybuilder with symptomatic uremia is reported.
Sand R, Mayer L.Transformation de las Vesicule Biliare tout entiere en un Ky te Papillifere. Arch de Med. Exper et d'anat Path 23:523, 1911.
Abell I. Papilloma and Adenoma of Gallbladder. Ann Surg 1923; 77:276.
Kirklin BR. Cholecystographic diagnosis of neoplasms of the gallbladder. Am J Roentgenol 1933; 29:8?
Wellbrock WLA. Occurrence and possible significance of adenoma of gallbladder. Am
J Surg 1934; 23:358.
Walters W, Snell AM. Diseases of Gallbladder and Bile Ducts, Philadelphia. WB Saunder, 1940.
Kozoll DD, Meyer KA. Gallbladder polyps. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch 1957; 31(3):225-32.
Lee KF, Wong J, Li JC, Lai PB. Polypoid lesions of the gallbladder. Am J Surg 2004 Aug; 188(2):186-90. Doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.11.043
Al-Mosawi AJ. The challenge of chronic renal failure in the developing world: possible use of acacia gum. Pediatr Nephrol 2002 May; 17(5):390-1. Doi: 10.1007/s00467-001-0755-4. PMID: 12042902.
Al-Mosawi AJ. Acacia gum supplementation of a low-protein diet in children with end-stage renal disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2004 Oct; 19(10):1156-9. Doi: 10.1007/s00467-004-1562-5.PMID: 15293039.
Al-Mosawi AJ. The use of acacia gum in end stage renal failure. J Trop Pediatr 2007 Oct; 53(5):362-5. Doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmm033. PMID: 17517814.
Al-Mosawi AJ. Six-year dialysis freedom in end-stage renal disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2009 Oct; 13(5):494-500. Doi: 10.1007/s10157-009-0181-7. PMID: 19479191.
Al-Mosawi AJ. Continuous renal replacement in the developing world: Is there any alternative. Therapy (Clinical practice) [p-ISSN: 2044-9038, e-ISSN: 2044-9046] Mar 2006:3(2): 265-272. Doi: 10.2217/ 14750708.3.2.265
Al-Mosawi AJ. Intestinal dialysis: A new therapy for chronic renal failure. 1st ed., Saarbrücken; LAP Lambert Academic Publishing: 2011 (ISBN: 9783847304470).
Al-Mosawi AJ. Advances in peritoneal dialysis. In, Ed, Peritoneal Dialysis: Types, Procedures and Risks. Nova Science Publisher, New York, 1st Edition, January, 2013 (ISBN-10:1622578961, ISBN-13:978-1622578 962).Doi:10.13140/rg.2.1.4315.1120
Al-Mosawi AJ. A new dietary therapy for chronic renal failure .1st ed., Saarbrücken; LAP Lambert Academic Publishing: 2013 (ISBN: 978-3-659-51436-4).
Al-Mosawi AJ. Advances of peritoneal dialysis in the developing world: Combined intermittent peritoneal dialysis and intestinal dialysis (Chapter 3).In Marcia Bell, Ed, Peritoneal Dialysis: Practices, Complications and Outcomes. Nova Science Publisher, New York, 2017 (ISBN: 978-1-53610-515-5).Doi:10.13140/rg.2.1. 4315.1120
Al-Mosawi AJ. Dietary dialysis with acacia gum: Intestinal dialysis technology. Advancements in Journal of Urology and Nephrology (ISSN 2689-8616) 2019 Nov 18; 2(1): 1-8. Doi:10.33140/AJUN.01.01.05
Al-Mosawi AJ.A New Dietary Therapy for Chronic Renal Failure: Intestinal Dialysis Technology. Journal of medical and surgical urology Jan 2020; 1(1): 8-16. Doi: 10.5281/ zenodo.3878418
Al-Mosawi AJ. Intestinal (Dietary) Dialysis: A Practical Nutritional Guide. Journal of Urology and research (ISSN: 2379-951X) Aug 2020; 7 (1): 1118 [1-3].
Al-Mosawi AJ. Intestinal dialysis in a uremic patient with diabetic nephropathy: A challenging case and a unique experience. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development Aug 2020; 20; 1 (1):1-4 Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3977265
Al-Mosawi AJ. History of Medicine: The Emergence of Intestinal Dialysis. SunKrist Nephrology and Urology Journal 2020 August 22; 2 (1): 1-8. Doi: 10.46940/snuj.01.1002
Al-Mosawi AJ. Intestinal dietary dialysis: A practical treatment guide. 1st ed., Saarbrücken; LAP Lambert Academic Publishing: 2020 (ISBN: 978-3-659-87697-4).
Libório AB, Nasserala JC, Gondim AS, Daher EF. The case: renal failure in a bodybuilder athlete. Diagnosis: Nephrocalcinosis secondary to exogenous vitamin D intoxication. Kidney Int 2014 May; 85(5):1247-8. Doi: 10.1038/ki.2013.230
Walser M. Keto-analogues of essential amino acids in the treatment of chronic renal failure. Kidney Int Suppl 1978 Jun ;( 8):S180-4.
Bauerdick H, Spellerberg P, Lamberts B. Therapy with essential amino acids and their nitrogen-free analogues in severe renal failure. Am J Clin Nutr 1978 Oct; 31(10):1793-6. Doi: 10.1093/ajcn/31.10.1793
Giovannetti S, Barsotti G, Morelli E, Ciardella F, Mariani G, Molea N, Panicucci F, Rossi B. Insufficienza renale cronica. Dieta ipoproteica supplementata con aminoacidi essenziali e chetoanaloghi [Chronic renal insufficiency. Low-protein diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues]. Minerva Med 1980 Sep 19; 71(34):2415-30. [Article in Italian].
Barsotti G, Guiducci A, Ciardella F, Giovannetti S. Effects on renal function of a low-nitrogen diet supplemented with essential amino acids and ketoanalogues and of hemodialysis and free protein supply in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephron 1981; 27(3):113-7. Doi: 10.1159/000182036
Carrero JJ, González-Ortiz A, Avesani CM, Bakker SJL, Bellizzi V, Chauveau P, et al. Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020 Sep; 16(9):525-542.Doi:10.1038/s41 581-020-0297-2