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PUBLISHED DATE: - 09-10-2024
DOI: -
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/Volume06Issue10-03
METHOD OF ASSESSMENT OF PURPOSEFUL
USE OF LAND IN POPULATION POINTS OF
LAND CADASTRAL INDICATORS
Yunusov Begench Mavlanberdievich
PhD, Ministry of Water Resources, Uzbekistan
INTRODUCTION
In the course of the transition to market relations
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the objective basis of
managing the effective use of land resources is the
mechanism of market economy laws. Regulation of
land relations serves to regulate land relations as
part of production relations based on the legal
basis of management [6]. The system of land
resources and their use in agriculture differs from
other resources and their use by a number of
features. This requires defining the specific
features of scientific and methodical issues related
to land resources disposal, their ownership and
their use relations in agriculture and making
changes related to their practical application.
Currently, the use of land resources in agriculture
and its results are functionally directly related to
the use of other resources, it has an absolute
character.
In addition, this process depends on the economic
level of capital circulation, prices, bank interest,
exchange rates. Such a situation is considered an
objective legality, and it forms the theoretical and
methodological basis of the land tax system,
especially the "single tax", in practice it should be
implemented on the basis of the taxation
mechanism. Also, the fact that the irrigated lands
are decreasing due to the increase of the settlement
lands, it is required that the land account be
accurate, especially the lands of the settlements.
Basically, it is required to improve the land
cadastre management system and database with
the help of information and communication
technologies and to ensure their transparency, to
create a unified system of state cadastres (USSC) on
a scientific basis.
The analysis of scientific literature related to the
field shows that, along with foreign scientists,
several scientists of our republic have also
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Abstract
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conducted scientific research on land accounting
using high-level GIS software, transparent and fast
basing of subjective indicators of land. Therefore,
the theoretical and methodological foundations of
the issue of maintaining a geo-information system
were obtained from foreign scientists J. Bouma, P.A.
Burrough, J.J. de Gruijter, E. Van Ranst, A.K.L.
Johnson, & A.B. McBratney and others researched
the theoretical and methodological foundations of
process automation by A.A. Varlamov, K.M.
Melikhov, S.V. Kozmenkova, S.V. Kasyanov, V.I.
Kusov, A.L. Ilinikh, Yu. Developed by V. Ryabov, E.V.
Belorustseva, M.E. Bukovsky, and others.
According to the works of A.S. Altiev,
A.R.Bobojonov, and K.Rakhmonov, among the
scientists of our republic, it includes studies on the
calculation of land in terms of quantity, their
distribution by certain administrative-territorial
units, land users, and land types[ 5].
Today, in different regions of our country, the
researches on conducting and forming the land
account in modern ways, integrating the results of
field
research
into
the
geodatabase,
geovisualization of objects using the interpolation
method, analysis, processing, digitization of
processes based on the "ArcGis" program have not
been sufficiently studied [4]. For this reason, there
was a need to digitize the land accounting system
based on the ArcGis program.
METHODS
The boundaries of settlement lands located in
district centers, cities, settlements, and villages are
the boundaries of settlement lands that distinguish
them from other lands as a valid sign of inhabited
land, and land use analysis and settlement land
change (GIS) software are widely used.
Currently, with the help of geographic information
systems, it is possible to combine various social and
economic data, which leads to low costs and
provides the opportunity to collect and process
various data with accurate calculation results
necessary for land use planning [1].
Based on this, 43,432 houses were determined
based on the results of the research conducted in
the territory of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Also, when studying 40,260 arbitrarily occupied
houses, it was found that the plots of land have
been occupied for almost 9 years. According to him,
we can see that the number of arbitrarily occupying
lands has increased year by year due to the lack of
land control, land accounting and monitoring.
In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the goal of using
9,415.3 hectares of land has been violated. (Table
1).
According to it, due to the lack of land control, land
accounting and monitoring, we can see that the
number of arbitrary acquisitions of land has
increased from year to year according to the
schedule, as a result, the goal of using 9,415.3
hectares of land in the Republic of Karakalpakstan
has been violated [2].
When 3172 land plots were not included in the
cadastral database, i.e., not taxed, houses built in
the 40s of the last century but still without legal
documents were identified, in addition to this, a
number of houses for which land tax was collected
by issuing unofficial receipts that are not in the
account anywhere.
Table 1
Land plots without legal documents recorded in the electronic database of the
Republic of Karakalpakstan
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RESULTS
Using the ArcGIS program, the database of the
unified system of state cadastres (USSC) was
created for the newly identified 3172 land plots,
their outlines were formed and their photographs
were taken.
PINNP (personal identification number of natural
persons) of the citizens occupying these plots of
land was obtained and geoanalysis was carried out.
According to it, a loss of 2,901,368,101.8 soums has
been reported to the state budget due to land tax as
of 2023 (Table 2).
In addition, the goal of using 690.80 hectares of
land in the territory of the Republic of
Karakalpakstan was violated.
If the 1-year tax amount of these lands is calculated
according to the established procedure with 5-year
tax rates, it was found that 14,498,550,376.8 soums
were lost to the budget revenue from the land tax.
Until now, the houses in the country, which have
been arbitrarily occupied by the citizens, have been
analyzed.
According to it, in accordance with Article 47 of the
Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, based
on the decision No. 251 of the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 3, 2016
“On the general inspection of real estate objects
belonging to individuals and legal entities in the
period of 2016-
2017” 71,987 houses without
documents determining the right - the rights to the
place are recognized.
At the same time, based on the Decree No. PF-5421
of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan
dated April 20, 2018 “On conducting a one
-time
nationwide action on additional measures for
social support of citizens and recognition of
property rights to arbitrarily built residences” it
was studied that 50,361 housing rights were
recognized without documents [3].
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
1
Karakalpakistan
40 260
483
338
6 126
26 530
3 220
1 733
1 089
696
45
1
Amudarya district
4 586
1
0
1 260
2 780
274
121
94
32
24
2
Beruniy district
8 111
0
39
687
6 521
612
141
60
47
4
3
Buzatov district
482
0
0
0
0
461
15
4
2
0
4
Kegeyli district
1 333
0
2
176
1 085
26
8
16
20
0
5
Muynoq district
110
0
0
1
105
3
1
0
0
0
6
Nukus district
320
0
0
70
75
49
38
55
32
1
7
Taxtakupir district
373
0
0
33
332
5
2
1
0
0
8
Turtkul district
17 290
0
68
924
13 409
1 246
964
320
352
7
9
Xujayli district
1 156
227
66
458
48
123
121
90
23
0
10
Chimboy district
287
25
6
39
191
15
1
7
3
0
11
Shumanoy district
51
0
4
43
1
1
0
2
0
0
12
Ellikkala district
3 403
150
143
1 968
226
186
251
313
157
9
13
Konlikul district
173
19
0
27
124
2
1
0
0
0
14
Korauzak district
1 182
0
0
74
922
121
46
7
12
0
15
Kungirot district
353
0
0
4
232
58
7
50
2
0
16
Nukus city
542
60
10
181
181
21
13
68
8
0
17
Taxiatosh district
508
1
0
181
298
17
3
2
6
0
N
Territory name
The number of
residences that
do not actually
have a legal
document
From that
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Currently, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, there
are 43,432 additional unrecognized housing units
for the purpose of social support of the population
by creating conditions for the realization of the
right of the population to housing, recognizing the
rights to the real estate objects built by individuals,
and obtaining a land account. indicates the need for
systematic implementation.
It can be seen that since 2016, the arbitrary
acquisition of land and construction of illegal
housing in the regions has not stopped, on the
contrary, it has become a situation.
Table 2
Analysis of the land tax revenue of the object not registered in the cadastral
electronic database in the Republic of Karakalpakstan
Therefore, it is necessary to establish an effective
control in the regions, a scientific and
methodological approach to the purposeful use of
land, the correct formation of cadastral indicators,
because cadastral data provides the opportunity to
use each land for the specified purposes.
Creation of land cadastre data in a modern
geodatabase and organization of regular updating
is based on the dependence of cadastral experts on
conducting regular field research and updating
Years
2020
(sum)
2019
(sum)
2018
(sum)
Total revenue
(sum)
Annual tax
3
4
5
2 901 368 101,8
1 Amudarya district
229 509 403,2
229 509 403,2
2 Beruniy district
168 799 381,8
168 799 381,8
3 Buzatov district
60 516 481,2
60 516 481,2
4 Chimboy district
371 347 800,6
371 347 800,6
5 Ellikkala district
139 875 997,8
139 875 997,8
6 Kegeyli district
257 416 038,6
257 416 038,6
7 Muynoq district
40 664 072,4
40 664 072,4
8 Nukus city
164 964 210,6
164 964 210,6
9 Nukus district
496 886 292,0
496 886 292,0
10 Konlikul district
44 310 907,2
44 310 907,2
11 Kungirot district
80 859 429,0
80 859 429,0
12 Korauzak district
14 524 666,8
14 524 666,8
13 Shumanoy district
33 623 284,8
33 623 284,8
14 Taxiatosh district
256 984 551,6
256 984 551,6
15 Taxtakupir district
109 370 549,4
109 370 549,4
16 Turtkul district
231 920 770,2
231 920 770,2
17 Xujayli district
3 407 002,2
1 476 127,8 194 911 134,6
199 794 264,6
N
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information in the geodatabase.
Errors made by a cadastral specialist conducting
field research in mechanically entering information
into the geodatabase in each land settlement
segment and obtaining analytical results will have
negative consequences. In particular, we can cite
reasons such as the errors made in the projection,
the decrease or increase in the value of land areas,
the exchange of information about land users, and
the exchange of incorrect information in
government agencies.
The geodatabase serves as the basis for storing all
types of data used in the process of working with
ArcGIS software applications, that is, the
geodatabase acts as a warehouse for storing
various types of data.
With the help of geodatabase, effective
management of data stored not only locally, but
also on the server allows to create complex models
in the process of working with different fields and
projects.
Buildings and structures belonging to the land plot
are also formed in the geodatabase for the purpose
of obtaining the account of the land plots for their
purposeful use and protection, and the buildings
and structures are mainly the land under
construction in the lands of the settlement.
In this regard, buildings and structures were
formed in the geodatabase of the state cadastre, in
the attributive data, property rights to buildings or
other material rights (appearance, transfer to
another person, limitation and termination), as
well as other information describing the object, are
recorded.
High-rise residential buildings are part of the land
of the settlement, the land plots under them and the
apartments belonging to the building were also
formed in the geodatabase in vector format using
the ArcGIS program.
Each data generated in the ArcGIS program is
simultaneously entered into the “Real Estate
Database” electronic program, which we
mentioned above, which in turn made it possible to
monitor the increase or decrease of the population
of land users over the years[7].
As a result of scientific research, the processes of
processing the results of field research in ArcGIS
software, integrating the calculation analyzes
carried out in the field into the geodatabase in the
form of a vector layer, and separating the real
estate objects and indicators of users of the
settlement land using geostatistical analyzes were
geovisualized.
In addition, cartography, cadastral and land plot
accounting were modernized. This created a
cartographic basis for the creation of 1:10,000 and
1:25,000 scale agricultural maps and 1:2000 scale
electronic maps of residential areas for
administrative-territorial units to determine
boundaries, land accounting, and illegal land use.
In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, only in
Takhiatash and Khojayli districts, practical work
was carried out from the point of view of
purposefulness or lack of purposefulness of the
plot of land where houses were built without
documents defining the right. In particular,
Takhiatosh (14 neighborhoods) and Khojayli (28
neighborhoods) districts were selected as samples,
and 36,809 real estate objects in 42 neighborhoods
(12,923 in Takhiatosh, 23,886 in Khojaili) were
inspected one by one. According to it, an additional
tax source of 944.4 million soums (land tax 699.2
million soums and property tax 275.2 million
soums) was created due to the additional land area
and equipment identified.
DISCUSSION
Information about 5,199 dwellings without
documents confirming the right (1,301 in
Takhiatash, 3,898 in Khojaly) was submitted to the
Council of Ministers of the Republic of
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Karakalpakstan for study by the working group,
and the land on which these plots are located was
transferred to the target use.
Taking into account the above circumstances, it is
recommended to implement the following in the
draft Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On
recognition of rights to arbitrarily acquired land
plots and buildings built on them”:
1. Individuals and legal entities apply for arbitrarily
acquired plots of land and the buildings built on
them through the State Department of Civil
Aviation or state services;
2. Granting the lease right to the plot of land
occupied by privatized real estate objects, in
particular, buildings and structures, as well as
individual residences;
3. Recognizing ownership of buildings and
structures for rent, building and structures in the
state border protection zone, and charging local
authorities with compensation payments for
moving them to another location;
4. Granting the right to rent to the plots of land used
by citizens for the purpose of farming;
5. The date of arbitrary occupation of the land plot,
the date of construction of buildings will be
determined by “Uzbekkosmos” agency;
6. We believe that it is appropriate to provide an
appropriate conclusion by the Ministry of
Emergency Situations that the residences for which
the right is recognized are not located in zones with
a high man-made risk of explosion, fire, man-made
events, natural disasters, flood roads.
REFERENCES
1.
Decree No. PF-6061 of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated September 9,
2020 “On measures to fundamentally improve
the system of land accounting and state
cadastre management”.
2.
Decree No. PF-6243 of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan dated June 8, 2021 “On
measures to ensure equality and transparency
in land relations, reliable protection of rights to
land and their transformation into a market
asset”.
3.
Resolution No. 251 of the Cabinet of Ministers
of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 3,
2016 “On general inspection of real estate
objects belonging to individuals and legal
entities in 2016-
2017”
4.
Article 15 of the “Land Code” of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the Law “On State Land
Cada
stre”
5.
Altiev A.S. Problems of regulation of land
resources use system: Monograph. - t.,
“Science”, 2018.
6.
Rakhmanov Sh. K. Ensuring the priority of
agriculture in the inter-sectoral distribution of
land resources.-2018
7.
Yunusov B.M., Altiev A.S. Assessment of the
impact of the settlement land cadastre on
regional development: Monograph. - t.,
“(October 26, 2023, Protocol No. 2”, 2023
