The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 12-2021
6
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
December 14, 2021 |
Pages:
6-10
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue12-02
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
‘
ABSTRACT
The article discusses the Middle East region and its role in international relations. In the context of the
growing complexity and tension of international relations in the region, the most pressing issues of
interstate, inter-religious relations have been analyzed.
KEYWORDS
Geopolitics, Foreign Policy, Ideological Conflicts, The Middle East, Sect, Extremism, Energy Resources.
INTRODUCTION
The Middle East region has a special place in
the system of international relations, and the
region differs sharply from other regions of the
world in terms of its national-ethnic, religious,
geopolitical, geoeconomic, historical, cultural,
spiritual and ideological characteristics.
It should be noted that since the second half of
the 20th century, the importance of the region
and the intensity of political processes in it has
increased. The main reasons for this are the
natural and geographical location of the
region, its geopolitical and geoeconomic
significance, its richness in energy resources,
the fact that it has been a center of ancient
cultures and religious conflicts, and the
existence
of
ideological
conflicts.
Geographically, the Middle East is an important
region connecting Europe, Asia and Africa. In
the 18th and 19th centuries, Turkey, Britain,
France, Germany, and in the 20th century, the
United States and the USSR had high interest
in the region. [Ch:1.64]. That is, the intersection
of the interests of powerful countries, certain
Analysis Of Development Tendencies Of Political Events In
The Region
Fazilat Oripovna Koysinova
PhD, International Islamic Academy Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jpslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 12-2021
7
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
December 14, 2021 |
Pages:
6-10
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue12-02
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
forces, groups, transnational corporations has
always existed in the region for centuries. The
interests of the hegemonic states prompted
them to take control of the region. It is
historically known that in ancient times,
whether we take Alexander the Great, the
Roman Empire or the spread of Islam, the
Mongol Empire, the empire of Amir Temur, all
had a special interest in the Middle East. It is a
historical fact that in the XVIII-XIX centuries
Turkey and England, followed by France and
Germany, and in the XX century the United
States and the USSR also sought their vital
interests in the region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Now we analyze the level of interest of states
that have a great influence on the life of the
Middle East. “In the past, countries such as
Persia and the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, the
Netherlands, Germany and the United States
have struggled to gain control of the region
and made success in their attempts. Russia's
policy was aimed at the same goal, although
there were obstacles”[2]. One of the most
active participants in the regional political
process is the continuation of Russia's political
ambitions, mainly to continue the policy of the
former Soviet Union. Its goal is to undermine
the influence of its traditional rivals, the United
States and Europe, in the region. It cooperates
with the countries of the region in combating
these threats so that a certain part of the
population believes in Islam and ensuring the
security of military bases in Syria for decades,
in this case, fighting against terrorism and
extremism do not infiltrate its territory. "The
Middle East plays an important role in Russia's
system of national interests," said Russian
scientist VN Panin. “It is in the southern
strategic direction that the main external
threats to Russia's national security pose a
threat, and Russia must not only respond
appropriately, but also identify them in a timely
manner and take action. At the same time,
despite the change in its geopolitical power,
Moscow has a clear basis for strengthening
and expanding its influence in the Middle
East.”[3]
There are also two other important factors in
Russia's foreign economic policy, namely the
achievement of lucrative deals on arms exports
and nuclear energy. This is because further
support of the growing arms production
complex, restoration of the former USSR's
position in arms exports, as well as a strong
position in the market of nuclear energy in the
face of growing competition are among the
priorities of the Russian state.
Now let's talk about Turkey, which has a special
status and influence in the Middle East. Turkey,
which claims to be the successor to the
Ottoman
Empire
and
has
historically
dominated in the region, now wants to regain
its former position. "The Republic of Turkey
has become one of the key players in the
system of international relations in the 20th
century and has acted in the international
arena in accordance with its national interests,
goals and objectives." Turkey has a great
potential in the political arena of the region,
which can be seen conditionally in the
following cases:
First
, the existence of historical experience in
governing Arabs and other nations. That is,
Turkey was the successor to the last empire
that ruled these territories, and was deprived
of these opportunities in the late 19th and early
20th centuries due to the processes that took
place, including the policies of Britain and
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 12-2021
8
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
December 14, 2021 |
Pages:
6-10
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue12-02
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
France to take control and colonize these
territories.
Second
, the Turkish state does not have
strategic reserves such as oil and gas, although
it covers large areas. As the country's
economic development continues to grow, it
needs to use these raw materials. However,
Turkey's geopolitical potential is extremely
high, primarily due to its trade routes
connecting Asia and Europe, its direct borders
with some strategically important Arab states,
and the flow of rivers to the southern states,
which play an important role in their economic
life. These circumstances allow the country to
consider itself one of the leading states in the
region.
Thirdly
, the expansion of the sphere of political
influence is one of Turkey's main goals, and it
has great potential in this regard. For example,
the Kurdish population in countries such as
Iraq, Iran and Syria, their historical ties to
Turkey, the development of trade relations in
the border areas, and the interconnectedness
of the countries in the region.
Fourth
, it should be noted that Turkey's foreign
policy ambitions are growing as its economy
develops. In particular, since the late 20th
century, there has been a constant pursuit of
regional leadership, with examples of Israel
trying to play a key role in resolving the
Palestinian problem. Turkey has been active in
providing humanitarian aid against Israel's
closure of the Gaza Strip and in its efforts to
break the blockade.
Fifth
, Turkey, like all countries in the world, has
been suffering from religious extremism and
terrorism in recent years, and the growing
religious factor in the country (especially since
the Justice and Development Party came to
power) has led the government to fight both
religious extremism and moderate Islam, and
development issues are becoming increasingly
important. This, in turn, requires Turkey to
develop cooperation with other countries in
the region in the fight against religious
extremism and terrorism.
Another important state in the region is the
Islamic Republic of Iran
, where Mahir Khalifa-
Zadeh noted that "Persia's many years of
experience in foreign policy and its ability to
implement its policies is one of the key factors
in shaping Iran's foreign policy today”[5]. After
the revolution in 1979, there was a sharp turn
in the foreign policy of this state. As a result of
foreign policy based on religious ideology, the
country's sphere of influence is growing. The
main reason for this is that a large part of the
population of the region believes in the
Shiite
sect, and the ideological center and ideological
leaders of this sect are located in Iran. In
addition, the growing economic and political
position of Iran worries many countries in the
region. Saudi Arabia and some other
monarchies see Iran as a rival trying to expand
its influence in the Middle East. This situation
can be observed not only in religious conflicts
(Shia and Sunni) but also in geopolitical and
economic spheres. In particular, the lifting and
easing of sanctions imposed by the United
States and Western countries could lead to an
improvement in Iran's economic situation,
followed by an increase in its geopolitical and
military capabilities.
It is also necessary to talk about the growing
factor of
Saudi Arabia
, which today has a great
influence, financial power in the Middle East.
The growing demand for oil in the world
energy market has increased the country's
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 12-2021
9
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
December 14, 2021 |
Pages:
6-10
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue12-02
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
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financial and economic power by several tens
of times. Saudi Arabia is doing everything
possible to further strengthen its position in
the region. In particular, relations with the
United States have improved in recent years,
with leaders intensifying reciprocal visits,
spending billions on arms purchases and
modernizing their military, and pursuing a
foreign policy dominated by extremist ideas
(with some countries supporting Islamic
fundamentalist forces), it is also emphasized
that the country is striving for leadership
among Islamic countries. As with traditional
competitors, Iran has conflicting interests in
various fields to expand its sphere of influence.
"After the Islamic Revolution in Iran in February
1979, Iran-Saudi Arabia relations became
unstable. Often these situations can be
described as worse than better. The influence
of Saudi Arabia in the Muslim world stemmed
from the constant propaganda activities of
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the
Iranian Islamic Revolution. These propaganda
included constant efforts to prove that Iran
had been declared the Islamic Republic and
that it should be the center of the Islamic
World” [6]. The ideological rivalry between the
two countries is reflected even today in the
conflicts that have taken place and are taking
place in Syria, Palestine, Bahrain and other
countries.
It should be noted that in recent years,
Qatar
has become one of the countries in the region
pursuing its own policy, expanding its sphere
of influence. This is due to the fact that the
country receives huge revenues from oil and
gas exports, and its economic potential is
growing. The presence of large US military
bases in the country, the growing potential and
coverage of Al Jazeera in the global
information space, the fact that the country
has become one of the most dynamically
developing countries in the world, and so on,
further strengthen its foreign policy. The fact
that Qatar is also playing an active role in the
bloody conflicts in Syria and Iraq is not only a
solution to the problem, but also a further
complication.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the Middle East region differs
from other regions of the world for centuries
with its unique culture, spiritual richness and
diversity of religious beliefs. Cultural diversity
and the abundance of energy resources, the
richness of the financial resources of the
countries of the region, further increase its
geopolitical importance and attractiveness.
The Middle East will continue to be a region
rich in social and political processes, in which
the interests of powerful countries constantly
intersect.
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Published:
December 14, 2021 |
Pages:
6-10
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue12-02
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