The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
104
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
104-108
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-15
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
‘
ABSTRACT
This article provides insights into the existing and politically important security system in the Central
Asian khanates. The khanates of Bukhara, Khiva and Kokand had their own military power and were
divided into different parts. The security departments of the khanates also played an important role
in the development of the state and the security of the people. During the years of independence, as
in any other field, significant changes have taken place in the field of security services. In particular,
the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has improved the security service in
the National Guard.
KEYWORDS
Military work, general, soldier, guard service, army, state affairs, navkar, Central Asian khanates,
security service, personal sipohy.
INTRODUCTION
Military activity and the army, which are one
of the main pillars of statehood, have played
an important role in the system of governance
of all ancient states in the territory of
Uzbekistan. The rulers who came to power
relied on large military forces in carrying out
their
domestic
and
foreign
policies.
Representatives of the various dynasties that
ruled the territory ofUzbekistan relied on
certain military forces to protect their lands
and people, to stop the aggressive marches of
the rulers of neighboring countries, and in
some cases to pursue an active foreign policy
based on force. They have done a number of
things to comprehensively develop the
country’s military forces and the army that is
Some Reflections On The History Of Security Activities In
Uzbekistan
Bobomurod Juraevich Abdullaev
Senior Lieutenant, Head Of The Department Of Educational And Ideological Affairs, National
Guard Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
http://theamericanjour
nals.com/index.php/taj
pslc
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
105
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
104-108
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-15
I
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2021:
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its foundation, to provide it, to increase its
combat capability, to subordinate and manage
the army to a certain discipline.
Military activity, which is one of the
foundations of statehood, was especially
developed during the reign of the Samanids,
Ghaznavids, Anushtegin Khorezmshahs and
Amir Temur. The rules and traditions
developed during the reign of the great
statesman and famous commander Amir
Temur also played an important role in the
military system of the Bukhara, Khiva and
Kokand khanates, which emerged instead of
the Temurid state. The ancient military system
has also been important in the state military
system. In particular, the sources provide the
following information about the security
service during the Samanid period. “Hajib was
the commander-in-chief of the palace, and he
was subordinated to a large detachment of
guardsmen who served to guard the palace
and government institutions, and who
performed very responsible duties during
military operations. The great hajib, the chief
hajib, was one of the highest-ranking officials
of the Samanid state. Hajjis and chief hajjis
have played a major role in state affairs[1].
The Central Asian khanates also paid special
attention to the security system. The local
administration played an important role in
mobilizing troops in the Bukhara Emirate. The
chiefs of the estates within the principalities
have a great responsibility in this matter. Each
landowner had between 10 and 200 navkars,
who were mainly responsible for military
service, guarding the beys and amlokdor's
palace, and supervising and sending prisoners
to prisons. The social structure of navkars was
diverse, and even some large landowners
were hired for navkars. The rank of Navkars is
also determined by their property status. In
addition, the navkars who have performed
their duties to the best of their ability have the
right to receive additional payments from
some villages by the bey [2].
As observed in Bukhara and Kokand in the first
half of the 19th century, a number of
measures were taken to organize regular
military forces in the Khiva khanate. “A regular
army of 2,000 people has been formed in the
khanate. Called the Khan's Navkars, the army
was tasked with guarding the khan and his
family during times of peace in the country. A
number of privileges were granted to this
army by the khan. In particular, this army
provided navkars with a certain amount of
land and wages around the supreme ruler
Khiva.
When the Khiva khanate was conquered by
the Russian Empire, its armies were disbanded
and only about 1500-2000 navkars were kept
under the khan. They only served to guard the
palace, to keep the locals in obedience, to
collect taxes, to guard, and they could not
claim military service [3]. In each system of
government, the security system plays a
special role in the implementation of domestic
and foreign policy, led by the central
government headed by the supreme ruler. The
Kokand Khanate was no exception. Historical
data confirm that the Kokand khanate had a
special security system that protected the
khan's horde, city gates and defensive walls,
castles and borders as early as the Norbotabiy
period. During the reign of Umarkhan, this
system was much improved.
Based on historical sources, the Kokand
Khanate has three categories - high, medium
and low level military ranks and titles. The
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
106
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
104-108
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-15
I
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F
ACTOR
2021:
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952
categories of high-ranking military ranks and
titles included the commander, commander-
in-chief,
kushbegi,
batirboshi,
governor
(viceroy),
qalaban,
korboshi,
yovar,
topchiboshi, toqsoba, and ponsodboshi.
Intermediate
ranks
and
titles
include
centurion, centurion, centurion, and guard.
Lower military ranks and titles consisted of
soldiers, soldiers, navkars, snipers, mahrams,
bats, punishers, artillerymen, guards, and
guards [3].
Among these positions, the person in charge
of the security of the khan's court was the
gatekeeper. The most loyal people to the khan
were chosen for the post of gatekeeper. The
gatekeeper selected specially trained soldiers
from among the soldiers to guard the khan's
garrison.
Another high-ranking official in the khanate's
security system was a guard. Karavulbegi is
the head of the entire city security system. He
was accompanied by thousands of security
guards.
There are also reports of a security service in
the Kokand khanate. The main army of the
Kokand khanate consisted of soldiers. They
are in turn divided into several parts. For
example, the first part of it was the khan's
personal sipohis, who acted as guards in the
palace. They were an average of at least 2,000
snipers and were known as "gala batyrs" or
khan's guards for fighting [4].
The radical changes that have taken place in
the service over the years of independence
have been mainly aimed at adapting the
service to a market economy, ensuring that it
fully meets today's conditions and increasing
the reliability and efficiency of the service
provided. The first changes in the security
service began in November 1991 with the
establishment of the Republican Association
"Security" under the Ministry of Internal
Affairs.
From March 1, 2019, the security service was
transferred from the system of the Ministry of
Internal Affairs to the National Guard system.
Today, the protection and preservation of
tangible assets is carried out through several
types of services.
By presidential decree, the National Guard
was reorganized into the National Guard. The
Department is an independent structural unit
and operates on the principle of self-financing
at the expense of funds received for security
services within its competence.
On February 20, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
signed a decree "On measures to raise the
activities of the Main Security Department of
the National Guard of the Republic of
Uzbekistan to a qualitatively new level."
According to the decree, the National Guard
was reorganized into the National Guard.
The main tasks of the General Directorate of
Security are:
Protection of state facilities, important
facilities, property of individuals and legal
entities, as well as diplomatic, consular
and other missions of foreign states and
international
organizations
on
a
contractual basis;
Ensuring public order, prevention and
elimination of violations at protected
facilities;
Control over a single technical policy in the
field of application of security means and
The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
107
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
104-108
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-15
I
MPACT
F
ACTOR
2021:
5.
952
systems, as well as the widespread
introduction of modern ICTs in security
activities;
Contract
installation,
adjustment,
maintenance and operation;
Carrying out inspections (except for law
enforcement
agencies
and
paramilitary
structures) in state organizations, as well as in
security units belonging to legal entities with a
state share of 50% or more in the charter
capital (capital) control and coordination of
measures for compliance with internal
permitting regimes;
•
Participate in public events to ensure
public safety, assist law enforcement
agencies in maintaining public order in
densely populated areas.
Also, according to the decision, the General
Directorate of Security is an independent
structural unit, which within its competence is
responsible for the protection of state
facilities, critical, classified and other facilities,
property of individuals and legal entities.
performs the tasks and functions of self-
sufficiency on the basis of the principle of self-
sufficiency and independent management at
the expense of funds received for the
provided security services [5].
The certified members of the General
Directorate of Security are employees of the
National Guard, equal in legal status to law
enforcement officers.
According to the decision, from July 1,
employees of the General Directorate of
Security will receive a monthly increase of 20%
of their salary. Tariff coefficients are used to
determine the salaries of employees of the
General Directorate of Security, which are
doubled on average.
From May 1, the system of security of facilities
will be gradually improved on the basis of the
principle of "high quality and reasonable
price" through the implementation of the
following measures:
•
Gradual transfer of protected facilities to
certified paramilitary units;
•
Introduction of optimized mixed types of
protection;
•
Reduce physical protection through the
introduction
of
modern
technical
protection.
These measures will be implemented in three
stages:
•
Until January 1, 2022 - ministries, state
committees, departments, administrative
buildings of khokimiyats, educational and
cultural institutions, retail cash registers,
banking services centers;
•
Until July 1, 2022 - production facilities,
markets, shopping centers, broadcasting
facilities, water facilities;
•
Until January 1, 2023 - bank buildings and
other facilities [6].
Thus, we can see that the activity of the
security service has existed since ancient
times in the history of our country, and this
service was highly valued even during the
khanate.
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The USA Journals Volume 03 Issue 06-2021
108
The American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology
(ISSN
–
2693-0803)
Published:
June 30, 2021 |
Pages:
104-108
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/Volume03Issue06-15
I
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ACTOR
2021:
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