Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
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The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
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VOLUME
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33-43
SJIF
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(2020:
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(2022:
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1121105668
METADATA
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8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
ABSTRACT
The article analyzes the concept of adolescent suicide, deviant forms of behavior, discusses the features and causes
of suicidal behavior in adolescence, features of self-esteem and propensity to risky behavior in adolescents, the main
characteristics of suicidal behavior. The importance of participation of parents and school psychologist is noted. The
article considers the directions of the concept of suicide. In addition, this article discusses ways to prevent suicide of
adolescents, notes the importance of the formation of anti-suicidal factors, considered and analyzed approaches to
this problem. At the end of the article, a psychological Test "Gorge" Propensity to depression is proposed. This test
will help determine the current state of the teenager.
KEYWORDS
Suicide, adolescent suicide, self-esteem, deviation, personality, adolescent, socialization, suicidal behavior,
psychopathological concept, depression.
INTRODUCTION
Teenage suicide is a global problem for humanity. The
World Health Organization (WHO) has declared suicide
among the three most common causes of death in
teenage children.
Research Article
ABOUT CAUSES OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Submission Date:
February 28, 2022,
Accepted Date:
March 20, 2022,
Published Date:
March 31, 2022 |
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/Volume04Issue03-04
Alimova Elena Gennadyevna
Applicant of Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theamericanjou
rnals.com/index.php/ta
jssei
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
34
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
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03
Pages:
33-43
SJIF
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FACTOR
(2020:
5.
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)
(2021:
5.
857
)
(2022:
6.
397
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
In 1642, the English physician and philosopher Thomas
Browne (1605-1682) in his work Religio Medici ("Beliefs
of doctors") first introduced the term "suicide", which
was formed from the Latin “sui” (self) and “caedere”
(to kill). Sigmund Freud also introduced the concept of
the "death instinct", since in no other way could he
explain what a person is capable of in relation to
himself.
In man, apparently, inherent in the nature of the desire
for self-destruction - all living things around are fighting
for their existence with all their might, some people on
the contrary, invest a huge amount of energy in order
to finally ruin their lives or part with it. In fact, no other
living being has the desire to die, and only man is
capable of self-destruction.
The process of preparing the young generation for a
role in society is the process of socialization. The main
agents of this process should be, first of all, the family
and the state represented by various state institutions,
but at present there has been an absolute substitution
of agents. The media, the Internet, various informal
groups, the street, peers - these are the agents of
socialization of the present time. It is in these circles
that teenagers find their recognition. There are
processes of formation of spiritual and moral principles
in a sophisticated, new format and propagandize it
further to the rising generation. Teenagers develop a
dependent psychology, psychological and moral
instability, a consumer character for everything and a
desire to obtain momentary and everyday pleasure.
Adolescents are very dependent on the opinions of
others social category, which has its own subculture,
but often and easily amenable to manipulation. They
give in to the opinion of their "authoritative" peers, as
well as to various social groups, the media, etc. The
tendency to deviant forms of behavior, prostitution,
drug addiction, alcoholism, illegal acts - and all this, in
most cases, leads to self-destruction, i.e. suicide. When
a teenager is in one area of deviance development, he
will soon succumb to the development of a second,
third, and subsequent form of deviant behavior.
Alcoholism is rapidly getting younger, "recently, the
average age of initiation to alcohol has decreased from
16 to 13 years"[1]. All forms of deviant behavior among
underage adolescents lead to one extreme form of it –
suicide. Unfortunately, suicide statistics among
teenagers have doubled in the past decade. As
sociologists note, this is an area of social pathology
along with the listed forms of deviation. Suicide, first of
all, its statistics reflect the state of society.
Suicidal behavior in most cases is not the result of a
single cause, but simultaneously acting and interacting
systems of motives. But, it is necessary to understand
that each case of suicide is individual, and it is not
necessary to equalize it under any template. Although,
it can be noted that General trends still exist. Based on
this, a system of causes of suicide in adolescence has
been identified: a dysfunctional family; social isolation
of the child; the use of drugs, alcohol, etc.
The problem of suicidal behavior was considered by
ancient philosophers (Socrates, Aristotle, Plato, L. A.
Seneca, Sartre, Kant, etc.), and modern scientists are
also interested in the causes of suicide: K. V. Zorin, V. E.
Chudnovsky, V. Frankl, A.V. Martynov, V. N.
Karandyshev, G. Chkhartishvili, F. Arses, etc. The main
reason for suicidal behavior, from a philosophical point
of view, is the problem of losing the meaning of life [1].
It is necessary to note the work of domestic
researchers, who at the turn of the 19-20 centuries
expressed the "axial" preventive idea of joint efforts of
the state, the public, the family, and the school in the
fight against the" epidemic of school suicides " [2].
They noted the role of school problems in the
emergence of suicidal tendencies (N. K. Krupskaya, B.
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Publisher:
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O. Rovich, A. G. Trachtenberg, M. ya. Phenomenov, V.
G. Khlopin); the high potential of the school in their
inhibition (I. E. Moisel, P. A. Sorokin); the influence of
age characteristics on suicidal aspirations (G. I. Gordon,
I. p. Ostrovsky, V. K. Khoroshko); psychological causes
of adolescent suicide (A. N. Ostrogorsky).
Very important are the works of the teacher A.V.
Bernatsky on pedagogical support for children in crisis
and the doctor I. A. Sikorsky, the teacher A. N.
Ostrogorsky on the need to educate teachers and
parents in the prevention of suicide of children [3].
The most important conceptual models of suicidal
behavior that can be used as the basis for creating
prevention programs are socio-cultural, medical, and
environmental [4].
Emile Durkheim, a representative of sociology,
considered suicide in more detail in his book "Suicide.
Sociological study" (1912) and gave the definition of "
suicide" suicide is any case of death that is directly or
indirectly the result of a positive or negative act
committed by the victim himself, if the latter knew
about the expected results" [5, 6]. The Sociological
theory of E. Durkheim refers to suicide as a social
pathology and considers suicide as one of the models
of deviant behavior. This point of view is also held by
modern sociologists.
E. Durkheim called anomie (Greek. A-nomi-lack of law,
norms) - the main cause of suicidal behavior and
identified four types of suicide: abnormal, fatalistic,
egoistic and altruistic. Moreover, he noted that the
regulation of social life includes anomalous and
fatalistic [5].
The psychological cultural theory of suicide by Maurice
Farber is based on a statistical study of the suicide rate
in the Scandinavian countries in the 60s of the XX
century. M Farber deduced the law that "the frequency
of suicides in a population is directly proportional to
the number of individuals with increased vulnerability,
and the scale of deprivation characteristic of this
population" [4]. It follows that the maximum
probability of committing suicide is manifested in a
period of social upheaval, in which the level of
neuroticism (vulnerability) of the population increases
sharply.
The main principles of the socio-cultural theory of
suicide K. Horney formulated in the book "Neurotic
personality of our time", according to which suicidal
behavior is the result of the relationship of socio-
cultural factors and personal characteristics. It has
shown that modern cultural trends give rise to a high
level of anxiety in people, provoking suicidal risk or its
equivalents in the form of various addictions [7].
Many medical professionals believe that suicide is a
sign or consequence of a disease. Disease, in turn, is
the result of the Interaction of certain causes
(biological, genetic, etc.), human and the environment,
such as physical, psychological and social conditions.
The medical model identifies the following areas: the
psychopathological concept of suicide, the biological
concept of suicidal behavior, the anatomical and
anthropological
direction,
the
neurochemical
hypothesis, and the genetic hypothesis.
The founder of the psychopathological concept is the
French psychiatrist of the XVIII century, Jean-Etienne-
Domenic Esquirol. He considers suicide as a
manifestation of acute or chronic disorders. The results
of his psychiatric work he reflected in the manual "on
mental diseases" (1838). In one of the chapters of
which we are talking "about suicide". Jean-Etienne-
Domenic Esquirol considered the manifestations of
suicide as the product of a morbidly altered psyche,
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
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qualifying suicidal manifestations as a symptom of
mental illness [4].
This concept was later developed by Esquirol's
students and followers. French psychiatrist Bourdain in
the treatise "Suicide as a disease" (1845) identified a
special monomania - "suicide mania" [4]. Also
representatives of this direction are P. G. Rozganov,
German psychiatrists Karl Birnbaum and G. Grule,
domestic suicidologists G. I. Gordon and A. G.
Abraumova.
The biological concept of suicidal behavior involves the
consideration of suicidal behavior as a clinical
phenomenon, suggesting the presence of any specific
pathological changes in the div of the suicident.
Since the second half of the XX century, biological
predictors of suicidal behavior have been actively
studied.
C. Lombroso, who is the founder of the anatomical and
anthropological point of view on suicide, considered
various
abnormalities
in
the
structure
and
development of the div to be the cause of suicide.
Prerequisites for suicide are explained by anomalies in
the structure of the skull, which produce a mechanical
effect on the brain, restrict normal mental activity.
English-language authors, based on the speed of
development and speed of changes in adolescence,
call this age period "developmental stress". L. S.
Vygotsky, in turn, believed that the essence of
adolescence is a mismatch of three points of
maturation - sexual, General organic and socio-cultural.
The emergence of introspection, leading to self-
analysis, the appearance of a special interest in their
experiences, dissatisfaction with the outside world,
withdrawal into themselves, the appearance of a sense
of exclusivity, the desire for self-assertion, opposition
to others, conflicts with them-according To L. S.
Vygotsky are characteristic features of a teenager. All
these changes that occur in the personality of a
teenager can serve as the basis for various deviations
in behavior. Behavioral reactions of adolescents can be
the result of sharpenings, character accentuations (I.
S., A. E. Lichko, A. V. Mudrik, A. A. Rean, etc.). If earlier
accentuations were considered an anomaly of
personality, now they are included in the norm
criterion, since they are typical for 90% of adolescents
(Ivanov N. Ya., Lichko A. E., Ivanova T. V.) [8].
Teenagers who have a high suicidal risk exceed
adolescents in terms of extreme behavior, they are
characterized by impaired adaptability in relationships
with others, difficulties in adapting to the conditions of
the social environment. It should be noted that the
effectiveness of adaptation significantly depends on
how well an individual perceives himself and his social
connections, a distorted or insufficiently developed
idea of which leads to violations of adaptation. Such
children perceive the world in a narrow range of their
negative, painful experiences. In turn, the inability to
cope with any stressful situation often leads to a
suicidal attempt. For a suicidal person, it seems that
there is no longer a future for him, it is impossible to
cope with the burden of problems, and the only way
out is complete self-destruction.
A distinctive feature of adolescence is that there are
reflections on the meaning of life and increased
interest in the topic of death. A. E. Lichko identifies
three types of suicidal behavior in adolescents:
demonstrative, affective and true.
Demonstrative suicidal behavior does not always
Express a conscious desire by a teenager to draw
attention to the situation in which he found himself, to
evoke sympathy, to avoid the expected unpleasant
consequences for any actions, to get out of a difficult
situation, and to frighten his enemies (blackmail,
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
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threats, extortion, etc.). Often such a demonstration
ends in a completed suicide, due to an underestimation
of real circumstances.
Affective suicidal behavior is one of the forms of acute
psychogenic reactions that occur against the
background of character accentuations, psychopathies
or residual phenomena of organic brain damage. In
contrast to demonstrative suicidal reactions, suicidal
protest reactions occur alone. If the fatal outcome did
not occur, then teenagers, as a rule, are ashamed of
their act, try to hide it.
In true suicidal behavior, the intention of a teenager to
commit suicide is often long nurtured, and measures
are taken to ensure that no one interferes with this.
The end result is assumed to be death. However, the
degree of actual desired death is extremely different,
which affects the conditions and ways of implementing
suicidal tendencies. True suicidal behavior in
adolescents is much more common in depressive
States that have different origins [9].
Considering the features of adolescent suicidal
behavior as the most significant mediating specifics of
the active act, it is necessary to take into account such
age-specific manifestations as emotional disorders or
depression. It is based on the depression of all mental
and physical manifestations of a person, in adolescents
it has significant features that distinguish it from
depression in adults. Psychologists distinguish several
types of adolescent depression.
First of all, this is not an adequate assessment of their
actions. The concept of "death" in this period is usually
perceived very abstractly, as something temporary,
similar to a dream; in adolescents, there are no clear
boundaries between a truly suicidal attempt and a
demonstratively blackmailing auto-aggressive act.
The second feature is the frivolity, fleetness and
insignificance of the motives that adolescent suicides
use to explain their motives.
The third feature is that suicidal attempts at this age do
not directly depend on the presence and nature of
symptoms; an extremely important role is given to the
influence of the environment.
And, fourth, suicide in adolescents is primarily
associated with certain types of deviant behavior:
running away from home, skipping school, early
Smoking, conflict relationships with parents, and so on
[11].
Also, when dealing with adolescent suicide, it should
be taken into account that suicides in this age category
are imitative.
In order to develop an effective program for the
prevention of suicidal behavior, it is necessary to
determine the main characteristics of suicidal behavior.
These features were highlighted by E. Schneider and
are as follows:
1.
The Common goal of all suicides is to find a
solution. Suicide is not a random act. It is never
undertaken pointlessly or without purpose. It is a
way out of difficulties, a crisis, or an intolerable
situation.
2.
The Common goal of all suicides is to stop the
awareness of hopelessness in the current critical
situation. A desperate person comes up with the
idea of the possibility of ceasing to exist as a way
out of the situation. The idea gradually unfolds into
an active suicide scenario.
3.
The common stimulus for suicide is mental
(spiritual) illness. If the cessation of consciousness
is what the suicidal person seeks, then the
unbearable mental pain is what he runs away from.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
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Publisher:
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4.
The common stressor in suicide are frustrated
psychological needs. Suicide seems logical to a
frustrated person, since he sees no other way to
meet his important psychological needs and get rid
of the state of frustration.
5.
Common suicidal emotions are helplessness and
hopelessness. When working with a person who is
in a mental turmoil with obvious suicidal
tendencies, it is not advisable to use exhortations,
explanatory conversations, encouragement or
pressure.
6.
Common internal attitude toward suicide is
ambivalence. A person can simultaneously want to
die and want to be saved through the intervention
of others.
7.
The General state of the mind is a narrowing of the
cognitive sphere. Consciousness becomes the
"tunnel". The choices of behavior that are usually
available to the human mind are sharply limited.
8.
The common action in suicide is escape
(aggression). The person intends to leave the
disaster zone. Options for egression include
leaving home or family. Suicide is the ultimate
escape.
9.
The overall communicative act when suicide is a
message of intent. In almost every case, people
who intend to commit suicide, consciously or
unconsciously send distress signals: complain of
helplessness, call for support, and look for ways to
save themselves.
10.
The General pattern of suicide is its compliance
with the General style of behavior in life [1].
Among the most typical motives for suicidal behavior
in adolescents, most researchers identify such
experiences as resentment, loneliness, alienation, loss
of parents or leaving the family of one of the parents,
unrequited love, guilt, hurt self-esteem, jealousy, fear
of punishment, desire for revenge, sexual excesses and
imitation.
Suicidal behavior in adolescence is due to the specifics
of the physiological and psychological processes of the
emerging personality, as well as the features of
psychopathological disorders in the pubertal period.
Dynamism, incompleteness, instability of neurologic
psychic functions in this period, is the basis for the
development of psychopathological reaction and the
formation of socio-psychological maladaptation. This is
due to the fact that in adolescence, during the period
of physiological puberty crisis, exaggerated ways of
emotional response prevail, especially affecting the
intimate and communicative sphere, which can form a
subjectively insoluble conflict and contribute to a
suicidal way of responding. a common cause of suicide
in adolescence is socio-psychological maladaptation,
which occurs under the influence of acute
psychological traumatic situations, violations of the
interaction of the individual with his immediate
environment. However, for children and adolescents,
this is most often not a total maladaptation, but a
violation of communication with relatives and family.
The main signs that a teenager has suicidal moods:
1.
Loss of previously inherent energy-usually
manifests as a constant feeling of boredom and
fatigue. The teenager increasingly prefers to stay
alone, not busy. The predominant mood is
dejection, loss of interest in previous Hobbies, or,
on the contrary, increased nervousness, which is
not caused by anything. Even a slight remark can
bring him out of himself.
2.
Prolonged sleep and appetite disorders. A person
is haunted by terrible dreams, possible pictures of
cataclysms, catastrophes, accidents with the death
of people or their own death or sinister animals. It
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
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Publisher:
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is also possible as a violation of appetite, and its
complete absence.
3.
Excessive self-criticism or constant guilt. It can also
manifest as a pronounced sense of failure, shame,
and self-doubt. Girls and boys who suffer from low
self-esteem, as a rule, lock themselves in, refuse to
make contact even with close relatives. This
syndrome can also be disguised as deliberate
bravado, defiant behavior, or audacity. Under the
slogan "I have nothing to lose", the most stupid,
reckless actions are committed, which can harm
not only the teenager himself, but also others.
4.
Fear, anxiety, and aggression. Depression
manifests itself both in melancholy and in
previously uncharacteristic anxiety, insomnia, and
anxiety. This type of depression often leads to
suicide, because the nervous system is constantly
strained, and the person is "tired of living". The
world loses its once bright colors, and books,
socializing with friends, and Hobbies do not bring
pleasure. It is dangerous that at this moment a
teenager risks losing friends and acquaintances,
since it is quite difficult to maintain a conversation
with a closed, dissatisfied person.
5.
Talk about suicide. A person often talks about this
topic, shows too strong and constant interest. At
the same time, information about suicides is
searched (on the Internet, in books, in the press, in
movies). Topics of interest to a person are
displayed in what surrounds them, what they are
interested in. Older children discuss the human
right to control their lives. Songs, poems, and
drawings emphasize or praise voluntary death.
Take a closer look at what book a teenager reads,
what movies they watch, and what websites they
visit. This is important to pay attention to if he
remains in a state of depression for a long time.
However, this is not a reason to unceremoniously
interfere in their personal life - everyone's right to
freedom of correspondence and privacy should be
respected. It is better to let the child know that he
is not alone, and no matter how bad it is, there are
always those who will listen to him and help with
advice.
6.
Death orders. The teenager gives away to friends
or divides between relatives their things, including
valuable and favorite, tells how he would like to be
buried, what should be done if he is not there.
Many parents noted that before attempting
suicide, the teenager sought to establish
relationships with everyone, suddenly, without any
reason, spoke about how he values and loves his
loved ones, does not accuse them of anything and
does not hold a grudge against them.
Ways to prevent adolescent suicide:
Preventing teen suicide is easier than helping a suicidal
teen. Especially since children who have tried to
commit suicide once are highly likely to try again.
The most important thing is that the child has trusted
people, people with whom he can talk openly, and
counts on their support and understanding. These are
teachers in the Studio, teachers, coaches, family
friends, godparents. Let the teenager know that he
always has someone to turn to with his problems. You
can endlessly say that the father and mother should
devote enough time to their child, treat his problems
with due respect. But now, with the help of more
specific practical advice, a certain line of behavior will
be given, aimed at preventing the appearance of
thoughts of suicide in the adolescent. First of all, it is
necessary to master and use the psychological
techniques of "active listening". That is, learn to listen
and not interrupt the child, even if it is the tenth time
he says, as it seems to you, the same nonsense about
what happened at school or at friends. Talk to them
more often during difficult times in your life. Talk to
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Publisher:
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your son or daughter about the problem of suicide,
explain that all teenagers from time to time dream, and
even try to take their own lives. Mention the
unfortunate people who survive suicide but become
disabled. If you have a personal experience, share it
with your child. Many people may think that it is almost
cruel to talk about this. But what is worse-to remain
indifferent or to present the child with cold facts and
evidence?
In addition, it is worth taking care of the absence of
items with which a teenager can take his own life. This
does not mean that you need to remove all knives and
sharp objects from the field of view. It is enough not to
keep medicines, especially strong ones, and firearms in
the public domain. In a fit of anger or rage, nothing is
easier than to get the cherished box of drugs -
everything happens quickly, quickly. Accordingly, by
removing the most dangerous items, you can
significantly reduce the risk of a desire to try them out
on yourself.
If the condition of a teenager is alarming - do not leave
him alone, try to change the situation, take off the load,
give him new impressions, find an interesting hobby.
Go on a hike, show that the world around you is
beautiful, amazing, and problems are temporary and
solvable. Try listening to positive, cheerful music
together, and reading inspiring works of literature. If
you can, visit psychological training sessions with your
family to ensure that you find an approach to the
teenager. It is worth remembering that his personality
is still in the process of becoming, and the help of
relatives is necessary for him as an additional support.
If signs of preparation for suicide are obvious, you
found a suicide note, etc. - be sure to contact
psychologists, do not leave the teenager alone. If there
is a suicide attempt, it is better to hospitalize the child
in order to save his life and prevent new attacks of
suicidal moods. Unfortunately, there is still an opinion
that people who have attempted suicide are mentally
ill, so they should be separated from members of
society. This is only partially true, since among suicides
there
are
absolutely
sane
and
adequate.
Unfortunately, life is developing in such a way that not
everyone, and especially teenagers, are able to
withstand the pressure of external conditions.
And now, after considering ways to prevent
adolescent suicide by parents, let's turn to teachers
and their role in the life of an emerging personality. It
is no secret that teenagers spend a lot of time at
school, so the atmosphere in the team and the
teacher's adequate assessment of the state of each
individual in many ways help the child cope with their
problems.
School is a place where teenagers spend a third of the
day, it seems an ideal medium for carrying out a
program of suicide prevention. Many people will be
right if they say that such children need the help of
specialists. Loading an inexperienced teacher with
work with suicides means putting him in a difficult
situation: you need to help, but you do not have the
necessary knowledge. Let's start with the fact that we
will assign the teacher a role in working with such
teenagers. This role can be defined as: assistance in the
timely identification of such children and primary
prevention.
The teacher's help in identifying such children in
advance can be expressed in the fact that often
communicating with the child, he can see signs of a
problem state: tension, apathy, aggression, etc.
The teacher can draw the attention of the school
doctor, parents, and school administration to this
teenager. The older teenager can offer an explanatory
conversation, in which he explains that he sees his
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
41
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
33-43
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
(2022:
6.
397
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
condition and advises to contact a psychologist,
psychotherapist, as it requires the work of a specialist.
Even this role of a teacher bears fruit. It is only
important for the teacher to put a little sincere
sympathy and warmth into such work. Recognizing a
suicidal threat and talking to a suicidal person about
their intentions is first aid. Below are the basic rules
that a teacher should follow to prevent suicide in a
teenager.
Don't push them away if they decide to share their
problems with you, even if you are shaken by the
situation. Remember that teenagers with suicidal
tendencies rarely seek professional help.
Trust your intuition if you feel suicidal tendencies in this
teenager. Do not ignore the warning signs - it may help
save more than one life.
Don't offer anything you can't guarantee. For example,
"of Course your family will help you." Unfortunately,
not all teenagers have a warm relationship with their
relatives. The atmosphere within a family can be very
cold. Therefore, let us know that you want to help him,
but you do not see the need to keep everything secret
if some information may affect his safety.
Keep calm and don't judge, no matter what you say, try
to do it sincerely. Try to determine how serious the
threat is. Know that questions about suicidal thoughts
do not always lead to attempts to commit suicide. In
fact, the teen may feel relieved to be aware of the
problem.
Try to find out if he has a plan of action. A specific plan
is a sign of real danger, whether it is a desire to put
things in order before death, writing a suicide note,
and so on.
Convince the teenager that there is always a person to
whom you can turn for help, even if this person is a
teacher himself.
Don't offer simplistic solutions like "All You need now
is a good night's sleep, you'll feel better in the
morning."
Show the teen that you want to talk about feelings,
that you don't judge them for those feelings. Last but
not least, help the teen understand how to manage a
crisis situation and understand that severe stress
makes it difficult to fully understand the situation.
Unobtrusively advise you to find a solution. Help find
people or places that can reduce the stress you are
experiencing. At the slightest opportunity, act so as to
reduce the pressure somewhat.
Summing up, it can be noted that the problem of
suicidal behavior of adolescents is caused by a complex
of factors of an objective and subjective nature, and it
can only be solved by combining the efforts and
coordinated actions of specialists from different
departments providing social, human rights, medical,
psychological, informational and other types of
assistance. In this regard, prevention of suicidal
behavior is a key element in minimizing suicidal
tendencies and reducing suicides in adolescents. At the
same time, it is extremely important that programs
aimed at preventing suicide are based on a specific
model of behavior change.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
42
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
33-43
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
(2022:
6.
397
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
Fig. 1. Psychological Test "Gorge" Tendency to depression
This, at first glance, simple test will help determine the
state of a teenager at a given time. The picture shows
a gorge. It is suggested to draw a person and finish
drawing the background (sky, sun, house, trees, grass,
etc.). you need to draw everything that seems to be a
necessary addition to this picture.
Key to the test
If the figure with black color of the walls and if the walls
of the gorge, circled a few times, completely filled or
covered with strokes-it suggests that in the moment,
drawing in a bad mood, but it's not confirmed that he
has a tendency to depression, perhaps in the moment
the teenager is bad and the mood it displays on paper.
But, if the walls of the gorge are covered with cracks,
then probably the teenager closes in his troubles and
carries a lot in himself, does not share his problems
with anyone, and periodically falls into depression. If
there are a lot of cracks on the rocks, then you should
be wary: the artist is prone to prolonged and deep
depressions, he needs the help of a specialist.
If the drawing shows a person at the bottom of a
gorge, it means that the person drawing is in despair
and very much needs help, which he can't get from
anyone. However, if animals or people are drawn on
the rock above, then there may be a person who can
help him.
If a person is drawn on a rock and looks down into a
gorge, it means that at this moment in life there is a
difficult situation. It is necessary to make an important
decision, without hesitation or hesitation, without
being afraid to take responsibility.
If the drawing shows a person going down a cliff, it
means that the person who is drawing does not like
himself, is engaged in self-eating and torments himself
with criticism for any reason.
Volume 04 Issue 03-2022
43
The American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations
(ISSN
–
2689-100x)
VOLUME
04
I
SSUE
03
Pages:
33-43
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2020:
5.
525
)
(2021:
5.
857
)
(2022:
6.
397
)
OCLC
–
1121105668
METADATA
IF
–
8.106
Publisher:
The USA Journals
If a smile is drawn on the person's face, it means that
the person drawing is used to hiding their sad mood
from others.
The gorge, which is completely covered with plants, i.e.
flowers, grass or trees, indicates that there is no
tendency to depression. Also, the presence of the sun
high in the sky indicates the absence of depression.
If the gorge is flooded with water, this indicates that
the tendency to depression has not yet fully
manifested, but it is undoubtedly present, and can
manifest itself at any time.
When analyzing the test, you should consider the
results of the drawing as information that is worth
paying attention to for further development of the
strategy.
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