Vol. 6 No. 07 (2024): Volume 06 Issue 07

In this article, the author focused on the work to be done, problems and prospective plans for determining the value of documents. As a result of his research, the author reflected his scientific approach by studying foreign experience. Important normative legal documents that existed in Uzbekistan during the Soviet and independence years for the introduction of the expertise of the value of documents and were adopted in this regard during the following years were analyzed. While researching the issue of the organization of expert evaluation of the value of documents, the author took into account the existing material, technical and personnel capabilities of the archives. It is said that new approaches and suggestions for determining the value of documents will be presented, creating modern opportunities for implementation.

The advent of open source software (OSS) and its emphasis on transparency, cooperation, and innovation has shaken up the software business. This article delves into the mechanics of open-source software development, specifically looking at how coder communities interact to shape software projects. Core developers, contributors, and users are all part of the socio-technical systems we dissect in these communities. We examine the impact of governance structures, collaboration tools, and community standards on the success and sustainability of OSS initiatives through case studies. We also look into the difficulties that OSS communities encounter, including keeping code quality, handling conflicts, and ensuring everyone can participate. Our research shows that good communication, strong leadership, and a common goal are crucial. When building solid and sustainable OSS ecosystems. This research offers insights into practical strategies for cultivating active programmer communities and maintaining the expansion of open-source projects.

Using Jean-François Lyotard's ideas from The Postmodern Condition as a starting point, this study examines the postmodern elements in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot. The themes and structure of Beckett's work are consistent with Lyotard's rejection of big narratives and postmodern knowledge's decentralized, fragmented character. An embodiment of Lyotard's skepticism and celebration of the "incredulity towards metanarratives" is waiting for Godot, with its circular narrative, enigmatic characters, and existential reflections. This research shows how Beckett's portrayal of waiting, uncertainty, and the quest for meaning resounds with the postmodern state by looking at the play's artistic choices and thematic aspects. The character's words and deeds or lack thereof reflect the play's postmodernist alignment with meaning instability and the deconstruction of conventional storytelling. Viewed through this prism, Lyotard's Waiting for Godot becomes the prototypical postmodern work, summarising his theoretical claims.

The Deserted Village, by Oliver Goldsmith, movingly depicts the themes of longing for a simpler time and industrialization's destruction of rural communities. This essay delves into how Goldsmith conjures up a deep yearning for a time gone by through his expressive language and detailed descriptions. Analysis of the poem's imagery, structure, and themes demonstrates Goldsmith's criticism of the economic and societal shifts that force rural populations to leave their homes. The poem's introspective atmosphere and melancholy tone highlight the profound relationship between identity and memory as Goldsmith laments the loss of ancient values and the simplicity of country life. By dissecting important sections, this research shows how The Deserted Village is still relevant today as a reflection on the effects of modernity and the common human desire for a simpler time.

The paper analyzes the postmodernist perspectives on time and space portrayed in literature. Postmodernism, as a literary and cultural movement, questions conventional ideas about time and space by highlighting their flexibility, disintegration, and subjective characteristics. Postmodernist literature frequently feature non-linear storylines that blur the distinctions among past, present, and future, interrupting the conventional linear flow of time. Postmodernist literature examines how space is created and dismantled, highlighting its dependence on social and political factors. Spaces are considered to be socially produced structures that mirror and sustain power dynamics and social hierarchies. This paper summarizes the main features of postmodernist perspectives on time and space, emphasizing their influence on narrative organization, identity development, and the examination of power dynamics. The paper highlights the impact of postmodernist views on time and space, such as disrupting conventional narratives, shifting authority, and offering different interpretations of reality. This abstract provides insights on how postmodernist literature questions traditional concepts of time and space, creating opportunities for fresh inquiry and interpretation.

The current research aims to test the impact of internal audit in improving the quality of financial reports within the sample of the study, 230 questionnaires were distributed to auditors and accountants working in companies listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange and were subjected to a set of statistical tests and concluded that the internal auditor has a significant role in improving the quality of financial reports and The importance of users of financial reports in making rational investment decisions and also metrics based on the main characteristics of financial reports are one of the most critical measures of the quality of financial reports.

At the beginning of the 21st century, due to the coming to power of the “Justice and Development Party” led by Erdogan, the country’s foreign policy was significantly reformed, taking into account the cultural, historical and geographical features of the Turkish state, as well as the modern geopolitical reality. During the rule of the “Justice and Development Party”, significant changes took place in Turkey’s foreign policy. Turkey began to pay more attention to national interests than in the second half of the 20th century. In the course of the transformation of modern international relations, the foreign policy of the Republic of Turkey is formed under the influence of both internal and external factors, and is becoming a clearly defined multi-vector feature. In this article, the directions of Turkey's foreign policy in the system of modern international relations were scientifically analyzed.

The main thrust of this research was to contribute to theory building in the Theory of Higher Education (PPT) and their applicability in Oman and globally looking at the broader issues of students, academic work, and the place for higher education in society. The research explored gaps in knowledge regarding this theory as a contribution to knowledge, and in this instance, the Oman and global higher education industry was the epicentre of the research and was expected to meet foremost the needs of industry and government as employers of graduated students, then the needs of students and society in knowledge and innovation. This research was conceptual research using literature review only. A barrier is anything that prevents the system from achieving its goal likegetting enough students, doing academic work and finally poor resourcing. The main reasons giving rise to this research were the facts that some colleges and universities in the world faced challenges in assessment, quality, graduate employability and suitability for industry. The main objective of this research was to contribute to theory building in the Theory of Higher Education and identify critical success factors. The secondary objective was employability of graduates as the end product, maximising knowledge creation and innovation. Qualitative research method in the form of conceptual research was used in this research. The main findings were that lack of practicals/diverse teaching methods, lack of compulsory internship, unfair assessment, balancing classes with free time, the need for diversity in terms of faculty, uncommitted students, incompetent faculty, outdated syllabus, students from high schools not being college ready, graduates not matching industry requirements were the main issues.

Land use land cover changes have to a great extent changed the world's landscapes, rebuilding environments and what they provide to humans during the time spent supporting the rising population across the globe. The drivers of these changes vary from location to location causing varying effects that challenge the essential design and the functioning capacity of the land quality with flowing consequences to land quality. A cross sectional descriptive design together with a longitudinal design were used. A random sampling was used to obtain a sample size of 384 from a study population of 113,476. Based on agriculture, forest land, bare land and built up land categories, the study classified Landsat images through supervised classification algorithm then applied post - classification comparison change detection to measure land use land cover percentage area change over time. Primary data was collected through interviews and discussions with key informants, field observations, and questionnaires administered to individual households in Khwisero Sub County. Secondary data involved downloading Landsat images (Landsat 7, 8 and 9; 30-meter multispectral), summaries and citation of other works carried in journals articles, original documents, annual reports, development plans and internet. Quantitative data analysis involved measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion (SPSS) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Qualitative data was analysed by organizing and grouping the arising issues into various categories relevant to the study. Land use land cover classification of the study area realized four land use land cover classes of agriculture 81.34 km², forest 52.75 km², built up 8.86 km² and bare land 2.65 km² for the study area as at 2023. Change detection noted that agricultural land use has been reducing from 2002 to 2023, built up has been increasing from 2002 to 2023, bare land increased between 2002 to 2012 but decreased between 2012 and 2023 while forests reduced between 2002 to 2012 but increased between 2012 to 2023   Accuracy assessment for the land use land cover classes for 2002 was 85.45% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.756, 2012 was 83.64% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.5454 while 2023 was 81.82% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.6034 for the land use land cover classes revealing that the classification is accurate. The study revealed that LULCCs are driven by settlement, poverty and climate change mostly thus affecting cropland vegetation and soil fertility majorly. The study concluded that LULCC drivers varied from location to location even within the sub county. The study recommends creation of awareness of understanding the various drivers of LULCCs and impact of each on land quality.

This article analyzes the interpretation of democratic ideas and principles in the West and the East. In particular, the article is based on the scientific analysis of the fact that in the West, democracy is primarily focused on the development of technologies based on the person and his interests, rights and freedoms, and in the democratic values of the East, democracy is based on the ideas of equality, freedom and tolerance of social and social groups.

Since becoming the president of Cuba, Miguel Díaz-Canel has carried out many reforms to revive the Cuban economy, which has suffered from illness for many years. Díaz-Canel's management measures and constitutional reforms aim to rebuild the economy, strengthen internal resources to recover and develop key economic sectors, and increase the export value of goods. This is evident in Cuba's current financial landscape. The article’s objective is to review the Cuban economy before Miguel Díaz-Canel presidency, analyze changes in legal policies for the private economic sector, and Policy reforms on foreign direct investment and international cooperation.  Therefore, the article indicates the reforms aim to eliminate obstacles to economic progress, foster international economic collaboration, and attract foreign investments under Miguel Diaz-Canel's leadership.

Among the topics of modern international relations, the issue of "soft power" is one of the most studied current topics.  The processes taking place in the system of international relations show that today the tasks of influencing people's world view, penetrating deeply into the internal cultural roots of societies, and making effective use of the large-scale power of the media are important conditions for conducting foreign policy. This article highlights the soft power of Turkey, which was able to create a unique phenomenon in Afghanistan by combining elements of historical, religious, cultural and ethnic affinity, and the structures that implement it.

This article tries to study the Taliban movement and its relationship with Pakistan, which represents a part of the political processes taking place in international relations, Pakistan's ambitions in Afghanistan, the reasons for its dynamic changes and its results. The article helps to understand how the Taliban movement came to power and the role of Pakistan in this process.

Administrative reforms are an important part of political reforms, an important part of reforms and development of China. Administrative reforms include the evolution of administrative power structures, regulation of administrative organization, administrative management systems, innovation of administrative tools, etc. 40 years after that how China's attempts at reform began, it seems that administrative reforms have made great progress. Be that as it may, this is confirmed by studying great course and valuable experience of administrative reforms in China. In addition, studying and exploration of key issues aimed at continuously advancing reforms can be of great importance for a deep understanding of the great achievements of reform and discovery, continuous deepening of reforms of administrative systems and coordinated promotion of the “Four Comprehensive Steps” strategy layout.

This article compares the situation in France and Germany regarding the securitization of migration. The analysis shows that France is more lenient towards immigrants than Germany and views immigration more as a threat to national statehood. Germany views it as a threat to national security. It also turns out that the issue of immigration has become a subject of debate between the extreme right and left in both countries.

In recorded human history, climate-related hazardous events have always existed; however, climate change has proved to have the potential to increase their severity and the likelihood of creating public health risks. In Bayelsa State, a sizable portion of the population has been reported to be suffering from gastrointestinal disorders particularly diarrhea and a number of children have been diagnosed of gastroenteritis and helminthes infections in the year 2021. Again, preventing exposure and contact to human waste, especially in dense urban settings requires the safe management of the entire sanitation service chain involving multiple actors and exposed groups in the collection, transport, treatment, disposal and end use of sanitation waste.  To that end, a review of scientific literature, particularly the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2014), the WHO discussion Paper on Climate, Sanitation and Health (WHO, 2019) and the Bayelsa State SSP zero draft of 2021, is undertaken to ensure that climate change outcomes are considered within the Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) risk assessment, planning and management processes. The SSP is a WHO risk based management tool for the safe use and disposal of grey water, wastewater and excreta developed in 2006 because in 2018 the WHO concluded that sanitation interventions have shown lower than expected health outcomes. Evidently therefore, the Bayelsa State SSP zero draft of 2021 reports that between March and April 2021, over 200 cases were reported from over 30 communities arising from the outbreak of acute-gastroenteritis suspected to be of cholera, and casualty figures were over 26. Hopefully, the first comprehensive Guidelines on Sanitation and Health which aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and offer guidance to ensure international, national and local sanitation policies and programmes that effectively protect public health, was launched by the WHO in 2018. It is a step-by-step risk based approach to implementing local level risks assessment and a management tool for the entire sanitation service chain covering containment, conveyance, treatment and end use of disposal. Consequently, the SSP is hereby recommended for adoption in Bayelsa State and Niger Delta Region.

The article examines various aspects of love and its manifestations in the context of various cultural traditions. The author analyzes how cultural norms, values, and historical conditions influence the perception and expression of love in different societies. Particular attention is paid to the comparative analysis of the concepts of love in Western and Eastern cultures, as well as the study of specific forms and rituals associated with love in traditional and modern communities. The article demonstrates that love, despite its universal nature, acquires unique features and meanings depending on the cultural context in which it manifests itself.

This article describes the specific features and function of poetic inversion in a literary text.

This research explores the significance of community engagement in fostering municipal culture and identity through shared spaces and stories. By examining diverse approaches and case studies, the study illuminates how communal narratives and public spaces contribute to cohesive social identities within municipalities. The analysis underscores the role of inclusive cultural practices in promoting unity, resilience, and collective well-being in local communities.

This study explores the dynamics of reader engagement in Medan's newspapers, examining the patterns, factors, and implications of audience interaction with local print media. Through a mixed-methods approach, including content analysis and reader surveys, the research identifies key engagement metrics such as frequency of readership, types of content consumed, and levels of reader interaction. The findings reveal significant trends in how different demographic groups engage with Medan's newspapers, highlighting the influence of digital media, cultural factors, and editorial strategies on reader behavior. The study also discusses the implications of these engagement patterns for newspaper publishers, suggesting potential strategies for enhancing reader interaction and sustaining readership in a rapidly evolving media landscape. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the local media ecosystem in Medan, providing valuable insights for journalists, media practitioners, and scholars interested in media studies and audience engagement.