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EDUCATIONAL SERVICES AND THEIR SOCIO-ECONOMIC
SIGNIFICANCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY OF THE
NEW UZBEKISTAN
Mansurova Muzaffarra Makhsudovna
–
Lecturer at the Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
Email: mansurovam1919@gmail.com
Abstract:
The article analyzes the trends and prospects for the development
of educational services in New Uzbekistan, their impact on improving the skills of
the workforce, the development of innovative technologies and improving the
social welfare of the population. Particular attention is paid to reforms in the
educational sphere aimed at improving the quality of education, the availability of
educational services, as well as the development of the private sector in this area.
Various forms of educational services are considered, including traditional schools,
higher education institutions, advanced training courses, as well as online
education, which is becoming increasingly popular in the country.
The author emphasizes that education and educational services are the most
important catalysts for change in the economy, ensuring the creation of a
competitive labor force, stimulating economic growth and social mobility. In
conclusion, it is emphasized that for the successful integration of Uzbekistan into
the global economy, it is necessary to continue investing in the educational sphere,
which will have a long-term positive impact on the development of the country.
Key words:
Educational services, investing in human capital, investing in
the future, skilled labor force, labor market, subjects of educational services,
objects of educational services, personal development, state educational
institutions, paid educational services.
Аннотация:
В статье анализируются тенденции и перспективы
развития образовательных услуг в Новом Узбекистане, их влияние на
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повышение квалификации рабочей силы, развитие инновационных
технологий и улучшение социального благосостояния населения. Особое
внимание уделяется реформам в образовательной сфере, направленным на
повышение качества образования, доступности образовательных услуг, а
также на развитие частного сектора в этой области. Рассматриваются
различные формы образовательных услуг, включая традиционные школы,
высшие учебные заведения, курсы повышения квалификации, а также
онлайн
-
образование, которое становится всё более
популярным в стране.
Автор подчёркивает, что образование и образовательные услуги
являются важнейшими катализаторами изменений в экономике, обеспечивая
создание конкурентоспособной рабочей силы, стимулируя экономический
рост и социальную мобильность. В заключение, подчеркивается, что для
успешной интеграции Узбекистана в мировую экономику необходимо
продолжать инвестиции в образовательную сферу, что окажет
долговременное положительное влияние на развитие страны.
Ключевые слова:
Образовательные услуги, инвестирование в
человеческий капитал, инвестирование в будущее, квалифицированная
рабочая сила, рынок труда, субъекты образовательных услуг,
объекты
образовательных
услуг,
развитие
личности,
государственные
образовательные учреждения, платные образовательные услуги.
In recent years, New Uzbekistan has made significant changes to the
education system, recognizing the importance of developing human capital for
economic growth. Education is a key factor determining the country’s
competitiveness in the global economy. This article examines the impact of
educational services on the socio-economic development of New Uzbekistan.
First, education plays an important role in shaping a skilled workforce. With
the development of new technologies and changes in the economy, the skill
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requirements for workers also change. Educational services help prepare highly
qualified specialists capable of working effectively under modern conditions. This
contributes to increased labor productivity and ultimately stimulates economic
growth.
Second, education forms the foundation for innovation and the development
of new economic sectors. Through educational programs and research, universities
and other educational institutions create new knowledge and technologies that can
be applied across various business areas. This fosters the growth of innovative
startups, attracts investment, and creates new jobs.
Third, education promotes entrepreneurship and self-employment. New
knowledge and skills acquired through education can be used to start and grow
one’s own business. Entrepreneurship is an important factor in economic growth
because it helps create jobs, improve living standards, and reduce unemployment.
Finally, education contributes to the development of human capital and
social mobility. The higher the education level in the country, the more
opportunities citizens have to obtain well-paid jobs and improve their social status.
This helps reduce inequality and supports sustainable economic growth.
Given that the education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan is unified and
continuous, education proceeds in stages:
1st stage
–
preschool education;
2nd stage
–
general secondary education;
3rd stage
–
secondary specialized and vocational education;
4th stage
–
higher education;
5th stage
–
postgraduate education;
6th stage
–
professional development and retraining;
7th stage
–
extracurricular education.
1
http://uzbekistan-geneva.ch/sistema-obrazovaniya-respubliki-uzbekistan.html
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It is also worth noting that private and public educational institutions have
the right to provide paid additional educational services to those who wish, such as
training under supplementary educational programs, teaching specialized courses
and subject cycles, classes with in-depth study of subjects, and other educational
services.
Recently, the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan has adopted
numerous regulatory documents aimed at developing and improving the quality of
education for the population. For example, “In order to form knowledge and skills
among school students, to educate them in the spirit of loyalty to national and
universal values, to enhance the prestige of the teaching profession and the quality
of teachers, to improve textbooks and teaching-methodological complexes based
on modern requirements, and to build modern models of public education
institutions that meet international standards,” the Presidential Decree of the
Republic of Uzbekistan “On the Strategy of New Uzbekistan Development for
2022
–2026” dated January 28, 2022, No. UP
-
60, and the Decree “On Approva
l of
the National Program for the Development of Public Education in 2022
–2026”
dated May 11, 2022, No. UP-134 were adopted.
Educational activity is equated with educational services, under which many
various but similar definitions are given. For example, A. Skalkin in his article
defines educational services as “an element of educational activity with specific
goals and subjective composition. The goals of educational services are the transfer
of knowledge, skills, the formation of professional abilities, and their acquisition
by learners. The subjects of educational services are educational organizations
represented by teaching staff and learners wishing to receive education at a certain
level.”
2
Presidential Decree of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Approval of the National Program for the Development
of Public Education for 2022
–
2026" dated May 11, 2022, No. UP-134.
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Another important definition is given by V.N. Zotov: “An educational
service is the volume of academic and scientific information transmitted to a citizen
in the form of a set of general and specialized knowledge, as well as practical skills
conveyed to th
e citizen according to a specific program.”
Agreeing with all these definitions, one can conclude that an educational
service is the relationship between a person seeking certain knowledge and the
provider of this knowledge, either on a paid or free basis. Educational services
directly participate in the formation of human capital since the process of service
provision is integrated with the creation of spiritual values, transformation, and
development of the learner’s personality, which in turn helps reduce the country’s
poverty level.
Educational services have their own specifics, which manifest both in
traditional characteristics and traits unique only to educational services. One
specificity is that they belong to the category of “public goods.” Another lies in the
impossibility of direct monetary measurement. The pricing mechanism often fails
to reflect all the costs of producing educational services. This is explained by the
absence of a physical form and material expression of results, their consumption
during the activity, and the fact that they inherently contain a beneficial effect.
While in the material sphere they can be measured quantitatively (e.g., pieces or
kilograms per unit of production), in educational services this is difficult, i.e.,
services generate intangible goods. Property rights do not apply to these goods: the
result of educational services is the attainment of a certain level of education,
implying a paid nature of the services. Services are provided for a certain fee.
However, the educational process in public educational institutions within the main
educational programs and state educational standards is free of charge, and
contracts for educational services are not drawn up for these processes.
3
Зотов
В.Н. Разработка стратегии и тактики маркетинговой деятельности вузов на рынке образовательных
услуг и научно
-
технической продукции: Автореф. на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических
наук. –
М.: РЭА им. Г
.
В
.
Плеханова
, 1997.
–
21
с
.
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Furthermore, another distinguishing feature of educational services is the
multiplicity of goals set for organizations providing these services. Typically, the
activities of educational institutions are not directly aimed at profit generation;
many of their interests are related to the growth of welfare, which implies
“obtaining profit necessary to ensure expanded reproduction.”
From some theoretical economic perspectives, educational services can be
classified as pure private goods. The significant positive external effect of
educational services also allows classifying them as socially important private
goods.
As one type of socio-economic good, educational services are supplementary
in non-core educational institutions, exceed state educational standards and the
costs required for production and consumption, and require appropriate
compensation. At the same time, the volume of educational services offered can be
increased by hiring qualified teachers, expanding classroom capacity, additional
funding, etc.
The knowledge, skills, and specialties acquired through educational services
are, on one hand, motives for consumers when they enter the educational services
market. An individual strives to use educational services to find the most suitable
niche in the labor market. In the context of competition between educational
institutions, consumers can choose based on various factors. Educational services
are characterized by the knowledge, skills, and abilities the consumer gains, as well
as the specialty obtained as a final result.
Factors influencing consumer motivation when choosing educational
services include primary and additional advantages of the educational organization.
Important for consumers are the duration, type, and form of education, the
qualification level of teachers
, the educational institution’s material base, including
classrooms equipped with modern teaching aids, etc. To attract potential
consumers, educational institutions offer additional benefits such as supplementary
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courses for professional development or retraining, diplomas, certificates, free
consultations, and certain privileges. Thus, from an economic perspective, concepts
like “augmented product” and “potential good” are applied to attract consumers.
The consumer’s desire to acquire knowledge, skills, and abilities that provide
advantages in the labor market also defines another key feature of educational
services: the mutual activity of both the service provider and the recipient. This
characteristic distinguishes educational services from most others, where the client
remains a passive party.
At the same time, such paid educational activities have not been considered
entrepreneurial. Researchers of educational legislation note both positive and
negative aspects of introducing the concept of “educational services” into
regulatory acts. Positive aspects include:
The legalization of paid forms of education;
Use of the concept “educational services” in educational legislation allowing
civil-law regulation of social relations in education;
Promotion of competition in the educational services market;
Paid educational services providing additional non-state funding sources for
public educational institutions;
Granting financial autonomy to certain higher education institutions and
some powers to the Cabinet of Ministers and ministries, including transferring
foreign students from overseas universities to state universities in Uzbekistan and
setting internal rules for students.
All these measures aim to create conditions for entrepreneurship and
business development and accelerate the implementation of innovative
developments in science and education. For example, the Presidential Decree “On
the Concept of Higher Education Development in the Republic of Uzbekistan until
2030” dated October 8, 2019, No. UP
-5847, outlines plans to improve education
and educational services in Uzbekistan. This concept supports the
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internationalization of higher education and requires some universities to have an
international ranking.
It is important to note that the country prioritizes improving the quality of all
three levels of education (primary, secondary, and higher), rather than focusing on
just one. About 44.4% of total social expenditure is allocated to financing large-
scale educational policy.
In conclusion, educational services play a key role in the economic growth
of New Uzbekistan. They contribute to the formation of a skilled workforce, the
development of innovation and entrepreneurship, and the improvement of
education levels and social mobility. Proper investment in education can become
the main driving force for achieving sustainable and long-term economic growth
in New Uzbekistan.
References:
1.
Law
of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On Education,”
adopted by the
Legislative Chamber on May 19, 2020, and approved by the Senate on August 7,
2020.
2.
Presidential Decree
of the Republic of Uzbekistan “
On Approval of the
National Program for the Development of Public Education for 2022
–2026”
dated
May 11, 2022, No. UP-134.
3.
Зотов В.Н. Разработка стратегии и тактики маркетинговой деятельности
вузов на рынке образовательных услуг и научно
-
технической продукции:
Автореф. на соискание ученой степени кандидата экономических наук. –
М.:
РЭА им. Г.В. Плеханова, 1997. –
21 с.
4.
Мансурова М.М. «Социально
-
экономическая сущность понятия
«образовательные услуги» и повышение их роли в современном
Узбекистане», Journal of Education, Ethics and Value Vol. 2, No. 4, 2023
ISSN:2181-4392.
5.
http://uzbekistan-geneva.ch/sistema-obrazovaniya-respubliki-
uzbekistan.html
