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REHABILITATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Xurramova Kamola O‘ktamovna
Student of the Termez branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy
Annotation:
Individuals with physical disabilities constitute a social group that
is very diverse in terms of the type of div dysfunction, degree of impairment, time
and causes of the emergence of disability, and the possibility of independent
functioning in the local environment. Common features of physical disabilities include
the threat of marginalization, poverty, and social exclusion, which are often based on
stereotypes. Most individuals with physical disabilities require rehabilitation, and not
only medical rehabilitation. Individuals with physical disabilities also need social
rehabilitation which is important for quality of life. An effective rehabilitation process
needs to be adapted to the individual capabilities and needs of the patient, ensuring
respect for his/her subjectivity and dignity during the therapy process. The
rehabilitation process will need to overcome psychological barriers that hinder the
creation of positive motivation for perseverance and effort in striving for the fullest
possible participation in community life – at local, family, and professional levels.
Contemporary active social policy, as well as, scientific and technical progress, and
widespread computerization of life in all areas means that people with physical
disability have more opportunities for professional work and comprehensive personal
development. These opportunities are particularly important for individuals within the
so-called ‘working age’, and will provide richer involvement in the mainstream of
social life.
Keywords:
physical disability, social rehabilitation, disabled people.
Introduction
Since the first days of independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has paid great
attention to solving the social problems of disabled people. Back in November 1991,
the Law "On Social Protection of Disabled Persons" was adopted. Over the past 23
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years of independence, many laws, regulations and state programs have been adopted
aimed at ensuring social protection of disabled people. The Republic of Uzbekistan was
one of the first, on February 27, 2009, to sign the UN Convention on the Rights of
Persons with Disabilities. The new version of the basic law enshrining the rights of
disabled people in Uzbekistan, "On Social Protection of Disabled Persons", adopted on
July 11, 2008, enshrines most of the provisions of the Convention [1]. A number of
regulatory documents were adopted to implement the new legislation. Among the most
significant are the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers "On measures to improve the
management structure and organization of the medical and labor examination service",
"On approval of the Regulation Senior Lecturer of the Department of Fundamentals of
Building a Democratic Society in Uzbekistan.
Research Intern of the Department of Fundamentals of Building a Democratic
Society in Uzbekistan. Social structure, social institutions and processes 159 on the
individual rehabilitation program for disabled people”, “On approval of the Regulation
on the procedure for reserving jobs for employment of persons in need of social
protection”. In recent years, the Republic of Uzbekistan has formed the main directions
of social protection of disabled people, aimed at the maximum possible integration of
disabled people into society, the creation of a system of rehabilitation of disabled
people, and the formation of an accessible living environment.
One of the most effective methods of including people with disabilities in a full
life is obtaining an education. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, education of people with
disabilities is carried out in two directions: differentiated education in specialized
educational institutions and inclusive education of people with disabilities in general
educational institutions. There are 86 specialized schools and boarding schools, 23
sanatorium-type boarding schools, 122 special preschool institutions in the republic,
where children with disabilities receive correctional assistance. Social rehabilitation
activities include medical and restorative work, correctional education and upbringing,
social and labor orientation due to the specifics of the disease. By the Resolution of the
Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 17, 2007 "On the
activities of specialized professional colleges for people with disabilities" in the
republic 4 colleges were created, in which over 1,500 students with limited physical
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and intellectual abilities study. Graduates of special boarding schools for children with
musculoskeletal disorders and general diseases are admitted to regular academic
lyceums and professional colleges of the republic every year and study in the integrated
education system. However, it must be recognized that the currently established system
of integrated education is only available to people who do not have significant
limitations in life activity [2]. An important task in the field of rehabilitation of disabled
people is their employment. In accordance with the law "On social protection of
disabled people", a minimum number of jobs are reserved in the institutions and
organizations of the republic for the employment of disabled people in the amount of
at least three percent of the number of employees. Based on this provision, since 2010,
about 20,000 quota jobs for disabled people have been created annually in the republic.
The experience of rehabilitation of disabled people in Great Britain is
noteworthy, where care for people with disabilities is provided by a large number of
organizations, namely: private homeowners, the public sector and local authorities. In
Great Britain, the main emphasis is on the ability of a disabled person to take care of
himself independently, for this purpose, social centers help disabled people to acquire
certain skills, for example, shopping in stores, cooking independently, the ability to
independently manage money, visiting public places, developing fine motor skills,
which is ensured in handicraft classes, physiotherapy, drawing, reading, etc. For people
with severe disabilities, rehabilitation is carried out directly in the boarding schools and
boarding houses themselves, as well as in clinics or outpatient clinics, in addition, there
is a practice of placing a disabled person in a hospital for a certain period for the purpose
of rest for his relatives. Another positive experience of Great Britain is the development
and functioning of occupational therapy, where a specialist in this field provides
multifaceted assistance to a disabled person, starting with a simple consultation and
going on to changing the layout of the house. Each hospital has an occupational therapy
department, where a social worker and an occupational therapist develop a joint
program for each client. This program is agreed upon directly with the client and his
family. In social services in Great Britain, there are special services for hiring disabled
people for work. In Germany, there is a Social Security Code, where Chapter IX
"Rehabilitation und Teilhabe behinderter Menschen" aims to encourage self-
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determination and equal participation in society of disabled people and people at risk
of disability, as well as to prevent or counteract deprivation. Rehabilitation of disabled
people in Germany goes through several stages:
1) provision of medical services - preference is given to the outpatient method;
2) assistance in acquiring certain skills for subsequent employment.
The peculiarity of rehabilitation of disabled people in Germany is that the state
and society do this at the earliest stages, even when the disease is detected, with
subsequent reduction or complete elimination of the disease, which can lead to
disability.
Foreign investment projects and public funds provide great assistance in the
rehabilitation of disabled people. The joint project of the Ministry of Labor and Social
Protection of the Population of the Republic of Uzbekistan and UNDP in Uzbekistan
"ACCESS" helps to introduce elements of advanced foreign experience into the
education system. Cooperation with such international organizations as UNESCO,
UNICEF, the Asian Development Bank, the Fund for Support of Social Initiatives
(FSSI) has a positive impact on the integration of children with special educational
needs. Under the program of the pilot project of UNICEF and the Ministry of Public
Education "Organization of support centers for inclusive-correlative education" in the
Republic of Karakalpakstan, Andijan, Namangan, Surkhandarya, Khorezm and
Fergana regions, more than 6,000 disabled children were examined, of which about 600
were integrated into general education schools. The SISF project developed and is
gradually implementing the Concept for the Development of Inclusive Education in
Samarkand, Navoi, Termez. Starting from the 2010-2011 academic year, the SISF
project continued the implementation of inclusive education in 12 academic lyceums
and professional colleges in Angren, Jizzakh, Samarkand, Kokand, Karshi and Termez.
References:
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On social protection of disabled persons
in the Republic of Uzbekistan". Narodnoe slo, July 11, 2008
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2. Materials of the Republican Conference "Implementation of the UN
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Foreign and National
Experience", July 23, 2010, Tashkent.
3. Report of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I. Karimov at a meeting
of the Cabinet of Ministers dedicated to the results of socio-economic development in
2013 and the most important priority areas of the economic program for 2014 //
Narodnoe slo. - January 18, 2014
