Vol. 2 No. 12 (2024)

Мақолада Сурхондарё вилояти Термиз шаҳри шароитида 
Тоғрайҳон (Origanum tytthanthum Gontsch) нинг интродукцияси ва онтогенезини 
ўрганиш бўйича олинган маълумотлар келтирилган.Тажрибалар давомида 
Тоғрайҳоннинг интродукцияси, фенологияси ва гуллаш динамикаси аниқланган. 
Келтирилган натижалар асосида гуллаш биологияси ва экологик омилларга 
муносабатига кўра бир қанча маьлумотлар қайд этилган. 

Zamonaviy tibbiy diagnostika va profilaktika texnik vositalariga bog‘liq bo‘lib qoldi, tabiiyki, ushbu qurilmalar dastur tomonidan boshqariladi, shu jumladan, sun'iy intellekt algoritmlarini o‘z ichiga olgan kompyuter dasturlari. Tibbiyotning eng muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri sifatida jarrohlik amaliyoti zamonaviy robotlashtirilgan qurilmalar tomonidan ham amalga oshiriladi. Jarrohlikda sun'iy intellekt (SI) robotlari tizimlarining moslashuvchanligi va aniqligini sun'iy intellekt texnologiyasining ilg‘or imkoniyatlari bilan birlashtiradi. Ushbu zamonaviy jarrohlik robotlari jarrohlarga murakkab jarrohlik muolajalarini aniqroq va samarali bajarishda yordam berish uchun yaratilgan.

Ushbu maqolada data science sohasi uchun zarur bo‘lgan statistik kompetensiyalar chuqur tahlil qilinadi. Statistik tafakkur, ehtimollik nazariyasi, gipoteza sinovi, regressiya modellari va A/B testlar kabi metodologik yondashuvlarning data science doirasidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Sohaning rivoji uchun takliflar berilgan va statistik kompetensiyalarning tahliliy qaror qabul qilishdagi ahamiyati asoslab berilgan.

This study investigates the complexation process between 5-amino iso-phthalic acid (IPA), cobalt nitrate, and ethylenediamine (EDA) using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The observed vibrational shifts in the spectrum provide evidence of functional group coordination and the formation of a stable metal-ligand complex. The results demonstrate changes in the vibrational frequencies of carboxylate, amino, and cobalt-related bonds, confirming structural modifications during the interaction.

Maqolada menejerning uslubi va imidji tashkilot muvaffaqiyatida qanday ahamiyatga ega ekani tahlil qilinadi. Uslubning menejment jarayonlaridagi o‘rni va imidjning xodimlar va manfaatdor tomonlar bilan samarali muloqotga ta’siri ko‘rib chiqiladi. Metodologik yondashuvlar va amaliy misollar asosida menejerning uslubi va imidjini shakllantirish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar beriladi.

This article explores the integration of digital technologies into modern accounting practices. It examines the benefits, challenges, and opportunities associated with adopting technologies such as AI, blockchain, and cloud-based accounting systems. The study also highlights the evolving role of accountants in a digitalized environment. The findings are based on a literature review and a survey conducted among accounting professionals.

Maqolada kichik yoshdagi o'quvchilarning ilmiy-tadqiqot qobiliyatlarini shakllantirish va tizimni ishlab chiqish haqida so'z boradi. Tadqiqot faoliyati doirasida bo'lajak mutaxassisni uzluksiz innovatsion tayyorlash hamda intelektual loyiha faoliyatiga jalb qilish bo'yicha ish olib borish, o'qituvchi tomonidan tadqiqot mavzularini talabalarning salohiyatidan kelib chiqqan holda tesdiqlab berish.
Tanlangan mavzu bo'yicha adabiyotlarni tahlil qilish metodikalari qolaversa mavzular va talabaning individual ishini tanlagandan so'ng o'qituvchi bilan tadqiqot mavzularining ommaviy tahlilar o’tkazishlari haqida tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Bu yerda talabalar maqsadlarni taqdim etadilar va kelajakdagi dizayn ishlarining maqsadlari va ularni ifodalash ish rejasini tuzib olishlar hamda intelektual qobilyatning rivojlanishi haqida metodik tavsiyalar ilgari surilgan.

Преэклампсия касаллиги таъсирида тўқима ва аъзолардаги ўзгаришлар кам ўрганганлигидан, ушбу ишда преэклампсиядан нобуд бўлган аёллар лимфа тугунларида ривожланадиган патоморфологик ўзгаришларнинг ўзига хослигини аниқлаш мақсад қилиб олинди. Преэклампсияда лимфа тугунлар атрофида шиш кучайиб, синусоидлари кенгайиб, паренхимаси атрофияланади. Лимфа тугунлар паренхимасида морфофункционал майдонлар фарқ қилинмайди, стромаси коллапс, склероз ва ретикулезга учраб атрофияланади.

In this article, discussing the importance of evaluation in determining student‘ reading proficiency in higher education is the paper‘s primary objective. Assisting teachers in determining evaluation criteria and providing students with feedback on their progress in reading comprehension is another objective. The article also describes how assessment methods and evaluation standards are used to different reading comprehension skill levels. The research paper‘s final objective is to show teachers and students the advantages of formative assessment.

Mazkur maqola aksizosti tovarlar narxlarining korxona qiymatiga ta‘sirini tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlanadi. Bunda aksiz solig‘i iqtisodiyotni boshqarishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etib, narx siyosati va davlat soliq tizimini takomillashtirish yo‘nalishlarida dolzarb hisoblanadi. Aksiz solig‘i davlat daromadlarini shakllantirishda va muayyan tovar va xizmatlar iste’molini tartibga solishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Ushbu maqolada aksizosti tovarlar narxlarining korxona qiymatiga taʼsirini takomillashtirish bilan bog‘liq muhim masalalar tahlil qilinadi.

From modern perspectives, peptic ulcer disease is considered a multifactorial poly-etiological disease. The founder of the neurogenic concept of lesion development, G. Bergman, believed that the main role in the pathogenesis is played by functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system with the predominance of the vagus nerve tone. Disruption of the harmonious effect on the stomach of parasympathetic and sympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system leads to the formation of ulcers. The disruption of the sympathetic innervation of the gastroduodenal complex plays a significant role in the development of morpho- functional changes. The flow of sympathetic pulses causes excessive excretion of catecholamines, leading to disruption of tissue trophic processes. Stress stimulates the function of the hypothalamus. This causes hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsin, hypermotorism and hypertonia of the stomach, spasm of the blood vessels and ischemia.

This article examines the methods of teaching vocabulary using a corpus- based approach and also provides some data on how to employ a corpus-based approach in a teaching environment. Furthermore, it reveals some information about the reasons for using a corpus to teach vocabulary and its benefits.

Psixologik kasalliklar inson ruhiyati va hissiyotlariga ta‘sir qiluvchi holatlar bo‘lib, ular turli sabablarga ko‘ra yuzaga kelishi mumkin: genetika, stress, travma yoki atrof-muhit omillari. Psixologik kasalliklar inson ruhiyati, hissiyotlari va xulq-atvoriga ta’sir qiluvchi sog‘liq muammolaridir.Ushbu kasalliklarning keng tarqalgan turlari orasida depressiya, tashvish buzilishlari, shizofreniya, ikki qutbli buzilish va travmadan keyingi stress buzilishi mavjud. Bemorlar odatda kayfiyatning o‘zgarishi, stress, gallyutsinatsiyalar, ijtimoiy qo‘rquv yoki o‘z-o‘ziga qasd qilish fikrlarini boshdan kechirishadi. Muolaja odatda psixoterapiya, dorilar va sog‘lom turmush tarzini qo‘llashni o‘z ichiga oladi. Psixologik sog‘liqni saqlash inson hayot sifati va jamiyatdagi faoliyatiga bevosita ta’sir ko‘rsatadi.

The role of psychology in the academic achievement of foreign language learning is multidimensional, encompassing cognitive, emotional, and social factors that shape the language acquisition process. Psychological principles provide insights into how learners process, retain, and apply new linguistic knowledge, highlighting the importance of motivation, memory, and anxiety management. Motivation, a key psychological factor, drives learners' engagement and persistence. Intrinsic motivation, such as personal interest or cultural appreciation, often leads to better outcomes, while extrinsic motivators, such as career prospects, can sustain effort in challenging tasks.
Cognitive processes like working memory and long-term memory underpin vocabulary acquisition and grammatical understanding. Strategies like spaced repetition and active recall, derived from psychological research, enhance retention. Emotional factors, including anxiety and self-efficacy, also play a critical role. Foreign language anxiety can impede performance, but interventions such as mindfulness and positive reinforcement foster confidence and reduce fear of failure. Self-efficacy—the belief in one’s ability to succeed—encourages learners to persevere through difficulties.

Mazkur maqola O‘zbekiston Respublikasida ichki turizmni rivojlantirishning asosiy yo‘nalishlari, uning o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari va istiqbollari haqida fikr yuritadi.
Maqolada ichki turizmning iqtisodiy, madaniy va ijtimoiy ahamiyati, uning infratuzilmasini rivojlantirishga oid taklif va tavsiyalar ko‘rib chiqilgan. Shuningdek, turizm sohasidagi xalqaro tajribalar va innovatsion yondashuvlardan foydalanish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan.

Mazkur maqolada sud fotografiyasi va video tasvir yozuvi jarayonlari o‘rganilgan. Sud ekspertizalarida mazkur texnologiyalardan foydalanish voqea tafsilotlarini qayta tiklash va jinoyatga oid dalillarni to‘plashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.
Tadqiqot davomida ushbu usullarning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyati yoritilgan.

Mazkur maqolada kriminalistik identifikatsiya va diagnostika jarayonlari o‘rganilgan. Kriminalistikada identifikatsiya subyekt va obyektlarni aniqlashning muhim usuli sifatida qaraladi, diagnostika esa jinoyat hodisalari va ularning sabablari bo‘yicha xulosa chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi. Tadqiqot davomida ushbu metodlarning nazariy va amaliy ahamiyati ko‘rib chiqildi.

В статье рассматриваются основы развития современных тенденций разрешения социальных конфликтов в сфере правосудия. В статье также проанализированы важные социально-правовые свойства альтернативного ведения дел, медиативное соглашения более широкое применение альтернативного порядка судебного производства, расширение его процедуры и видов в свою очередь, поможет устранению социально-правовых конфликтов, вызванных преступлением, путем возмещения ущерба, нанесенного потерпевшему, а также решить проблему восстановления социального статуса совершившего преступление

Individuals with physical disabilities constitute a social group that is very diverse in terms of the type of body dysfunction, degree of impairment, time and causes of the emergence of disability, and the possibility of independent functioning in the local environment. Common features of physical disabilities include the threat of marginalization, poverty, and social exclusion, which are often based on stereotypes. Most individuals with physical disabilities require rehabilitation, and not only medical rehabilitation. Individuals with physical disabilities also need social rehabilitation which is important for quality of life. An effective rehabilitation process needs to be adapted to the individual capabilities and needs of the patient, ensuring respect for his/her subjectivity and dignity during the therapy process. The rehabilitation process will need to overcome psychological barriers that hinder the creation of positive motivation for perseverance and effort in striving for the fullest possible participation in community life – at local, family, and professional levels.
Contemporary active social policy, as well as, scientific and technical progress, and widespread computerization of life in all areas means that people with physical disability have more opportunities for professional work and comprehensive personal development. These opportunities are particularly important for individuals within the so-called ‘working age’, and will provide richer involvement in the mainstream of social life.

Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekistondagi davlat va xususiy 
korxonalarning kapital tuzilmasini takomillashtirish zarurati, uning asosiy omillari 
hamda islohotlarning samarali amalga oshirilishi uchun tavsiyalar keng tahlil qilinadi. 
Davlat va xususiy korxonalar o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro aloqalarni mustahkamlash, moliyaviy
boshqaruv mexanizmlarini rivojlantirish va investitsiyalarni rag‘batlantirish orqali 
iqtisodiyotning turli sohalarida barqaror o‘sishni ta’minlash imkoniyati yaratiladi.
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistondagi xususiy korxonalarning kapital tuzilmasi, uning 
tarkibiy qismlari, boshqaruv strategiyalari va unga ta’sir qiluvchi omillar tahlil 
qilinadi

This article examines the importance of vitamins for human health, 
their biological functions and their role in the body. The negative consequences of a 
deficiency of various vitamins and methods of their elimination are analyzed. 
Recommendations are also given on the sources of vitamins, the amount of daily needs 
and their correct use. The article includes measures to prevent and treat vitamin 
deficiency-related diseases and focuses on the role of vitamins in a healthy lifestyle.

Maqolada O‘zbekistonda g‘aznachilik axborot tizimi joriy etilishi, 
tizimning dolzarbligi asoslab berilgan. Shu bilan birga, uning nazariy va amaliy 
aoslari yoritilgan. Mamlakatimizda g‘aznachilik axborot tizimi orqali budjet nazorati
ijrosini samarali tashkil qilish, davlat mablag‘lari tushumi va sarflanishi ustidan 
nazoratni kuchaytirish uchun davlat moliyasini boshqarishda davlat budjeti 
ahamiyatini oshirish yo‘nalishlari keltirilgan

Oxirgi yillarda kasbiy ta’limga innovatsion yondashuvlar asosida,
ta’lim muassasalari faoliyatini takomillashtirishning muhim belgisi sifatida
kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida barcha o’rta bo’g’in mutaxassisliklar qatori 
xizmat ko’rsatish va servis yo’nalishida ham kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlash ishlari jadal 
amalga oshirilmoqda. Ushbu maqolada xizmat ko’rsatish va servis yo’nalishi bo‘lajak 
o’rta bo’g’in mutaxassislarini kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida mehnat bozori 
talablariga mos kadr sifatida tayyorlash mexanizmini rivojlantirish asoslari xususida 
fikr bildirilgan. 

Мақола Дмитров меҳнат тузатув лагерининг ички-тартиб 
қоидалари ва у ердаги тартибсизликларни олдини олиш ва назоратини 
кучайтирилиши ва Москва-Волга канали қурилишида иштирок этган 
Наманганлик махбуслар ҳақида

Мақолада Ўзбекистонда кичик бизнес субъектларини солиқққа 
тортиш амалиёти, шунингдек, ҳудудлaр кесимидa фaoлият юритaётгaн кичик вa 
ўртa бизнес субъектлaри тaркиби, иқтисoдиёт тaрмoқлaри кесимидa фaoлият 
кўрсaтaётгaн кичик вa ўртa бизнес субъектлaрини тaркиби, кичик вa ўртa бизнес 
субъетлaрининг иқтисoдиётдaги улуши тaҳлили баён этилган. 

Tarbiyasi og’ir talabalar bilan ishlashda muvaffaqiyatga erishish 
uchun, eng avvalo, ularning oilasi, do’stlari to’g’risida ma’lumotga ega bo’lishimiz lozim. 
Mazkur maqolada shu masalaga to’xtalib o’tamiz