Universal International Scientific Journal
36
Nabiyeva Nargizaxon Nazirjonovna
Andijan institute of agriculture and agrotechnology.
Uzbekistan
Abstract:
The character management of wild, ruderal and cultivated tropical diverse plants found in
nature is particularly dependent on genetic information. The variability that occurs during the growing
season of a plant depends on external environmental factors. Therefore, it is assumed that artificial selection
by humans has led to progress in the evolutionary process. The consumption of cotton fiber is one of the
main valuable economic characteristics of the plant.
Keywords:
cotton, cocoon, seed, fiber index, shape, fiber yield, variability, heredity, crossing,
generation, column, hybrid, heterosis, recombinant.
Аннотация:
Управление характером диких, рудеральных и культурных тропических
разнообразных растений, распространенных в природе, особенно зависит от генетической
информации. Изменчивость, возникающая в течение вегетационного периода растения, зависит от
внешних факторов окружающей среды. Следовательно, предполагается, что искусственный отбор
человеком привел к прогрессу в эволюционном процессе. Расход хлопкового волокна - одна из
основных ценных экономических характеристик завода.
Universal Xalqaro Ilmiy Jurnal
Jurnalning bosh sahifasi:
THE IMPORTANCE OF SEED COAT IN DETERMINING FIBER YIELD IN SOME
COTTON SPECIES
Universal International Scientific
Year: 2025 Issue: 2 Volume: 3
Published: A 17.03.2025
International indexes
Universal International Scientific Journal
37
Ключевые слова:
хлопок, кокон, семя, индекс волокна, форма, выход волокна, изменчивость,
наследственность, скрещивание, поколение, колонка, гибрид, гетерозис, рекомбинантный.
Annotatsiya.
Tabiatda tarqalgan oʻsimliklarning yovvoyi, ruderal va madaniy tropik xilma-
xilliklarida belgi-xususiyatlarni boshqarish, ayniqsa, irsiy axborotga bogʻliq. Oʻsimlikni vegetasiya davrida
sodir boʻladigan oʻzgaruvchanlik esa tashqi muhit omillariga boʻysinadi. Shundan kelib chiqqan holda,
inson tomonidan amalga oshirilgan sun'iy tanlash evolyusion jarayonida progressga olib kelgan, deb faraz
qilinadi. Gʻoʻzani tola chiqimi oʻsimlikning asosiy qimmatli xoʻjalik belgilaridan biri hisoblanadi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
G‘o‘za, ko‘sak, urug‘, tola indeksi, shakl, tola chiqimi, o‘zgaruvchanlik, irsiyat,
chatishtirish, avlod, ustun, duragay, geterozis, rekombinant.
Language:
English
Citation:
Nabiyeva , N. (2025). THE IMPORTANCE OF SEED COAT IN DETERMINING FIBER
YIELD IN SOME COTTON SPECIES. Universal International Scientific Journal, 2(3), 36–42. Retrieved
from
https://universaljurnal.uz/index.php/jurnal/article/view/1467
Doi:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15067047
Introduction. It is known that the fiber color
of the cotton can be white, tan, light tan,
reddish brown, golden, green, light pink,
bluish-green,
dark
brown.
Several
scientists have conducted research on this
character [8; 11; 12]. While one group of
scientists reported that the fiber color
marker is inherited monogenically, others
noted that it is inherited polygenically.
Literature
review.
In
ontogenesis,
differentiation of germ and outer epidermal
tissue has been studied as a fiber-forming
layer [1]. Using the terminology adopted in
our study, we took a detailed approach to
the formation of cotton cell populations,
changes in their ratios, and the stabilization
of the ontogenesis of the germ and seed.
[11] There are three types of cell
populations: statistical, growing, and
regenerating cell populations. Changes in
population size over time can be seen as the
most common manifestation of cell
population kinetics.
Due to the differentiation of the outer
epidermal cells, it is of great importance to
determine the number of hairs in the germ
and seed, the moving of hair cells in the
germ, their topography, i.e. the direction of
location and the degree of regionalization.
The study of these issues is important in
solving
problems
in
developmental
biology, such as cytological, genetic,
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physiological
and
biochemical
mechanisms of differentiation, growth, life
cycles of cell populations, and more.
In practice, this work is necessary to
determine the parameters that indicate the
amount of fiber for the seed and to
determine the amount of fiber and the
possibility of increasing its yield.
Determination
of
the
number
of
differentiated cell populations of the germ
epidermis, i.e., the number of hair cells and
hair-forming cell populations; the change
in the number of these populations in the
ontogenesis of the seed are noteworthy. To
address these issues, it is first necessary to
determine the presence of changes of germ
forming cell populations and their ratios in
the ontogenesis of seed of cotton species
and varietal diversity.
A few data have been given in the literature
on the number of hairs in one seed.
B.А.Krakhmalev, М. B. Sultanova [5]
noted in their work that G.hirsutum L.
species varieties have hairs in the seeds
between 7,8 and 14,7 thous.
According to D. V. Ter-Avanesyan [8], in
the seeds of G.hirsutum L. there are 7.8-
18.0 thous. fibers, while in the varieties of
G.barbadense L. 11,0-17,0 thous.fibers.
Research methodology. N. A. Vlasova [3]
studied changes in cytoadnuclear relations
of mitotic active and differentiated cells of
the germ epidermis and identified that total
number of epidermal cell of hairs close to
regenerating population was 21,2% in
“108-F” variety of cotton during the
flowering stage . In the following days, the
percentage of fibers decreased by 17.5%,
because these days due to the increase in
mitotic activity of cells, their total number
increased by a large proportion relative to
the number of fibers. 3-4 days after
flowering, the epidermal cells do not break
down into fibers, so they are almost of the
same length in each part of the germ. By the
5th day, 0.25% hairs appear of the total
number of epidermal cells. On days 6–7–8,
the proportion of hairs is 1.5%, 2.8%, and
4.0%, respectively.
Anaysis and results. The decrease in the
number of hairs occurs due to the division
and rapid growth of epidermal cells. Then,
as a result of differentiation of epidermal
cells and their gradual dehydration and
pigmentation, the number of hairs per 1
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9
mm2 may increase slightly, for example, it
can be observed in the 50-day period of
cotton variety "Kelajak". Epidermal cells
are often disproportionate, curved, and
elongated, with 6–7 elongated cells per hair
follicle.
In the wild subspecies mexicanum
belonging to the genus G. hirsutum L., the
number of hairs per 1 mm2 is twice less,
which is explained by the smaller size of
their seeds, and there are only 3144 hairs
per seed. The total number of hairs per seed
in the cultivar "Kelajak" was 8638,
respectively, and the share of hairs in the
total number of epidermal cells was 7.8%.
Wild G. darwinii Watt species has the
lowest number of hairs per 1 mm2, with
only 2760 hairs per seed (Table 3).
In the age dynamics, the number of
epidermal cells of a growing population of
seeds increases until cell division stops by
metastasis, the volume of epidermal cells
belonging to the statistical population
increases rapidly due to cell growth by
elongation and decreases in 1 mm2 as seed
continues to grow rapidly. Therefore, as the
age of the seed increases, the number of
hairs in the epidermal cells decreases by
one when intensive cell growth is observed
with elongation. There is a law that the
smaller the proportion of hairs from the
total number of epidermal cells, the greater
the number of epidermal cells in the hair.
We hypothesized that the number of
epidermal cells corresponding to a single
fiber account would determine the degree
of seed hairiness. However, this is not true
because the number of cells in a single fiber
is determined by the intensity of division of
epidermal cells in the early stages of seed
development and the elongated growth
after division. The epidermal cells on the
surface of the seed are elongated, with a
minimum cell diameter of 7–31 μm and a
maximum of 19.9–61.05 μm in G. hirsutum
L.intraspecific varieties of cotton. In
particular, the smallest diameter of
epidermal cells in the cultivar Kelajak was
7.0 μm, while the largest share was
recorded
in
subspecies
mexicanum
var.nervosum (Yucatan) of G. hirsutum L.
with 61.05 μm indication. In G. barbadense
L. intraspecific varieties, the minimum cell
diameter is 7.0–29.7 μm and the maximum
is in the range of 18.9–75.9 μm. In
Surkhan-9 cultivar, the smallest diameter
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of epidermal cells was found to be 7.0 μm
and the largest share in the form semi-wild
subspecies ruderale ƒ.parnat (tan fiber) in
the range of 75.9 μm. In the wild G.
darwinii Watt species, the smallest unit of
epidermal cell diameter was found to be
23.1 μm, while the largest unit was found
to be 59.4 mm.
Thus, the analysis of the results obtained
revealed differences in the quantitative
indicators specific to each sample, the
proportion of hairs on the seed surface
depends not only on seed size, number and
size of epidermal cells, but also on the
number of cells surrounding each fiber.
Based on the above, it can be concluded
that further research is needed, involving
many samples and varieties specimens. The
nature and degree of hairiness of immature
seeds were studied, epidermal cells and
fibers (hairs) of and their parameters
(length, middle part and base diameter) of
G. hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L.
intraspecific varieties and G. darwinii Watt
species were determined.
A comparative comparison of the data
showed some differences that belonged to
each subtype. Thus, the smallest number of
hairs in the large-celled epidermis and in 1
mm2, as well as on the entire surface of the
seed was observed in the ancient wild
forms
paniculatum
and
punctatum
subspecies. The fibers of this representative
are much shorter and thicker, which is
especially noticeable in the diameter of the
base. There are many cells on the epidermal
surface, the hairs are surrounded by only 7-
8 cells, while in the paniculatum and
punctatum subspecies the figure was -11.9
and 12.4, respectively. The seeds of
subspecies paniculatum have smaller cells,
thinner and longer fibers than other
specimens, and there are largest number of
hairs per mm2 and the entire seed surface.
It should be noted that the wild forms of
subspecies punctatum and paniculatum
were found to be close to each other in all
respects relative to cultivated varieties.
Punctatum and paniculatum subspecies
were found to have twice the number of
fibers per 1mm2 compared to the studied
varieties, due to small size of seeds, and
only 6402.3 and 5967.5 hairs per seed,
respectively.
In terms of the number of hairs per 1 mm2
in the semi-wild form ruderale ƒ.parnat (tan
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colored fiber), the lowest indication is 18.9,
and 2540.6 hairs per seed. In the studied
Surkhan-9 variety of G. barbadense L., the
number of hairs per 1 mm2 was 45.1, and
the number of hairs on the seed surface was
7422.9. The proportion of fiber cells in the
total number of epidermal cells was lower
than in G. hirsutum L. species varieties,
with 97.2% in Surkhan-9 variety.
The data obtained revealed quantitative
differences in the traits being analyzed in
the studied representatives. Basically, the
fiber index and yield are determined by the
amount of fiber on the seed surface, and
according to our data, the epidermis has a
positive relationship with the number and
size of cells. Also, these parameters, along
with the hardness of the seed coat, the
parameters of the hairs - length, middle part
and diameter of the base - can be important
in determining the causes of fiber
deterioration (contamination) during seed
cleaning (ginning).
Conclusion. Consequently, the results
obtained showed that the differences in the
quantitative indicators of the traits
belonging to each representative under
analysis, the proportion of hairs on the seed
surface depends not only on seed size,
amount and size of epidermal cells, but also
on the number of cells surrounding each
fiber.
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