World scientific research journal
https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj
Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
339
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELECTRIC
AND HYBRID VEHICLES IN URBAN CONDITIONS
B.I. Bazarov
professor.,
Transport energy equipment, Tashkent State Transport
University, Tashkent,Uzbekistan
R.N. Axmatjanov
phd.,
Transport energy equipment, Tashkent State Transport
University, Tashkent,Uzbekistan
A.T. Tulenov
professor.,
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University,
Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Annotatsiya:
Elektr va gibrid transport vositalari shahar sharoitida ishlash
xususiyatlari haqida so‘z yuritishda, avvalo ularning ekologik, iqtisodiy va texnik
jihatlari o‘rganilishi zarur. Shaharlar kundan-kunga rivojlanib borayotgan hududlar
bo‘lib, transportning samarali va atrof-muhitga zarar yetkazmaydigan turlariga
bo‘lgan talab oshib bormoqda. Shu nuqtai nazardan, elektr va gibrid transport
vositalari shahar ichidagi harakat uchun ideal yechim sifatida qaraladi.
Kalit so‘zlar:
elektr va gibrid transport, atrof-muhit, sanoat korxonalari, ichki
yonish dvigateli, transport oqimlari, gibrid avtomobillar.
Аннотация:
При обсуждении производительности электромобилей и
гибридных автомобилей в городских условиях необходимо сначала изучить их
экологические, экономические и технические аспекты. Города развиваются с
каждым днем, и спрос на эффективные и экологически чистые виды транспорта
растет. В связи с этим электромобили и гибридные автомобили считаются
идеальным решением для городской мобильности.
Ключевые слова:
электротранспорт и гибридный транспорт, окружающая
среда, промышленные предприятия, двигатель внутреннего сгорания,
транспортные потоки, гибридные автомобили.
Abstract:
When discussing the performance of electric and hybrid vehicles in
urban environments, it is necessary to first study their environmental, economic and
technical aspects. Cities are developing areas every day, and the demand for efficient
and environmentally friendly modes of transport is increasing. In this regard, electric
and hybrid vehicles are considered an ideal solution for urban mobility.
Keywords:
electric and hybrid transport, environment, industrial enterprises,
internal combustion engine, traffic flows, hybrid cars.
World scientific research journal
https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj
Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
340
INTRODUCTION
The main advantage of electric vehicles is that their environmental impact is
minimal. Since they do not have any internal combustion process, no harmful gases
are released into the atmosphere. This helps reduce urban air pollution, especially in
areas with dense industrial enterprises and traffic flows. In addition, electric vehicles
produce little noise during operation, which improves the quality of life of urban
residents. Noise reduction is particularly important at night and in densely populated
areas.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Hybrid vehicles, on the other hand, consist of a combination of an electric motor
with an internal combustion engine, and their system of operation provides more
flexibility in urban conditions. Vehicles of this type use mainly electricity over short
distances, while on long roads they switch to an internal combustion engine. Thus,
hybrid cars will be able to effectively operate over long distances, in addition to taking
advantage of all the benefits of electricity in intra-city movements. There are a number
of important factors in improving the performance of electric and hybrid vehicles in
urban conditions. One of them is the development of the power charging
infrastructure. The availability of adequate charging stations throughout the city is
necessary for the widespread availability of electric vehicles. This makes it more user-
friendly and increases vehicle operating time. Charging speed is also important. The
ability to charge quickly makes intra-city movements more efficient, as users do not
have to wait for a long charging time.[1]
For hybrid vehicles, however, fuel efficiency and automatic engine switching
play an important role. In urban conditions, frequent stop-and-go situations are
common, therefore, the operation of the engine in optimal mode reduces fuel
consumption and helps to reduce emissions. This serves to improve the urban
environment, not only economically viable but also environmentally friendly.
Another important feature of electric and hybrid vehicles in the urban transportation
system is the low cost of their maintenance compared to conventional internal
combustion engine cars. Electric motors have low wear rates due to their lower
mechanical parts, which reduces maintenance and maintenance costs. Hybrid cars, in
turn, require special maintenance to ensure the harmonious operation of electric and
internal combustion engine systems, but the total costs may be less than in
conventional cars. Also important in urban conditions is the efficiency and ease of
movement of vehicles. Electric and hybrid vehicles often have a smaller and more
compact design, convenient for urban streets and narrow roads. Their quick response
and gentle movement will help improve traffic flow in the city. This leads to reduced
traffic congestion, increased traffic safety, and reduced travel time.[2]
World scientific research journal
https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj
Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
341
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The use of electric and hybrid vehicles in the urban transport system is expanding
not only in personal transport, but also in public transport. Electric buses and hybrid
minibuses are being perceived as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective
solution for passenger transportation in cities. Their operation ensures the stability of
the transport system, while reducing pollution of the city's air. At the same time, the
transition of public transport to electric or hybrid options reduces the need for fuel
imports in cities and has a positive effect on the national economy.[3]
Their energy efficiency also plays an important role in assessing the performance
characteristics of electric and hybrid vehicles in urban conditions. The energy
efficiency of electric cars is much higher compared to conventional internal
combustion engines, which is a huge advantage for their long-term operation. Hybrid
cars, on the other hand, are able to optimally control energy in different modes of
movement, increasing efficiency on roads with high number of stop-and-go situations
within the city.In addition, climatic conditions also play an important role in the
operation of electric and hybrid vehicles in urban conditions. In cold climates, battery
efficiency may decrease, reducing the vehicle's operating range. Therefore,
manufacturers are introducing various technologies to make batteries frost-resistant
and maintain their capacity. Special systems are also being developed for the efficient
operation of battery and engine systems in hot climates. The issue of safety is also
important in urban transport. Electric and hybrid vehicles are equipped with modern
safety systems, which helps to increase traffic safety. Also, their low noise levels
increase safety for pedestrians and cyclists, as sounds in the environment sound better.
Another important aspect is the issue of integration in the urban transport system.
Electric and hybrid vehicles require flexible systems to operate in conjunction with
other modes of transport. For example, charging stations need to be located near
public transport stops, as well as the development of vehicle interconnections and
information exchange systems. This serves to increase the overall efficiency of urban
transportation. The widespread use of electric and hybrid vehicles in urban settings is
also of great social importance. These vehicles help to improve the health of the
population, improve the quality of the streets and living areas of the city. At the same
time, through the introduction of new technologies, the opportunity arises to develop
the city's economy, to create new jobs. As a result, electric and hybrid vehicles are
ideal for urban mobility, and their performance characteristics play an important role
in ensuring the stability of the urban transport system. Their environmental
friendliness, energy efficiency, ease of maintenance, as well as their harmonization
with urban infrastructure serve to improve the quality of urban life. Therefore, it is
expected that in the future the main part of urban transport will consist of exactly
these types of vehicles.[4]
World scientific research journal
https://scientific-jl.com/wsrj
Volume-39_Issue-1_May-2025
342
Meanwhile, there are also certain difficulties. For example, problems such as the
lack of charging stations, the cost of battery technologies, and the limitation of their
operating life have not yet been fully resolved. At the same time, large investments
are required to upgrade and expand the infrastructure of the city. However, with the
development of technologies and the support of public policy, these problems are
gradually being overcome. Also an important factor is the attitude of the population
to new technologies and their adoption. Providing information about electric and
hybrid vehicles through a wide range of media, encouraging users, and creating
support systems can help ensure that urban transportation is environmentally friendly
and efficient.[5]
CONCLUSION
Thus, electric and hybrid vehicles have many advantages in terms of
characteristics of operation in urban conditions, which are considered as the future of
urban transport. And for them to work effectively, infrastructure, technology,
economic and social factors need to be developed together. This serves to improve
sustainable urban development and ecological status.
REFERENCES
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3. Rasulov B.M. "Characteristics and efficiency of hybrid vehicles". Tashkent State
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4. Karimova N.F. "Prospects for the development of electric and hybrid cars in urban
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