Vol. 39 No. 1 (2025): World scientific research journal|WSRJ|Volume-39|Issue-1

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola "Jahon miqyosida Gepatit: Sabablari, Asoratlari va Zamonaviy Davolash Usullari" mavzusiga bag'ishlangan bo'lib, gepatit kasalligining global miqyosdagi ta'sirini va uning inson salomatligiga bo'lgan xavfini tahlil qiladi. Maqolada gepatitning asosiy sabablari, shu jumladan viruslar (A, B, C, D, E), alkogol va dorilardan kelib chiqadigan gepatitlar, shuningdek, autoimmun kasalliklar va boshqa faktorlarga alohida e'tibor qaratiladi. Gepatitning salbiy asoratlari, jumladan, surunkali gepatit, jigar sirrozi, jigar saratoni va jigar yetishmovchiligi kabi jiddiy holatlar tahlil qilinadi. Ma'lumotlar va tahlillar jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkilotlari va boshqa ishonchli manbalarga asoslanib, gepatitning global muammosi va uning oldini olish, davolash bo'yicha chora-tadbirlarni ko'rish zarurligini ta'kidlaydi. Maqola kengaytirilgan profilaktika tadbirlari va jahon miqyosida gepatitning nazoratini yanada samarali qilish uchun tavsiyalar beradi.

Annotatsion. This article provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children, a common condition caused by bacterial invasion and proliferation within the urinary tract. The article discusses the components of the urinary system, the pathogenesis of infections, diagnostic methods, and treatment approaches.The author highlights the primary causes, risk factors, and symptoms of UTIs, emphasizing the higher susceptibility among girls and uncircumcised boys under one year of age. Various diagnostic methods, including urinalysis, urine culture, and imaging techniques such as ultrasound, VCUG, and DMSA scans, are explained in detail.Treatment options primarily involve antibiotic therapy, with hospitalization required in severe cases. The article also outlines preventive measures for UTIs in children, such as maintaining proper hygiene, ensuring adequate hydration, and promoting healthy urination habits.This study serves as a valuable resource for pediatricians, nephrologists, and parents, offering essential insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of UTIs in children.

Izoh: Ayollarda premenopozal davr tanaga, shu jumladan og'iz bo'shlig'ining to'qimalariga tizimli ta'sir ko'rsatadigan sezilarli gormonal o'zgarishlar bilan birga keladi. Ushbu sharh maqolasining maqsadi ayol hayotining ushbu davrida og'iz bo'shlig'i shilliq qavati, periodontium va tish tizimining holatidagi xarakterli o'zgarishlar to'g'risidagi joriy ma'lumotlarni umumlashtirishdir. Ushbu o'zgarishlarning asosiy patofizyologik mexanizmlari, shuningdek ularning klinik ko'rinishlari va oldini olish va davolashning mumkin bo'lgan yondashuvlari keltirilgan. Dastlab premenopozal davr estrogen etishmovchiligining kalsitonin va paratiroid gormoni (PTH), 1,25OH2 D vitamini sintezi va kaltsiyning ichakda so'rilishiga bilvosita ta'siri natijasida rivojlanadi, deb ishonilgan. Ya'ni, gipoestrogenemiya fonida qon zardobidagi kaltsiy darajasi, paratiroid gormoni, kalsitriol va kalsitonin o'rtasidagi muvozanat buziladi, salbiy kaltsiy balansi hosil bo'ladi, D vitamini etishmovchiligi va ikkilamchi giperparatiroidizm rivojlanadi. Postmenopozda kaltsiy va D vitamini etishmovchiligi ayollarning kamida 70 foizida kuzatiladi

Ushbu maqola homila ichi infeksiyalarini o‘rganish va uning natijasida homilada tug‘ma nuqsonlarning kelib chiqishi va boshqa asoratlarini yoritishga qaratilgan. Jumladan, toksoplazmoz, qizilcha, sitomegalovirus, gerpes va boshqa infeksiyalarning homilaga ta’siri bayon etilgan.Maqola homila ichi infeksiyasining turlari, yuqish yo‘llari, asoratlarini o‘rganish maqsadida yozilgan.

Аннотация: В данной статье рассматриваются теоретические и практические аспекты фонетического анализа в русском языке. Исследуются принципы классификации гласных и согласных звуков, особенности их артикуляции и акустические характеристики. Особое внимание уделяется транскрипции, правилам ударения и интонации в русском языке. Также рассматриваются основные этапы фонетического анализа слова и текста, а также его значение для лингвистики, обучения языку и речевых технологий.

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of adverbs in the English language. It examines their form, function, and usage, exploring the diverse roles they play in modifying verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, and even entire clauses. The study delves into the classification of adverbs based on their meaning (e.g., adverbs of time, place, manner, degree, frequency), their syntactic behavior, and their contribution to sentence meaning. Special attention is given to the challenges faced by language learners in mastering adverb placement and the subtle nuances of adverb usage. The paper also discusses the evolving role of adverbs in contemporary English, including their use in spoken language and online communication.

Данная статья посвящена исследованию интерактивных методов обучения русскому языку как иностранному и как родному. В работе рассматриваются различные интерактивные приемы и технологии, способствующие активизации учебного процесса, повышению мотивации учащихся и развитию коммуникативных навыков. Анализируются преимущества и недостатки использования интерактивных методов, а также их влияние на формирование лингвистической и социокультурной компетенций. В статье предлагаются конкретные примеры применения интерактивных методов на различных этапах обучения русскому языку.

Abstract: This paper provides an in-depth examination of tenses in the English language, exploring their forms, functions, and usage. It delves into the complexities of simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses, highlighting their role in conveying time, aspect, and mood. The paper further analyzes the interaction of tenses with adverbs of time and explores common errors made by English language learners. Finally, it discusses the evolving nature of tenses in contemporary English and implications for language teaching.

Annotation:  Acute myocardial infarctions are one of the leading causes of death in the developed world, with prevalence approaching three million people worldwide, with more than one million deaths in the United States annually. This statistic reviews the presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with acute myocardial infarctions and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in caring for these patients.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada III-sinf o‘quvchilarining tasviriy san’at darslari orqali ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishning samarali usullari haqida fikr yuritiladi. Tasviriy san’at vositalari, metodik yondashuvlar, estetik didni shakllantirish, kuzatuvchanlik va tasavvur orqali ijodiy tafakkurni rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari yoritilgan.

Annotatsiya:     Mazkur maqolada fizikadagi superpozitsiya prinsipining nazariy asoslari va uni amaliy masalalarni yechishda qo‘llash usullari keltirilgan. Superpozitsiya prinsipi klassik fizikaning ko‘plab bo‘limlarida – ayniqsa elektrostatika, mexanika va to‘lqinlar nazariyasida – keng qo‘llanilishi bilan ajralib turadi. Maqolada ushbu prinsipning mohiyati, matematik ifodalanishi hamda bir nechta mustahkamlovchi misollar orqali yoritilgan. Asosiy e’tibor elektr maydonlarining va kuchlarning superpozitsiyasiga qaratilgan. Tanlangan adabiyotlar asosida mavzu bo‘yicha nazariy tahlillar o‘tkazildi va ularni mustahkamlovchi tipik masalalar yechildi. Natijada superpozitsiya prinsipining fizikada universalligi va masalalarni soddalashtirishdagi samaradorligi isbotlandi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tilidagi ayrim maqollar qiyoslanib, ularning semantik-stilistik va struktual tomonlari izohlandi. Misollar yordamida ikki tildagi frazeologizmlarning o‘xshash va farqli xususiyatlari aniqlandi. Shuningdek, maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillaridagi iboralar va maqollarni o‘zaro muqobillashtirish va frazeologik til korpusini yaratish bo‘yicha takliflar berildi.

Annotatsiya: Thermopsis dorivor o‘simligidan ilk bor faol moddalari ajratib olingan (shrot va poya) syellyuloza va mikrokristallik syellyulozani kislota va ishqorli pishirish usullari yordamida olishning maqbul sharoitlari aniqlandi. Olingan sellyulozadan gidroliz orqali mikrokristallik sellyuloza sintezlandi. Sellyuloza gidrolizi 8:2 nisbatda sulfat kislota va vodorod peroksid aralashmasida amalga oshirildi. Sellyuloza va mikrokristallik sellyuloza namunalarining kul miqdori – Mufel pechida, suvda bo’kish darajasi - sentrafugada, namlikning so'rilishi - eksikatorda, poya tarkibidagi oson va qiyin eriydigan moddalar miqdorini – fotokolorimetrda, massa zichligi, namligi kabi fizik – kimyoviy ko’rsatkichlari aniqlandi.

Annotation: This article analyzes the socio-philosophical consequences of biotechnological evolution, biotechnogenic and coevolutionary development. The historical formation of biotechnology, genetic engineering, artificial biosystems, and synthetic biology are examined. Particular attention is paid to the economic, environmental, and social aspects of biotechnology, as well as its current and future prospects.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ona tilini o‘qitishda o‘quv lug‘atlarining ahamiyati va ular bilan ishlash metodlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. O‘quv lug‘atlari o‘quvchilarni so‘z boyligini oshirish, tahlil qilish va mantiqiy fikrlashni rivojlantirishda muhim vositadir. Maqolada lug‘atlarni samarali ishlatishning turli usullari, shu jumladan, so‘zlarni kontekstda o‘rganish, sinonim va antonimlarni aniqlash, yangi so‘zlarni o‘rganish strategiyalari va lug‘at bilan bog‘liq o‘yinlar tavsiflanadi.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada korxonalar faoliyatini rivojlantirishda operatsion faoliyat tahlilining zarurligi, operatsion faoliyatning samaradorligi tahlilini tashkil etish hamda olingan natijalarning soha rivoji uchun qoʻllashning nazariy va amaliy jihatlari yoritilgan.

Аннотация. Мазкур мақолада  корхоналарда операцион фаолиятида маҳсулотнинг операцион цикли бўйича таҳлилий ишларнинг амалга ошириш масалаларини қамраб олган. Операцион циклни аниқлаш ва уни қисқартиришда амалга оширилган ҳисоб-китобларда нисбий кўрсаткичлар, маълумотларни гуруҳлаш, мантиқий таҳлил усулларидан фойдаланилган, ҳисоб-китоблар амалга оширилган ҳамда таҳлилий ечимлар берилган.

Аннотация: Мазкур мақолада корхоналар операцион фаолият таҳлилини ташкил этишда ўрганиладиган кўрсаткичлар фаолият натижаларидан келиб чиқиб умумий ва таркибий кўрсаткичларга бўлиб ўрганилган. Операцион фаолият таҳлилида мазкур кўрсаткичларнинг таснифлаш белгилари, ушбу кўрсаткичларнинг мазмуни, ушбу кўрсаткичларнинг назарий ва амалий жиҳатлари ёритилган.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola yadro kimyosining tibbiyotdagi kimyoviy va biologik ahamiyatini har tomonlama yoritadi. Yadro kimyosi atom yadrolarining o‘zgarish mexanizmlarini, radioaktiv yemirilish jarayonlarini va yadro reaksiyalarini o‘rganadi. Tibbiyotda radioaktiv izotoplar turli diagnostik va terapevtik maqsadlarda keng qo‘llaniladi. Jumladan, onkologik kasalliklarni aniqlash va davolashda, ichki organlarning funksional holatini tekshirishda, radioaktiv nurlanish asosida bemorlarni individual davolash rejalarini tuzishda yadro kimyosi muhim o‘rin tutadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, yadro tibbiyoti sohasidagi zamonaviy innovatsiyalar, radioimmunoanaliz, pozitron-emission tomografiya (PET), radioterapiya va braxiterapiya kabi usullar haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Yadro kimyoviy tadqiqotlar natijasida inson salomatligini yaxshilash, erta diagnostika imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish va individual davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada Ahmad Yugnakiyning “Hibat-ul Haqoyiq” asaridagi odob-axloqqa oid qarashlari tahlil qilinadi. Asarning axloqiy-didaktik yo‘nalishi, undagi odob, halollik, kamtarlik, ilmu fan, sabr-toqat kabi insoniy fazilatlar targ‘ibi bayon etiladi. Shuningdek, bu g‘oyalarning badiiy ifodasi hamda zamonaviy yoshlar tarbiyasidagi dolzarbligi misollar va baytlar asosida yoritiladi. Asar bugungi kun ma’naviy tarbiya uchun muhim manba sifatida talqin qilinadi.

Ushbu maqolada fazoviy geometrik shakllar va ko‘pyoqlarni o‘rgatish metodikasining zamonaviy yondashuvlari yoritilgan. Geometriya fanining fazoviy tafakkurni shakllantirishdagi o‘rni, ayniqsa ko‘pyoqlarning tuzilishi, tasnifi va ularga doir amaliy mashg‘ulotlarning o‘quvchilar tafakkuriga ta’siri ilmiy asosda tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada shuningdek, o‘quvchilarning yoshi, psixologik rivojlanish darajasi va didaktik materiallarning o‘ziga xosligi hisobga olingan holda metodik tavsiyalar ishlab chiqilgan. Tadqiqotda fazoviy figuralarni yasash, ularni modellashtirish va real hayotdagi ob’ektlar bilan bog‘lash orqali mavzuni o‘zlashtirish samaradorligi oshirilishi mumkinligi asoslab berilgan. SHuningdek, matematik fikrlash, ijodiy yondashuv va tasviriy tasavvurni rivojlantirishda bu mavzuning o‘rni alohida ta’kidlangan. Metodik tavsiyalar amaliy mashg‘ulotlar, interaktiv darslar va muqobil o‘quv vositalari orqali boyitilgan. Maqola maktab o‘qituvchilari, pedagogik oliygoh talabalariga, shuningdek, metodistlar uchun foydali bo‘lishi mumkin.

This paper explores methodologies for enhancing the grammatical understanding of conjunctions in both Uzbek and English among students in grades 5 to 8. Emphasis is placed on comparative grammar instruction, contextual usage, and interactive teaching strategies to build cross-linguistic awareness. The study also identifies common challenges faced in English language lessons and offers pedagogical solutions for improving teaching outcomes in multilingual classrooms.

Annotation. This article analyzes the semantic and structural features of ironic expressions in English and Uzbek. It explores how irony functions within different cultural and linguistic contexts, examining both similarities and distinctions in structure, usage, and meaning. The study highlights how ironic expressions reflect national character, communication styles, and sociolinguistic norms, offering a comparative insight into the role of irony in both languages.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada aqlli energiya tizimlarida avtomatlashtirishning   texnologik  afzalliklari va sun’iy intellekt algoritmlaridan   biri — Support Vector Machine  (SVM)  algoritmining qo‘llanilishi tahlil qilinadi. Ayniqsa, MEUT(AC) qurilmalari bilan integratsiyada  SVM yordamida nosozliklarni aniqlash, tizim  holatini baholash, reaktiv quvvatni  boshqarish va optimal  joylashtirish  kabi jarayonlar samarali  tarzda  avtomatlashtirilishi yoritiladi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqola yadro kimyosining tibbiyotdagi kimyoviy va biologik ahamiyatini har tomonlama yoritadi. Yadro kimyosi atom yadrolarining o‘zgarish mexanizmlarini, radioaktiv yemirilish jarayonlarini va yadro reaksiyalarini o‘rganadi. Tibbiyotda radioaktiv izotoplar turli diagnostik va terapevtik maqsadlarda keng qo‘llaniladi. Jumladan, onkologik kasalliklarni aniqlash va davolashda, ichki organlarning funksional holatini tekshirishda, radioaktiv nurlanish asosida bemorlarni individual davolash rejalarini tuzishda yadro kimyosi muhim o‘rin tutadi. Maqolada, shuningdek, yadro tibbiyoti sohasidagi zamonaviy innovatsiyalar, radioimmunoanaliz, pozitron-emission tomografiya (PET), radioterapiya va braxiterapiya kabi usullar haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Yadro kimyoviy tadqiqotlar natijasida inson salomatligini yaxshilash, erta diagnostika imkoniyatlarini kengaytirish va individual davolash strategiyalarini ishlab chiqish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilingan.

Abstract: Inflation plays a critical role in shaping investment strategies, influencing both individual and institutional decision-making. This article examines the multifaceted effects of inflation on asset classes such as equities, bonds, real estate, and commodities. By exploring historical data and recent trends from periods of high inflation such as the 1970s and the post-pandemic era this study highlights how investors adjust their portfolios to preserve value and maintain returns. The analysis includes a review of inflation-hedging assets, the role of central bank policies, and behavioral responses in financial markets. The article also offers insights into contemporary strategies, such as sector rotation, investing in inflation-linked securities, and diversification in global markets. Ultimately, the paper provides the most essential terms and practical guidance for adapting investment approaches in an inflationary environment, emphasizing the importance of flexibility, risk management, and long-term planning.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada umumtaʼlim maktab o‘quvchilarining intellektual qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirishda musiqa fanining tutgan o‘rni hamda uning psixologik-pedagogik asoslari yoritiladi. Yangi O‘zbekiston taraqqiyot strategiyasida belgilangan ustuvor yo‘nalishlar – ya’ni ta’lim sifatini oshirish, ijodiy va intellektual salohiyatli yoshlarni tarbiyalash, madaniyat va san’at sohalarini rivojlantirish kabi vazifalar doirasida musiqa fanining o‘quvchilarning tafakkuri, eslab qolish, e’tibor va ijodiy fikrlash qobiliyatlariga ko‘rsatadigan ijobiy ta’siri tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, maqolada musiqa darslarining metodik tashkiloti, pedagogik yondashuvlar va innovatsion usullar asosida intellektual rivojlanishga qo‘shgan hissasi haqida fikr yuritiladi.

Аннотация: Сепсис остаётся одной из ведущих причин полиорганной недостаточности, где функциональное состояние печени играет ключевую роль в прогнозе заболевания. В рамках данной работы рассмотрены современные подходы к улучшению функционального состояния печени у пациентов с сепсисом как составной части комплексной терапии. Освещены механизмы поражения печени при сепсисе, включая развитие гипоперфузии, оксидативного стресса и воспалительного ответа.

Особое внимание уделено применению препарата улинастатина, обладающего выраженным противовоспалительным и органопротективным действием. Улинастатин, ингибируя протеолитические ферменты и снижая продукцию провоспалительных цитокинов, способствует уменьшению системного воспалительного ответа, защите ткани печени и предотвращению прогрессирования органной дисфункции. Его использование показало эффективность в снижении степени поражения печени, улучшении её функционального состояния и увеличении выживаемости пациентов.

Дополнительно рассмотрены другие терапевтические подходы, такие как стабилизация микроциркуляции, оптимизация гемодинамики, использование антиоксидантов и методов экстракорпоральной терапии. Комплексный подход, включающий применение улинастатина, позволяет повысить эффективность лечения, снизить риск осложнений и улучшить прогноз у пациентов с сепсисом.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda art turizmining rivojlanishi, uning madaniy va iqtisodiy jihatlari tahlil qilinadi. Art turizmi – sayyohlarni milliy san’at, me’moriy yodgorliklar, zamonaviy ijodiy makonlar, hunarmandchilik va festivallar orqali jalb qiluvchi turizm turi bo‘lib, mamlakatning jahon turizm bozoridagi o‘rnini mustahkamlashda muhim rol o‘ynaydi. Tadqiqotda art turizmining O‘zbekistondagi holati, uning rivojlanishiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar hamda davlat tomonidan amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar tahlil qilinadi. Xususan, O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidentining turizmni rivojlantirishga oid qarorlarining art turizmga ta’siri va uning istiqbollari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari art turizmining O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyotiga ta’sirini oshirish, mahalliy san’atkor va hunarmandlarga yangi imkoniyatlar yaratish hamda mamlakatning madaniy merosini keng targ‘ib qilish uchun tavsiyalarni o‘z ichiga oladi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Model Predictive Control (MPC) algoritmining MEUT (AC) qurilmalari, ayniqsa STATCOM bilan birgalikda zamonaviy elektroenergetika tizimlarida reaktiv quvvatni optimallashtirish, kuchlanish barqarorligini ta’minlash va tizimning dinamik javobini yaxshilashdagi roli yoritilgan. Grafik tahlillar asosida MPC asosidagi boshqaruv usulining afzalliklari ko‘rsatib beriladi.

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) and Caldwell-Luc operation are both maxillary sinus cyst surgical procedures, and comparison between them regarding effectiveness and status of morbidity is still poorly documented. The retrospective cohort of 75 adults (60 patients underwent FESS and Caldwell-Luc operation was done in 15 patients) operated between 2017 and 2023 due to isolated maxillary sinus mucous retention cysts compared postoperative outcomes such as infraorbital nerve impairment (paresthesia or numbness) and pain (on Visual Analog Scale, VAS) facial edema, operation time, and hospitalization duration. Statistically (compared continuous variables by independent t-test and categorical variables by χ² or Fisher’s exact) analysis at an alpha level of p<0.05 was carried out.

Summary:   Thus, the detection of anemia in patients determines the need for mandatory clarification of the causes of this pathological condition. Timely verification of the etiology of anemia makes it possible to start adequate therapy without delay, which determines its effectiveness and improves the quality of life of people.

Abstract: This article explores the role of reading English stories in the language learning process. In recent years, there has been an increased focus on methods for teaching foreign languages, and reading literary works has gained importance as a vital component of educational programs. The article examines not only the advantages of reading stories, such as vocabulary expansion, improvement of grammatical skills, and enhancement of cognitive abilities, but also the psychological aspects that contribute to student motivation. We analyze various approaches to integrating reading into the educational process and present the results of an empirical study conducted with student participants. Our analysis reveals that reading English stories positively influences student engagement and helps them better understand the cultural contexts of the language. Our work offers recommendations for educators on the effective use of literary works for teaching purposes, emphasizing the importance of selecting materials that align with students' interests.

Annotatsiya: Mazkur maqolada odam organizmining asosiy suyuq muhitlaridan bo‘lgan qon va limfa tizimlarining tuzilishi, tarkibi hamda ularning hayotiy muhim funksiyalari keng qamrovli tahlil qilingan. Qonning plazmasi va shaklli elementlari — eritrotsitlar, leykotsitlar va trombotsitlarning biologik roli, shuningdek ularning fiziologik xususiyatlari haqida batafsil ma’lumotlar keltirilgan. Linfa tizimi, uning tarkibi, limfotsitlar, limfa tugunlari va ularning immun tizimidagi o‘rni chuqur yoritilgan. Qon va linfa tizimlarining bir-biriga bog‘liqligi, ularning organizmdagi transport, himoya, termoregulyatsiya, homeostazni saqlash kabi asosiy vazifalari asosida tushuntirilgan.

Bundan tashqari, maqolada ushbu tizimlar faoliyatining buzilishi bilan bog‘liq ayrim kasalliklar — yurak-qon tomir kasalliklari, limfostaz, immun tanqislik holatlari haqida ham qisqacha to‘xtalib o‘tilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari asosida qon va linfa tizimlarini chuqur o‘rganishning tibbiy amaliyotdagi o‘rni va ahamiyati ko‘rsatib berilgan. Maqola tibbiyot yo‘nalishida tahsil olayotgan talabalar, amaliyotchi shifokorlar hamda biologik fanlarga qiziquvchilar uchun nazariy va amaliy ahamiyatga ega bo‘lishi mumkin

Tijorat banklarining muammoli kreditlari iqtisodiyotning barqarorligini ta'minlashda katta to‘siq bo‘lib qolmoqda. Ushbu maqola tijorat banklarining muammoli kreditlarini kamaytirish va boshqarish bo‘yicha mavjud strategiyalarni tahlil qilib, ularni takomillashtirish yo‘llarini o‘rganadi. Asosiy e'tibor kredit monitoringi, mijozlarga qarzlarni qaytarish imkoniyatlarini yaxshilash, yangi innovatsion texnologiyalarni joriy etish va kredit risklarini boshqarish tizimlarini kuchaytirishga qaratilgan. Maqola, shuningdek, banklarning tashqi va ichki omillarni hisobga olgan holda muammoli kreditlarni kamaytirishning samarali usullarini taklif etadi. Bu yondashuvlar tijorat banklarining moliyaviy barqarorligini ta'minlashga yordam beradi hamda uzoq muddatda iqtisodiyotda ishonchni oshiradi.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek tillaridagi qarindoshlik terminlari leksik-semantik xususiyatlari tilshunoslik nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilish yoritilgan.

Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются основные причины, методы профилактики и современные подходы к лечению атопического дерматита. Особое внимание уделяется генетическим и экологическим факторам, а также инновационным терапевтическим стратегиям.

Abstract: This article examines the importance of social support in the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its role in reducing negative psychological consequences. The study analyzed the influence of the social environment, family and friendly relations, as well as the level of social resources on the formation and duration of PTSD symptoms. The results showed that a high level of social support contributes to the recovery of mental state after traumatic events, reduces stress, and improves mental health. The article emphasizes the need to develop social support systems in the fight against PTSD and proposes new approaches to psychological support strategies.

  Resume. The article discusses the nosology of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, pathogenetic mechanisms of their occurrence, pathomechanisms of their connection with the syndrome of vegetative dystonia, the main cause of which is the endogenous factor of the disease development - dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. The main causative agent of the disease, Helicobacter pylori, was not left without attention..

Annotation This article analyzes neurological disorders and nosogenic psychopathological conditions (depression, anxiety states, cognitive decline) in patients with reproductive system cancers (endometrium, ovarian, prostate gland cancers, etc.). Studies devoted to the effectiveness of the use of nitric oxide (NO) as an endogenous vasodilator and neuromodulator in such cases are considered. The pathophysiological basis of nitric oxide therapy and scientific approaches to its clinical application are also analyzed.

Аннотация: Рак репродуктивной системы является одной из распространенных проблем у женщин пожилого возраста, и эти заболевания могут негативно влиять не только на физическое здоровье, но и на когнитивные функции. Данное исследование направлено на оценку когнитивного состояния и функциональной активности головного мозга у женщин пожилого возраста с онкологическими заболеваниями репродуктивной системы с помощью электроэнцефалографии (ЭЭГ) и дополнительных методов медицинского исследования. Показатели ЭЭГ использовались в качестве важного инструмента для выявления когнитивных нарушений и нейрофизиологических изменений в ткани мозга. Также были проведены психологические тесты и биохимические исследования для оценки когнитивных функций. Результаты исследования помогут выявить когнитивные нарушения и изменения активности мозга, связанные с раком репродуктивной системы у женщин пожилого возраста, а также послужат совершенствованию эффективных методов диагностики и лечения в научной и клинической практике.

Abstract: This study examined the neurological and nosogenic psychopathological conditions of women with cancer of the reproductive system, as well as the analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. The purpose of the study is to identify neurological disorders and psychopathological symptoms associated with cancer, as well as to analyze their impact on the structure of the brain. Morphological changes in the brain, especially pathologies associated with stress and psychopathology, were studied using magnetic resonance imaging. The obtained data can contribute to a better understanding of the neurological and psychopathological conditions of women with cancer of the reproductive system in clinical practice and the improvement of treatment.

Kirish: Hozirgi davrda autoimmun  kasalliklarning  o‘sib borayotgan tarqalishi ularni erta tashxislash va davolash masalasini dolzarb muammolardan biriga aylantirmoqda. Shunday kasalliklardan biri  bo‘lgan antifosfolipid sindromi (AFS), o‘zining murakkab patogenezi va ko‘p qirrali klinik ko‘rinishlari bilan ajralib turadi. Bu sindrom venoz va arterial trombozlar, nevrologik buzilishlar, yurak-qon tomir o‘zgarishlari, shuningdek, homiladorlikdagi og‘ir asoratlar bilan kechadigan autoimmun xastalikdir. Ayniqsa, reproduktiv yoshdagi ayollar orasida AFS’ning keng tarqalganligi, takroriy homila yo‘qotishlar, preeklampsiya, platsentaning erta ajralishi, homila o‘sishining cheklanishi kabi akusherlik patologiyalarining rivojlanishida asosiy etiologik omil sifatida ko‘rilmoqda.

Annotatsiya: Elektr va gibrid transport vositalari shahar sharoitida ishlash xususiyatlari haqida so‘z yuritishda, avvalo ularning ekologik, iqtisodiy va texnik jihatlari o‘rganilishi zarur. Shaharlar kundan-kunga rivojlanib borayotgan hududlar bo‘lib, transportning samarali va atrof-muhitga zarar yetkazmaydigan turlariga bo‘lgan talab oshib bormoqda. Shu nuqtai nazardan, elektr va gibrid transport vositalari shahar ichidagi harakat uchun ideal yechim sifatida qaraladi.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada G.herbaceum L. va G.arboreum L. kenja turlarida transpiratsiya jadalligi bo’yicha adabiyotlar tahlili keltirilgan. Transpiratsiya jarayoning hosildorlik va xo’jalik ahamiyatidagi ta’siri, shuningdek, maqolada soha olimlari tomonidan g’o’za turkumlari turlarida transpiratsiya jadalligi o’rganish bo’yicha adabiyotlar tahlili ham o’rin olgan.

Аннотация: Мазкур мақолада кадрлар қўнимсизлиги кўрсаткичи, унинг иқтисодий аҳамияти ўрганиб чиқилган. Ривожланган давлатларда кадрлар қўнимсизлиги даражалари келитирлган, уларнинг ўзаро фарқланиши асослаб берилган. Ўзбекистонда ишчилар қўнимсизлиги даражасининг ҳозирги ҳолати танқидий ўрганилган ва қўнимсизлик даражасини пасайтириш бўйича таклиф ва тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган.

Клетчатка озиқ-овқат таркибидаги танамиз ҳазм қила олмайдиган оз сонли моддалардан биридир ва унинг озуқавий қиймати, юқори эмас. Клетчатканинг етарли эмаслиги ошқозон-ичак трактининг функционал бузилишлари, дисбиёз, иммунитет тизимининг пасайиши, юрак-қон томир касалликлари, семириш, 2-тоифа диабет, холелитиёз, айрим саратон ва бошқа касалликларни ривожланишига олиб келади [1].

Шу сабабдан озик-овкат махсулотларини клетчатка билан бойитиш долзарб мавзуга айланиб бормокда.

Лаборатория шароитида пиширилган колбаса таркибини клечатка билан бойитиш бўйича тажриба ишлари амалга оширилди.

Колбаса қиймасини тайёрлашда  Bosch MMB65G5M русумли блендердан фойдаланилди. Дастлаб блендерга ёғсиз мол гўшти юкланди, хом ашё майин масса ҳосил қилгунга қадар майдаланди, сўнг рецептура бўйича ош тузи ва зираворлар, чеснок солиниб 2 мин давомида аралашмаларни майдалаш давом эттирилди. Хайвон ёғи солиниб 1 мин давомида сўнгра озиқавий тола солиниб 30 секунд давомида блендер пичоқлари айлантирилди. Жараённинг охирги босқичида рецептура бўйича ун ва сув солиниб қийма аралаштирилди.

Қобиқ сифатида ичаклардан фойдаланилди. Аввалдан ювиб, тозаланган ва тузланган ичак яхшилаб чайиб ташланди ва қийма билан тўлдирилди. Қийма оараларига кириб қолган ҳавони ва гўшт селини чиқариб юбориш мақсадида тайёрланган колбаса батони узунаси бўйлаб игна санчиб чиқилди. 15-20 минутга колбаса қиймаси етилиши учун хона хароратида қолдирилди. Белгиланган вақтдан сўнг колбаса идишга солиниб утига 30-35^оС ҳароратли сув солинди ва оловда 15 мин қайнатиб олинди. Колбаса батонлари қайноқ сувдан олингач қоғоз салфетка ёрдамида қуритилди ва совитилди. Ўсимлик ёғида қизиш жигарранг ҳосил қилгунга қадар қовириб олинди.

Annotation: The article Theoretical Foundations of Culture in Language Education explores the critical role that cultural understanding plays in the acquisition and teaching of languages. It examines various theoretical frameworks that underpin the integration of culture into language pedagogy, highlighting the interdependence between language and cultural identity. The article discusses how culture influences language use, communication styles, and learner motivation, stressing the need for culturally responsive teaching methods. It also reviews approaches that address intercultural competence as a core educational goal, promoting learners’ ability to navigate and respect diverse cultural contexts. By analyzing cognitive, sociolinguistic, and pragmatic perspectives, the article underscores that effective language education must extend beyond grammar and vocabulary to include cultural awareness. This comprehensive view supports the development of learners’ communicative competence in authentic social interactions. Ultimately, the article advocates for a balanced incorporation of culture and language instruction to foster deeper understanding and meaningful global communication.

Annotatsiya: Ushbu maqolada Abdulla Qahhorning “Ayb kimda?” hikoyasi asosida matn stilistikasi tahlil qilinadi. Asarda muallif va qahramonlar nutqidagi stilistik kontrast, leksik-semantik vositalar, dialogik ifoda, kinoya va ironiyaning badiiy-estetik xususiyatlari yoritiladi. Matn voqelikni tasvirlash bilan birga, jamiyatdagi muhim tarbiyaviy muammolarni til vositasida ochib beradi.

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex, relapsing inflammatory condition of the upper airways, substantially affecting patients' quality of life and respiratory function. This study presents a clinical analysis of 120 adult patients diagnosed with CRSwNP according to the EPOS 2020 criteria. We explore demographic characteristics, symptom profiles, endoscopic and imaging findings, laboratory biomarkers, and treatment outcomes over a 12-month follow-up period. Emphasis is placed on differentiating disease endotypes and phenotypes to better predict recurrence and response to therapy, including systemic corticosteroids and biologics. Our findings support the importance of precision medicine approaches in managing this heterogeneous disease.

Аннотация: В статье рассматривается влияние и перспективы применения систем искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в логистике. Особое внимание уделено адаптивным алгоритмам планирования маршрутов, прогнозированию спроса и оптимизации цепочек поставок. Представлены математические модели применения ИИ в управлении логистическими потоками и описаны примеры внедрения интеллектуальных решений в реальных условиях. Также обсуждаются потенциальные риски и ограничения, связанные с цифровой трансформацией логистики.

Annotatsiya. Maqolada tritikalening yuqori hosildorlik salohiyati, biologik va genetik xususiyatlari, hamda tezpishar navlar seleksiyasi orqali yilda bir necha marta hosil olish imkoniyati tahlil qilingan. Shuningdek, tritikalening oziqaviy tarkibi, oqsil va kraxmalga boyligi, glyuten miqdorining moslashuvchanligi uni non mahsulotlari va dietik ovqatlar uchun muhim xomashyo sifatida qo‘llash imkonini berishi. Yem-xashak sifatida foydalanishdagi fenolik birikmalarning ahamiyati, shuningdek, seleksiya jarayonidagi genetik metodlar haqida ham batafsil ma'lumot berilgan.

Abstract: In this article of athletes work ability recovery rules , exhaustion and his types , re recovery of means types about information given. Modern of sports the most important from problems one of athletes work ability is to increase . Leader the world of athletes one in the day sports training at least 3-4 times performs Sports training scope and speed increase with sports together the number of competitions increased is going To the data than some leader athletes 51-54 times in competitions during the period participation have reached Fatigue is a physiological process that occurs due to mental or physical stress and passes after a short rest.

Abstract: In this article of athletes work ability recovery rules , exhaustion and his types , re recovery of means types about information given.

Abstract. Violation of the quality and natural condition of the waters can damage human health due to the fact that the water contains a large amount of infectious diseases-mosquito microorganisms, or due to an increase in worm eggs or an increase in the content of various chemicals in the water, but rather a decrease in it. The provision of centralized water supply to settlements reduces the incidence rate while improving the sanitary lifestyle of the population.

Abstract. Climate warming and inappropriate use of water resources can cause a drinking water crisis. This can not only endanger the lives of millions, but also cause dangerous socio-economic consequences.

Abstract: Thus, the early days of infectious mononucleosis are characterized by fever, signs of intoxication, clear damage to the mouth and throat in the form of angina, and difficulty breathing through the nose, along with enlargement of the liver and spleen. These signs allow for a presumptive diagnosis to be made early in the course of the disease. In the acute phase of the disease, hyperthermia persists, symptoms of tonsillitis decrease, hepatomegaly intensifies, and clinical blood tests show an increase in ESR, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and the appearance of atypical mononuclear cells in 52% of cases. Complications developed in 27.4% of cases.

Ветряная оспа - одна из наиболее широко распространенных высококонтагиозных инфекций, восприимчивость к которой достигает 95-100 %. На фоне снижения заболеваемости «управляемыми» инфекциями в структуре инфекционной патологии значимость ветряной оспы повышается. Заражение вирусом Varicella Zoster (VZV), обычно в взрослых возрасте, приводит к пожизненной латентной персистенции возбудителя в организме переболевшего ветрянкой человека с высокой вероятностью, часто через много лет, его эндогенной реактивации и развития такого тяжёлого, изнурительного заболевания, как опоясывающий герпес (опоясывающий лишай). [4,5]

Резюме: Иерсиниозы - заболевание, вызываемые несколькими видами энтеропатогенных иерсиний. Имеют алиментарный путь заражения, клинически проявляется интоксикацией ЦНС, диспепсией, тонзиллитом, лимфоаденопатией, сыпью, органными поражениями в различных органах. Были проанализированы данные обследования, а также диагностика и лечение 120 детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 14 лет, страдающих острым диарейным заболеванием, в период с 2021 по 2023 год, в то время как они составляли основную группу исследования, 40 детей были обследованы для контрольной группы. Все дети под наблюдением прошли обширное непрерывное обследование, которое включало клинические и лабораторные, биохимические, вирусологические и иммунологические исследования. В связи с этим акцент был сделан на их жалобах, перенесенных и сопутствующих заболеваниях, причинах возникновения заболевания, продолжительности заболевания, результатах диагностических и ранних лечебных мероприятий.

Резюме: Иерсиниозы - заболевание, вызываемые несколькими видами энтеропатогенных иерсиний. Имеют алиментарный путь заражения, клинически проявляется интоксикацией ЦНС, диспепсией, тонзиллитом, лимфоаденопатией, сыпью, органными поражениями в различных органах. Были проанализированы данные обследования, а также диагностика и лечение 120 детей в возрасте от 6 месяцев до 14 лет, страдающих острым диарейным заболеванием, в период с 2021 по 2023 год, в то время как они составляли основную группу исследования, 40 детей были обследованы для контрольной группы. Все дети под наблюдением прошли обширное непрерывное обследование, которое включало клинические и лабораторные, биохимические, вирусологические и иммунологические исследования. В связи с этим акцент был сделан на их жалобах, перенесенных и сопутствующих заболеваниях, причинах возникновения заболевания, продолжительности заболевания, результатах диагностических и ранних лечебных мероприятий.

Резюме. Стрептококковая инфекция остается в числе наиболее острых проблем здравоохранения во всех странах, что определяется широким распространением стрептококков группы А и огромным социально—экономическим ущербом, наносимым данной патологией.
Заболевания стрептококковой природы относятся к одним из самых часто регистрируемых в мире. По данным ВОЗ тяжелыми заболеваниями, вызванными стрептококками группы А, страдает 18,1 млн. Ежегодно регистрируется около 1,8 млн. новых случаев, умирает свыше 500 ООО человек, к этому следует добавить свыше 11 млн случаев стрептодермии и 616 млн. случаев фарингитов. Стрептококковые ангины в структуре острых респираторных заболеваний занимают второе место после гриппа.

Abstract: Shigellosis (bacterial dysentery) is an anthroponotic infectious disease with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism. It is caused by bacteria of the genus Shigella, and occurs in acute and chronic forms. It is characterized by manifestations of general intoxication with fever and signs of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (mainly the distal colon in the form of spastic hemocolitis).
This article describes the general description of shigellosis, their etiology, epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment methods, as well as ways to improve preventive and anti-epidemic measures. The article analyzes the main trends in reducing the spread of infectious diseases based on world experience and modern approaches.

Abstract:Man health in storage in residential areas physicist of factors role very big. In residences natural of light reduction , vehicles , enterprises coming out noise , reb resentments of a person nerve system activities break , see ability reduces. Science and technology development during population city from the noise save present of the time main issues one being left .

Abstract: Vitamins (Latin : vita - life), drugs - organic compounds necessary for the life activity and normal metabolism of a living organism. They have different chemical structures. Information about people getting sick as a result of a lack of certain substances in the composition of nutrients is recorded in ancient Chinese books, and later in the works of Hippocrates.

Abstract: Microelements - in small quantities in the body, fertilizers, ores (usually, the most important microelements affect the basic physiological and hygienic properties, participate in immune reactions, blood formation and tissue respiration, in animals, they decrease, they do not grow tall, the skeleton does not develop.

Annotasiya. Kоnseрt аtаmа sifаtidа tаlqin qilinmаsа, “tushunсhа” sо‘zigа sinоnim tаriqаsidа ishlatilishi mumkin. Аtаmа dаrаjаsigа сhiqqаn kоnseрt о‘zigа хоs “kаlit sо‘z” mаqоmini оlib – muаllifning mа’lum bir ilmiy yо‘nаlishgа qаrаshli ekаnligigа ishоrа qilаdi. Аksаr hоllаrdа kоnseрt kоgnitiv tilshunoslik vа lingvоmаdаniyаtshunоslik sоhаsigа оid аtаmа sifаtidа tаlqin qilinаdi.

The article provides a scientific and philosophical analysis of climate change occurring in the world and its causes and consequences. The consequences of climate change: ecological problems, social and cultural problems, problems in the healthcare system and economic consequences are studied based on factual data.
Is a long-term change in the Earth's climate , a process that is being exacerbated by human activities. Today we are witnessing negative effects of climate change on human beings. This article examines climate change the reasons to human to life , to society and to the economy the secret of the effect analysis . Every country and every person must contribute to solving this problem. Causes of climate change The main causes of climate change are the consequences of human damage to nature, namely deforestation, industrial production and pesticides used in agriculture. These are not only changing the atmospheric air, but also affecting all living things . The widespread use of fossil fuels through transport and energy consumption also contributes to climate change. Health threats. Climate change is causing the emergence of many diseases . Rising temperatures are leading to the spread of new diseases. For example, exotic diseases are changing their habitats and spreading more quickly. Diseases transmitted by pesticides and chemicals are also increasing. They can damage people's immune systems. Economic consequences . Global climate change has become one of the most pressing problems in the world economy and politics. Climate change, in terms of its impact on the global economy, is not only a large- scale natural hazard, but also a catalyst for multidirectional changes in many sectors of economic activity. Climate change, associated with freshwater shortages, food problems, natural disasters, migration, as well as the development prospects of a number of important sectors (energy, transport, construction, agriculture), is closely related to the complexity of global economic processes. Climate change is causing significant economic losses in agriculture and other sectors

Annotasiya: Mazkur maqolada sovet hukumati tomonidan amalga oshirilgan kollektivlashtirish islohoti, Marhamat rayonida mulkdorlardan tortib olingan yerlarda kolxozlar tashkil etilishi, axolining majburan kolxozlarga kirititlishi, kollektivlashtirish siyosatining maxalliy axoli turmush-tarziga ta’siri va oqibatlari haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Shuningdek maqolada Marhamat rayonida cho‘chqachilikning rivojlantirilishi, xattoki, tarixiy Mingtepa yodgorligi xududida cho‘chqa boqilganligi, shu bilan birga Mingtepa arxeologiya yodgorligini turli maqsadlarda buzib yuborilganligi haqida ham fikrlar bildirilgan.

Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada antik davr yodgorligi Mingtepa shahrida (Andijon viloyati Marhamat tumani) diniy e’tiqodning shakllanishi to‘g‘risida so‘z boradi. Mingtepada madaniy taraqqiyot o‘ziga xos tarzda rivojlangan bo‘lib, diniy e’tiqod turli ko‘rinishlarda namoyon bo‘lgan. Bu yerda zardushtiylik bilan birga quyoshga sig‘inish va totemistik e’tiqodni kuzatish mumkin. Mavzuni tahlil qilishda arxeologik materiallardan keng foydalanildi.