https://biti.uz/konferensiya/konferensiya2025/index.html
21 апреля 2025 г.
469
PROVIDING FIRST AID IN INJURIES AND FRACTURES
N.R. Ochilova
Associate Professor at the Department
of Clinical and Pre-clinical Disciplines,
Bukhara Innovation University of Education and Medicine
Аnnоtаsiуа :
Ushbu mаqоlаdа shikаstlаnishlаrdа vа sinishlаrdа birinchi
tibbiу уоrdаm kо’rsаtishning bir qаnchа turlаri bо‘уichа mа’lumоtlаr bеrilgаn va
ushbu holatlar to`liq ravishda boyitilgan. Bоsh, kо’krаk, оуоq vа bоshning sоchli
qismi jаrоhаtlаngаndа mаxsus bоg‘lаm qo`уish vа shikаstlаngаndа уаn bir nеchtа
birinchi tibbiу уоrdаm qilish va bu yordam natijasida bemor holatini yaxshilash
hаqidа fikr mulоhаzаlаr уuritilаdi.
Kаlit sо`zlаr
: Sinish, sinish holatni aniqlash, bog`lam, birinchi tibbiу
уоrdаm kо‘rsatish, kо`krаk sоhаlаrigа bоg`lаm qo`уish, уеngil vа issiq bоsh
kiуimi.
Аннотация:
В данной статье представлена информация о нескольких
видах первой помощи при травмах и переломах, причем эти случаи
полностью обогащены. При ранениях головы, груди, шеи, волосистой части
головы накладывают специальные повязки, при ранении оказывают ряд мер
первой помощи, в результате этой помощи состояние больного улучшается.
Ключевые слова:
Перелом, определение переломного состояния,
повязка, первая помощь, нагрудная повязка, легкий и теплый головной убор.
Annotation:
This article provides information about different types of first
aid for injuries and fractures, with these situations being thoroughly explained. It
covers the application of special bandages when the head, chest, limbs, or scalp
are injured, as well as performing several first aid procedures to improve the
patient's condition. Additionally, the article discusses how these first aid measures
can enhance the patient's condition.
Keywords:
Fracture, fracture diagnosis, bandage, first aid, applying
bandages to the chest area, light and warm headgear.
https://biti.uz/konferensiya/konferensiya2025/index.html
21 апреля 2025 г.
470
Wound refers to the mechanical damage or disruption of the skin or mucous
membranes caused by external forces. In such cases, internal tissues may also be
damaged or ruptured. If the object causing the injury enters the div, a wound
channel is formed between the tissues. Depending on the nature of the wound, the
following types can be distinguished:
a)
Superficial wounds
– characterized by damage to the skin and mucous
membranes;
b)
Deep wounds
– which may involve damage to arteries, nerves, bones, joints,
and internal organs.
In addition to surgical wounds caused by sterile instruments, all other
wounds are considered infected.
The types of wounds are as follows:
Puncture wounds
– occur when a sharp object (such as a knife, needle,
nail, or awl) pierces the skin. These wounds typically have a small external
opening but may be deep. The wound channel is often irregular due to tissue
disruption. Such puncture wounds can be dangerous because the depth of the
wound and whether internal organs are affected can be difficult to determine.
Incised wounds
– occur when a sharp object (such as a knife, scalpel, or
razor blade) cuts through the skin. These wounds usually have uneven edges and
are open, bleeding, but generally heal well.
Shredded wounds
– a type of incised wound, where the skin and
underlying tissues are displaced. These wounds occur along a movement line,
often caused by cutting or tearing forces. Such wounds tend to be deep and
difficult to heal.
Contused wounds
– caused by a heavy, blunt object (such as a stone,
hammer, or other objects) impacting the skin and underlying tissues. These
wounds may resemble incised wounds externally, but they affect a larger area and
often damage deeper structures like muscles, joints, or bones. The edges of the
wound are often bruised.
https://biti.uz/konferensiya/konferensiya2025/index.html
21 апреля 2025 г.
471
Crushed wounds
– occur when tissues are crushed by blunt objects (such
as a rock or hammer). These wounds often result in extensive damage to tissues
and are prone to infection due to the disruption of tissue integrity.
Gunshot wounds
– caused by projectiles fired from firearms. The nature of
the wound depends on the type of projectile (bullet, shrapnel, etc.) and its velocity.
These wounds may cause severe internal organ damage, with both entry and exit
holes formed. The entry hole is typically smaller than the exit hole.
Bite wounds occur as a result of an animal or human bite. The skin and
underlying soft tissues are significantly damaged. These wounds are always
infected and heal with delayed complications. Bite wounds should never be
stitched. First aid for bite wounds includes washing the wound with 20% soapy
water and, after drying, applying an aseptic bandage.
Clinical Features of Bite Wounds
The clinical features of a bite wound include pain, open edges, bleeding, and
functional disturbances in the affected area. The severity of the wound can be
categorized as:
a) Mild
b) Moderate
c) Severe
External wounds are characterized by their depth, the type of internal organ
damage, and the complications that arise (such as bleeding, dysfunction of the
affected organ, peritonitis, pneumothorax, etc.).
In any bite wound, there are several potential risks, including the risk of
infections that can be transmitted through the wound. The infections may lead to a
systemic response, including shock and terminal conditions. These events are not
only caused by pain but also by the bleeding from the wound.
Bleeding is the greatest risk associated with wounds. In addition, the risk of
infection entering the div through the wound is not negligible. Both of these
risks require prompt first aid to stop the bleeding and prevent infection.
https://biti.uz/konferensiya/konferensiya2025/index.html
21 апреля 2025 г.
472
Complications and Risks of Bite Wounds
Bite wounds may lead to infections that cause various diseases in the div,
such as tetanus, gas gangrene, or rabies from animal bites. Vaccination is
recommended to prevent diseases like tetanus. The prophylactic dose for gas
gangrene is 30,000 IU of antiserum.
Hemorrhage into the Pleural Cavity
When the chest is struck, ribs are broken, or in certain lung diseases, blood
may accumulate in one or both pleural cavities. Accumulated blood exerts
pressure on the lungs, which makes breathing difficult. Due to the inability to
breathe properly and the occurrence of bleeding, the patient's condition rapidly
deteriorates, their skin becomes pale, and they may turn a bluish color.
First Aid:
The patient should be immediately transported to a medical facility for
treatment. After stabilizing the patient, the first aid includes placing a cold
compress or ice pack on the chest.
Hemorrhage into the Abdominal Cavity
Bleeding into the abdominal cavity usually occurs when internal organs like
the liver or spleen are injured. In some cases, liver and spleen diseases can cause
bleeding into the abdomen. In pregnant women, bleeding outside the uterus may
occur as a result of complications, which can lead to miscarriage.
Clinical Features:
Bleeding into the abdominal cavity causes severe pain in the abdomen. The
skin becomes pale, and the pulse rate increases. In cases of heavy bleeding, the
patient may lose consciousness.
First Aid:
The patient should be placed in a horizontal position, and an ice pack should
be applied to the abdomen. It is important to avoid giving the patient food or
fluids. Immediate transportation to a medical facility is necessary.
https://biti.uz/konferensiya/konferensiya2025/index.html
21 апреля 2025 г.
473
USED LITERATURE :
1.
N.R. Ochilova, G.S. Murotova, D.R. Karshieva. "The Importance of Water
Quality and Quantity in Strengthening the Health and Living Conditions of the
Population." Central Asian Journal of Medical and Natural Science 2 (5), 399-402.
2.
A.A. Majidov, D.R. Karshieva, N.R. Ochilova. "Physicochemical Properties
of Printed Cotton Fabrics with Starch-Based Thickener, Carboxymethylcellulose,
and Sericin." Universum: Technical Sciences, 33-37.
3.
M.R. Amonov, R.A. Ismatova, D.R. Karshieva, N.R. Ochilova.
"Development of a New Composition for the Binding Composition." Materials of
the International Scientific Conference. "Innovative Engineering Solutions."
4.
A.N. Asadullayev, N.R. Ochilova, O.G. Jabbrova. "Healthy Lifestyle."
Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 11 (1), 1835.
5.
F.B. Ibragimova, M.R. Amonov, N.R. Ochilova. "Resource-Saving
Technology for the Production of Printing Paint Thickener Using a Polymer
Composition Based on Starch, Sericin, and Polyacrylamide." Universum:
Technical Sciences, 18-21.
6.
M. Amonov, S. Shodiyeva, E. Niyozov, R. Ismatova, B. Ganiev, N.
Ochilova. "Chemical and Thermal Properties of Compositions Based on PAA,
PVA, and Na-CMS for Printing Flowers on Silk Fiber Fabrics." E3S Web of
Conferences 389, 01019.
7.
N. Ochilova. "Wastewater Treatment from Industrial Enterprises." Center
for Scientific Publications (buxdu.uz) 1 (1).
8.
N.R. Ochilova. "Implementation of Problem-Based and Programmed
Learning Elements in Teaching Practice." Young Scientist, 188-190.
9.
N.R. Ochilova. "Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Rice Starch as
a Primary Component of Textile Auxiliaries." Scientist of the 21st Century, 27-29.
10.
A.N. Asadullaev, N.R. Ochilova, O.G. Jabbrova. "Healthy Lifestyle."
Academicia: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal (SSN: 2249).
11.
S. Mardonova, G. Murotova, R. Sharafutdinova. "Principles of Increasing
the Spiritual and Moral Integrity of the Population in Possible Emergency
Situations." E3S Web of Conferences 2 (2), 34-40.
12.
N. Ochilova. "The Issue of Ecological Education in the Family." Center for
Scientific Publications (buxdu.uz) 30 (30).
