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THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA (RSA)
Ulugmurodov Farkhod Fakhriddinovich
SamISI, Assistant of the “Digital Economy” Department
(ORCID 0009-0000-6613-8676)
Jorayev Madamin Odil ugli
Student of Samarkand Institute of Economics and Service
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14630811
Annotation:
The Republic of South Africa (RSA) is a country located in the southern
part of Africa, renowned for its rich natural resources, diverse culture, and complex historical
processes. The country boasts one of the most developed economies in Africa, with significant
potential in the sectors of industry, agriculture, and tourism.
Keywords:
Republic of South Africa, Economy, Industry, Agriculture, Foreign Trade
Turnover, Transportation.
The Republic of South Africa (RSA) (in Afrikaans:
Republiek van Suid-Afrika
; in English:
Republic of South Africa
) is a country in southern Africa. It covers an area of 1,221,000 km²
and has a population of over 60.41 million people. The capital city is Pretoria.
Administratively, the country is divided into 9 provinces. The leading sectors of the economy
include manufacturing (22.6% of GDP), mining (13%), finance (15.21%), trade and tourism
(11.52%), transport and communications (9.11%), agriculture (5%), and fishing (4.7%).
Promising sectors also include services, oil, and gas extraction and processing.
Industry:
South Africa ranks among the top countries in the world for the extraction of
gold (over 530 tons annually on average), platinum group metals (close to 100 tons),
vanadium, chromium, manganese ores, antimony, and diamonds. It holds 5th place in coal
extraction and 7th in uranium mining. The country also mines iron ore, copper, asbestos, and
other minerals. Approximately 170 billion kWh of electricity is produced annually. Developed
industries include ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemicals, oil refining, cement
production, textiles, and food production.
Agriculture:
Nearly all agricultural production is concentrated in white-owned farms.
Major crops include maize (7.7 million tons), sugarcane (21 million tons), wheat (1.5 million
tons), potatoes, tobacco, citrus fruits, and other fruits. About 80% (98 million hectares) of the
country's land is used for agricultural purposes, and approximately 1.4 million hectares are
irrigated. Water for irrigation is sourced from rivers such as the Vaal, Olifants, Crocodile, and
Great Fish. Livestock farming includes cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. In wool production, South
Africa ranks behind Australia, New Zealand, and Argentina. Dairy farming is concentrated
around major cities.
Transportation:
The total length of railways is 33,800 km, of which about 5,000 km are
electrified. The length of paved roads is 56,400 km. Oil and petroleum products are
transported from ports to major industrial centers via pipelines. The country has a well-
developed maritime fleet. Major ports include Durban, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth, and East
London. There are three international airports.
Foreign Trade Turnover:
South Africa's foreign trade turnover exceeds $40 billion
annually. Imports mainly include machinery and equipment, while exports consist of minerals
and agricultural raw materials, diamonds and metals, chemical products, and agricultural
produce. South Africa ranks 4th globally in wool exports and exports nearly 70 million liters
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of wine annually. Major trading partners include the United States, the United Kingdom,
Germany, Japan, and Switzerland. The national currency is the rand.
Below is a table presenting the main components of South Africa's Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) from 2013 to 2023, broken down by year. The components include
imports, construction, services, agriculture, and industry.
Below is a line graph presenting the main components of South Africa's Gross
Domestic Product (GDP) from 2013 to 2023
During this period, a decline has been observed across all sectors. This decrease can be
attributed to the slowdown in economic growth or the negative impact of global and domestic
economic factors. The most significant decline has been in exports, industry, and services.
DESCRIPTION STATISTICS
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CORRELATION
There is a strong positive correlation with all variables, especially with services (0.979)
and agriculture (0.979). This indicates that as exports increase, these sectors also develop.
There is a high correlation with services (0.982) and industry (0.982), reflecting that
construction activity is closely linked to these sectors. A strong correlation with GDP (0.971)
highlights the significant role of construction in economic growth. There is an extremely
strong correlation with industry (0.992) and GDP (0.990), indicating that the services sector is
one of the main driving forces of the economy. Agriculture also shows a high correlation with
all sectors, particularly services (0.980) and exports (0.979), emphasizing its importance in
supporting other sectors. The strongest correlation with GDP (0.996) demonstrates that
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industry is the sector contributing the most to the economy. Services show a very high
correlation (0.992), indicating the interdependence of these two sectors. There is a very high
correlation with industry (0.996) and services (0.990), confirming that these sectors form the
core of overall economic production. Correlation analysis reveals a well-integrated economy,
where services and industry significantly influence overall economic growth and
development. While industry is the primary driver of GDP, the services sector plays a crucial
supportive role in the economy. Due to the high interdependence between all sectors, a crisis
in one sector can potentially impact the entire economy.
REGRESSION
SUMMARY OUTPUT
This demonstrates that the correlation with independent variables is very strong. The
model explains nearly all variability in the dependent variable, with 99.6% of the changes in
the dependent variable being explained by the independent variables. This indicates a high
degree of model fit and accuracy. Even after accounting for the number of independent
variables, 99.2% of the variability is explained, confirming the model's reliability. The average
difference between observed values and the regression line is 3.79 units, which is small
relative to the scale of the data and indicates high model precision. The analysis is based on 11
data points, supporting the validity of the results. The regression model is highly effective and
reliable, almost fully explaining the relationships between variables. The high R Square and
Adjusted R Square values confirm the accuracy and robustness of the model. This makes it a
powerful tool for forecasting and analyzing economic trends. However, for long-term
application, it is recommended to validate the model with additional data.
ANOVA
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RESIDUAL OUTPUT
PROBABILITY OUTPUT
The following chart presents the projected growth rate of South Africa's GDP up to
2026.
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The line graph shows the changes of GDP and the prediction till 2016.
Conclusion:
The Republic of South Africa (RSA) is one of the most developed economies
in Africa, leading in the industrial, agricultural, and service sectors. The country is among the
global leaders in mining minerals such as gold, platinum, chromium, and manganese. Its
agriculture is well-developed, focusing on crops like maize, sugarcane, wheat, and livestock
products. In foreign trade, South Africa exports mineral raw materials, wool, wine, and
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agricultural products. The transport infrastructure is advanced, with major ports located in
Durban and Cape Town. Although recent years have seen an economic decline, the country is
on the path to recovery.
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