100
MEDICAL PROCESSING OF CARIOUS CAVITY
Batirov B. А., Shokirova F.F., Murodov X.U., Sofieva N.B.
Tashkent State Dental Institute, Uzbekistan.
Caries is most common in children, but adults are also susceptible to this
disease. The following forms of caries are distinguished:
Superficial caries - most common in both children and adults, affects the
chewing or interdental surfaces of the teeth.
Deep caries - with age, the gums fall, exposing the roots of the teeth. Since
tooth roots are not protected by enamel, cavities are easily formed in the affected
areas.
Secondary caries-carious cavities affect previously sealed teeth. This is
because such areas often accumulate plaque, which can eventually turn into a carious
process. Adults who suffer from dry mouth syndrome, a disease associated with a
lack of salivation, are most susceptible to caries. Dry mouth syndrome can be caused
by an illness, as well as a side effect of certain medications, radiation and
chemotherapy. It can be temporary and last from several days to several months, or
permanent, depending on the causes of the disease [1].
The formation of cavities is a serious disease. Without timely proper
treatment, the caries cavity can destroy the tooth and damage the neurovascular
bundle in the center of the tooth, which in turn can lead to inflammation of the root
canals. After the occurrence of inflammation (also known as "pulpitis"), treatment
is possible only by depulpation and other surgical procedures or by removing the
tooth.
How do I know if I have cavities? Only a dentist can accurately diagnose
caries. This is due to the fact that the carious process begins below the surface layer
of enamel, where it is invisible at first glance. When you consume food rich in
carbohydrates (sugar and starch), the bacteria contained in the plaque turn them into
acids that destroy the tooth enamel. Over time, the enamel layer is destroyed from
the inside, while the surface remains undisturbed. With a progressive tissue defect,
the surface layer is also destroyed over time, forming a carious cavity.
The process of caries formation is most often affected by the recesses of the
chewing surfaces of the molars, the interdental surfaces, and the surfaces that touch
the gingival edge. Regardless of where it occurs, the best way to diagnose and treat
caries is to regularly visit the dentist for a periodic examination, which will help
prevent the transition of the caries process to more severe stages.
How to prevent the development of caries? Brush your teeth at least twice a
day, and use dental floss daily to remove plaque from the interdental spaces and the
cervical part of the gum [2].
Visit your dentist regularly. Preventive measures allow you to avoid the
occurrence of diseases, or stop their development at the initial stage.
Follow a balanced diet with a limited amount of starch and sugar. If you
include foods rich in starch and sugar in your diet, consume them during the main
101
meals, rather than between them - this will limit the time during which your teeth
are exposed to acids. Use fluoride-containing products for oral care, including
toothpaste. Make sure that children drink water enriched with fluoride. If the water
at Your place of residence is not fluoridated, your dentist and pediatrician may
prescribe fluoride- containing dietary supplements to Your child [3].
Definition: a Condition characterized by the formation of carious cavities is called
dental caries. Caries is caused by certain types of bacteria that process carbohydrates and
release acid, which destroys the tooth enamel and the dentin under it.
Signs and symptoms: there Are three possible signs that indicate the formation
of a carious cavity: toothache, reaction of the teeth to sweet, hot or cold, or pain
when chewing.
The reason: the oral cavity is home to a large number of different bacteria that
form a plaque on the tooth, which is a sticky film. When eating or drinking, these
bacteria process the carbohydrates they contain to form an acid that corrodes the
tooth enamel. The acid leaches minerals from the enamel, and if not properly treated,
this can lead to the formation of a carious cavity. Caries begins to form in the main
part of the tooth (enamel) and, as the enamel is destroyed, penetrates deep into the
dentin, eventually reaching the nerve (pulp) of the teeth.
Diagnosis: the Dentist can detect caries by examining the surface of the tooth,
as well as using radiography, which allows you to see whether the caries has
penetrated from the enamel deep into the dentin or to the pulp of the tooth [4].
Prevention: there Are different ways to prevent caries, which include:
-
Daily cleaning of the teeth with a toothbrush and floss, since this procedure
allows to reduce the amount of plaque and the number of bacteria in the oral cavity.
-
Limiting the amount of sugar-or starch-containing foods consumed during
the day reduces the formation of acid in the oral cavity, which damages the tooth
enamel.
-
Use of fluoride-containing toothpaste that strengthens the teeth, as well as
passing procedures for processing teeth with fluoride in the dentist's office, or taking
fluoride-containing additives in accordance with the recommendations of the dentist.
-
Use of antibacterial mouthwashes to reduce the number of bacteria that
cause caries.
-
Use of chewing gum containing xylitol, which inhibits the growth of
bacteria.
Treatment: when treating adult patients, the dentist applies a sealant to molars
that have the first signs of dental caries to prevent caries from penetrating deeper
tooth tissues. If the enamel shows signs of permanent damage, the dentist can seal
the tooth. In more serious cases, you may need to process the root canal [5].
We consider it appropriate to use the following method of antiseptic treatment
of the cavity before filling:
1.
Plentiful washing of the cavity with water, water-air spray and drying from
the" gun " of the dental unit. It is desirable that the " gun " was not supplied with tap
water, but had an Autonomous supply of distilled water from a special container.
2.
Medical treatment of the carious cavity with 2% aqueous solution of
chlorhexidine. For these purposes, you can use a solution purchased from a
102
pharmacy, but, in our opinion, it is most convenient to use the drug "Consepsis"
(Ultradent) for these purposes. It is a 2% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconot,
containing mild flavorings and having a pH of 6.0. Another version of this drug —
"Consepsis V" - has a thicker consistency. These products are available in syringes,
complete with disposable cannula brushes "Black Mini Brush" or "Dento-Infusor".
"Consepsis" is applied to the walls and bottom of the cavity with a cannula
brush for 30-60 seconds. It can also be used to treat the surrounding tissues of the
tooth and the adjacent gum. As necessary, the drug is gradually squeezed out of the
syringe.
3.
The drug is carefully inflated and dried with air. It is not recommended to
wash it off.
4.
After that, the enamel and dentin are etched, the adhesive system is
applied, and the cavity is sealed in accordance with the instructions for the filling
material.
Effective application of the adhesive system and qualified, technologically
correct filling ensure long-term sealing of the dentin surface and impermeability at
the border of the filling / tooth tissue. This prevents the reinfection of dentin, the
development of recurrent caries and complications from the pulp of the tooth.
When treating children, the dentist can apply the sealant to both milk and
permanent molars. The dentist can also apply fluoride-containing dental varnish to
milk and permanent teeth to protect them from caries.
Complications: if left untreated, the carious cavity can cause a large-scale
carious lesion of the tooth. Eventually, uncontrolled caries can completely destroy
the tooth. In addition, there is a risk of developing an infection caused by an abscess
that spreads towards the root of the tooth.
Related conditions or diseases: the formation of a carious cavity is the result
of poor oral hygiene and the constant presence of plaque on the surface of the tooth.
Special types of plaque bacteria cause the development of caries. Various types of
bacteria contained in plaque in the area of the gum line cause the development of
gum diseases that should be treated by a dentist or periodontist. Since caries can
penetrate deep into the structure of the tooth, up to the pulp cavity, where the nerves
are located, the patient may be hypersensitive to certain foods and beverages [6].
References:
1.
Kuz'mina E.M. Stomatologicheskaya zabolevaemost' naseleniya Rossii.
M.: MGMSU, 1999. 228 s.
2.
Kuz'mina E.M. Gigienist stomatologicheskiy. Uchebnik Rossii. M.:
MGMSU, 2012
3.
Trezubov V.N., Mishnev L.M. Dnevnik proizvodstvennoy praktiki po
ortopedicheskoy stomatologii: Metodicheskie ukazaniya dlya studentov 4 kursa
stomatologicheskogo fakul'teta. SPbGMU, 2015
4.
V.N. Trezubov Sbornik testovykh zadaniy dlya studentov 3 kursa
stomatologicheskogo fakul'teta. SPbGMU, 2013
5.
Lukashova L.V., Lepekhin A.V., Il'inskikh E.N. Infektsionnye bolezni i
epidemiologiya. Sbornik testovykh zadaniy: uchebnoe posobie. Tomsk SibGMU,
103
2014
6.
Trezubov V.N., Zhulev E.N., Mishnev L.M. Ortopedicheskaya
stomatologiya. Prikladnoe materialovedenie. MEDpress, 2014
7. Шукурова, Умпда Абдурасуловна, and Севара Суннатуллоевна
Гаффорова. "Влияние пломбировочных материалов на микробпоценоз
полости рта." (2020).
8. Kamilov, К., Kliodzliiakbaiova, S., Takhirova. К.. Kadirbaeva. А.. &
Bakhramova, F. Experimental Estimation Of Denta Aloe" Efficiency In The
Complex Treatment Of Sutton’s Aphthae. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical
Medicine, 7(03), 2020.
9. Melkumyan, Timur V., et al. "Treatment of Class II Caries Lesions with
Application of Packable and Conventional Resin
Composites: Clinical and
Experimental Study." International Journal of Biomedicine 10.1 (2020): 66-69.
10. Бекжанова, Ольга, et al. "Психологическая характеристика больных
плоским
лишаем
слизистой
оболочки
рта."
Cathedra-Кафедра.
Стоматологическое образование 47 (2014): 28-31.
PREVALENCE, INTENSITY AND FEATURES OF THE CLINICAL
COURSE OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN YOUNG PEOPLE.
Ataeva M.A., Hamroyeva K.SH
Bukhara state medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Relevance.
The prevalence of periodontal diseases has a steady upward trend.
In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in periodontal diseases in
children and young people. In 10-15% of 13-16 year olds, children are diagnosed
with generalized forms of gingivitis and periodontitis. The wide prevalence of
inflammatory and destructive lesions and periodontal disease among young people
requires the development of measures for their prevention. The basis of such events
is the data of mass epidemiological studies.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY.
To study the prevalence and intensity of
inflammatory and destructive periodontal diseases in people aged 17 to 25 years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH.
Mass examinations
were carried out at the clinic of the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of the
Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino according to the WHO
methodology. Almost healthy males (pre-conscripts and conscripts) aged 17-25
years, in the amount of 600 people, were examined. The majority of the examined
were people aged 17-20 years (70%), 20% were people aged 21-22 years, and only
10% were aged 23-25 years. The choice was considered representative, since in each
age group the number of examined persons exceeded 100 people.
The state of oral hygiene was determined by the Fedorov-Volodkina index
modified by Fedorov (1982), and the periodontal condition was determined using
the periodontal index (PI) according to Russel (1967).
RESEARCH RESULTS.
The prevalence of periodontal diseases in the
