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O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va boshqa sohalarida raqamlashtirish jarayonlari.
Usually human capital is taken to mean abilities, knowledge, skills, and mastered
competencies, which together determine the economic productivity of a person (human
labor activity is measured in money, a person is seen as an economic resource).
Today, advanced technologies in the field of digitalization and the industrial
revolution contribute to the formation of human capital of a fundamentally new quality.
As we know, the classical approach to human capital highlights two key components:
special and general skills. Until now, special human capital was considered the most
valuable, and general was assigned a spatial importance. In the digital economy, however,
these roles are changing. It is general skills and literacy (competence) such as strategic
thinking, emotional intelligence, adaptability, creativity, the ability to work under
uncertainty, the ability to constantly retrain. [1].
The implementation of digital technologies in the digital economy generates
demand for specialists with specialized digital competencies, a comprehensive
understanding of the field of activity, and knowledge and experience in related fields. The
active development of ICT, on the one hand, leads to a reduction of jobs and an increase
in wage inequality, and, on the other hand, makes it possible to create fundamentally new
in-demand and well-paid professions.
The competence of human capital will be determined by the ability and readiness
to work effectively and efficiently in various socially significant situations on the basis
of used key competences. [2].
HUMAN CAPITAL IS A CORE VALUE DIGITAL
ECONOMY
M.T.Butaboev
FarPI Professor
A
nno
ta
ts
iy
a
This article reveals the formation of the spread and development of human capital,
its cardinal transformation, which are necessary both for participation in the
creation and dissemination of digital technologies, and for their use in the
business process in the digital world of knowledge, skills and determining factors
of production, entrepreneurship and employment. The article substantiates and
recommends the competence model and its indicators in the Fergana region.
Kalit so‘zlar:
digital technologies, digital transformation, digital literacy, digital
competence,
digital
consumption,
digital
security,
digital
communication, competence model, formation, human capital, project
implementation.
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O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va boshqa sohalarida raqamlashtirish jarayonlari.
It is necessary to provide purposeful training to form a systematic set of
competencies that will later serve to solve various tasks in the chosen professional field.
A distinction is made between basic, key and professional competences.
Competences that are applied throughout a person's life in all spheres of his/her activities
are considered to be basic competences. Professional competences include creative
thinking, continuous self-development, and productive activities.
The interrelation of competences (Fig.1) determines their systematicness.
Fig.1. Scheme of interconnection of competencies in the system of digital economy
competencies.
The analysis of national approaches to the establishment of competences showed
that different degrees of detail are allowed based on the tasks of social development.
In Finland, competences are grouped into 4 groups:
1.Ways of thinking, critical thinking, problem solving, decision making;
2.Learning skills;
3.Ability to work and ability to work in a team, tools for work, information literacy;
4.Skills for everyday life: civic literacy, skills for life and career, professional and
social responsibility, cultural awareness and competence.
Canada distinguishes between 6 groups of core competencies:
1.Critical thinking;
2.Creativity, innovation, entrepreneurship;
3.Communication;
4.Cooperation; 4;
5.Character education;
6.Civic literacy (the ability to act in fluid and ambiguous circumstances).
The Republic of Korea has developed "cross-cutting competencies for the 21st
century. They are six: 1) self-management, 2) knowledge and information management,
3) creative thinking, 4) aesthetics and emotionality, 5) communication, and 6) civic
literacy.
The Russian Atlas of New Professions has been developed in Russia, where 11
supraprofessional skills are highlighted:
1. ecological thinking;
2. project management;
3. systems thinking;
4. work with people;
5. work under uncertainty;
6. programming/robotics/artificial intelligence;
Core
competencies
Key
competencies of
the digital
economy
Professional
competencies of
the field of
activity
Professional
competencies of
an employee
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O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va boshqa sohalarida raqamlashtirish jarayonlari.
7. artistic creativity skills;
8. multilingualism and multiculturalism;
9. interdisciplinary communication;
10. customer-oriented;
11. lean production.
The system of key competences of the European Union is the most interesting from
the international experience. According to it 4 qualification levels were developed, each
of which has two sublevels:
1. basic level:
- performance of certain operations in a particular competence area under the
guidance of a specialist;
- independent performance of certain operations in a specific area of competence
and involvement of a specialist if necessary.
2. Intermediate level:
- independently performing certain operations in a specific area of competence and
solving emerging problems;
- independent execution of certain operations in a certain competence area
according to one's own needs and solving both clearly defined and non-standard tasks for
this purpose
3. Advanced Level:
- Guiding others in performing certain operations, demonstrating the capabilities
of various technologies, and suggesting different ways to solve problems;
-Performing certain operations in the particular field of competence according to
one's own needs and the needs of others, in complex circumstances.
4. Highly specialized level:
- Determining ways to solve complex problems in a specific competency area under
limited information, self-development, and making one's own contribution to professional
activities;
- solving complex multi-factor problems in a specific area of competence, finding
opportunities for self-development, proposing new ideas and processes.
Based on an appropriate set of basic competencies, a system of key digital
competencies is formed, extending to the digital economy.
We can consider the main value of improving the quality of human capital to be
not just an increase in the volume of knowledge, but the acquisition of specific experience
of activity. Digital competences are a system of knowledge, skills, experience, abilities,
which are required when using information and communication. Digital competencies are
one of the main priorities for the development of basic and specialized skills. Mastering
digital competencies facilitates tasks in media and digital environments, media literacy
expands opportunities for communication, communication, collaboration, and
collaborative problem solving. Effective, systematic accumulation of knowledge as well
as critical, professional and flexible thinking are very valuable.
Digital competencies extend to the sphere of digital content creation, including
information security software, digital well-being and competence. According to our
study, in 2020, the proportion of households connected to the Internet in Uzbekistan is
58.4% (in Fergana region this figure was 51.2%), which is 9.6% more than in 2019 (Fig.
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O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va boshqa sohalarida raqamlashtirish jarayonlari.
1). In this regard, the problem of digital literacy of the population, both to the professional
sphere and at the user level, is acute. [4].
It is known that digital literacy is determined, on the contrary, by the knowledge
and skills that are necessary for the effective use of digital technologies and resources of
the Internet. Digital literacy of the population is formed from digital consumption, digital
competencies and digital security. [1,1]
Fig. 2. Share of households connected to the Internet in Fergana region compared
to the whole territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Human digital literacy, i.e. the ability of a person to adapt to the demands of the
time on whether he will be able to find the necessary data, transfer them, use the
opportunities that digital multimedia provide in the conditions of colossal volumes of
information.
With the digitalization of the economy, knowledge is subject to depreciation, the
more intensively some information is used in production, more and more is counted in
the cost of each unit of production goods. Apparently for this reason, many people and
even whole countries were not ready for the realities of the digital economy.
Currently in Uzbekistan there is a high demand for the use of foreign technology,
caused by the low quality of equipment. First, the lack of highly qualified specialists, the
competition between countries for a place in the knowledge economy is constantly
intensifying. Uzbekistan has not been particularly successful in this field. The country is
in a transition phase between a resource economy and a knowledge economy. Secondly,
there is low automation of production. By the way, in the next 10-15 years, up to 50% of
work operations in the world will be automated. Third, in the new "digital" society,
citizenship will be replaced by compulsory identification on government and banking
resources on the Internet. All human activity should switch exclusively to an electronic
format and paper documents will be decisively excluded. Fourthly, the low level of wages
contributes to the outflow of highly skilled personnel in foreign companies, reducing the
competitiveness of the economy in the world market and slowing down innovation
26,6
30,2
34,5
40,4
48,8
58,4
21,6
24,9
29,2
34,1
41,8
51,2
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
Uzbekistan
Fergana region
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O‘zbekiston iqtisodiyoti va boshqa sohalarida raqamlashtirish jarayonlari.
development in all spheres of activity. Fifth, the high level of monopoly and bureaucracy
digital economy breaks the usual models of industrial markets. In a general sense,
digitalization is the application of new methods of generating, processing, storage and
transmission of data, as well as digital computer technology in the economic activity of
society. [4.4]
In our opinion, the new quality of human capital is manifested in its competence,
which is the accumulation of additional skills that provide life and professional formation
in the digital environment.
The national program of Uzbekistan 2020-2023 plans to graduate 1 million Uzbek
programmers-engineers for the digital economy. Based on this program, 30 mono-centers
for education and training of programmers-engineers have been organized for Ferghana
region in rural areas. Also, 50 thousand information specialists and qualified personnel
will be attracted to work in the ICT sphere as well as 10 thousand gifted young men will
be mobilized in mathematics and physics to be trained for state grants for studying
abroad[5-8]. Here, specialists in Web programming and computer science will also be
retrained. In addition, 1 million people will be trained online to improve digital literacy
and competence.
Conclusion.
Human capital is one of the most powerful drivers of economic development in
general, and in the realities of a digitized world, it becomes even more important.
Successful digital transformation in the country is now impossible to imagine without the
necessary computer skills within society. That is why Uzbekistan pays great attention to
programs to create digital human capital as a result of a system of programs, which
certainly contributes to bringing the economy of the Republic to a new level.
Literature:
1.Zelenov A.V. Management of Human Capital Development in the Digital
Economy. Kursk 2020. [1,c.7-13.]
2.Smironov V.T. Human capital: content and types, assessment and stimulation.
Orel GTU 2005. [2,с.510-513.]
3. Yakimchuk S.V. Development of human capital: regional aspect Kiev 2015.
[с.20-23]
4.Butaboev M.T., Mulaydinov F. Digital Economy. Textbook Tashkent 2021. [4.4,
c.76-91.]
