American Journal Of Biomedical Science & Pharmaceutical Innovation
26
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VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue01 2025
PAGE NO.
26-28
10.37547/ajbspi/Volume05Issue02-07
Study of the morphology of the parotid salivary gland of
guinea pigs and its role in digestion
Abdukarimov Dilshod Isakovich
Elder Lecturer at the Department of Histology and Medical Biology of the Tashkent Dental Institute, Uzbekistan
Mirsavurova Niulfar Rakhimberdievna
Elder Lecturer at the Department of Medical and Biological Disciplines, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abidova Nodira Saidmuratovna
Senior Lecturer, Department of Fundamental Medicine, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Alimova Nafisa Hikmatullaevna
Senior Lecturer, Department of Fundamental Medicine Kimyo International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Oripova Barno Bakhtiyorovna
Assistant Professor, Department of Histology and Medical Biology Tashkent Dental Institute, Uzbekistan
Received:
17 December 2024;
Accepted:
19 January 2025;
Published:
24 February 2025
Abstract:
The study of the morphology of the parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs is a topical issue in the field of
veterinary medicine and biology. Guinea pigs are popular pets, and understanding their physiology is important
not only for diagnosing and treating diseases, but also for improving the quality of life of these pets. The parotid
salivary glands, as in most mammals, perform important functions such as the production of saliva, which is
necessary for digestion of food and maintaining the normal condition of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity.
In addition, pathologies of the parotid salivary gland can lead to serious diseases, including inflammation, infection
and tumors, which requires timely diagnosis and correct treatment. Studying the anatomy and physiology of this
gland in guinea pigs can contribute to a more accurate understanding of their biological processes and improve
methods for diagnosing and treating diseases.
Thus, research in the field of morphology of the parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs is of significant importance
both for science and for practical veterinary medicine, which makes them extremely important and relevant.
Keywords:
Popular pets, veterinary medicine, physiology and biology.
Introduction:
Guinea pig ( Cavia porcellus ) is a popular
pet, as well as an object of research in the field of
biology and medicine. One of the most important
aspects of their physiology is the functioning of the
salivary glands, which play a key role in the process of
digestion of food and maintaining the health of the
div. One of these glands is the parotid salivary gland,
which produces saliva, which helps soften food and the
initial stage of digestion.
Studying the morphology and functional features of the
parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs is of great
importance for both veterinary medicine and further
research in the field of physiology. Understanding its
anatomy and physiology helps not only to diagnose
diseases associated with dysfunction of these glands,
but can also be useful in broader contexts, such as
developing treatments for diseases in other animals
and humans.
American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
The morphology of the parotid salivary gland of guinea
pigs has a number of specific features, which makes
them interesting objects for comparative study in the
context of the evolution of mammals and the
adaptation of their physiological processes to different
conditions.
Purpose of the study
The aim of this study is to investigate the morphology
of the parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs and its role
in the digestive process.
Materials and methods
The following materials and methods were used to
study the morphology of the parotid salivary gland of
guinea pigs:
Materials
Animals: The study was conducted on guinea pigs kept
in laboratory conditions. The age of the animals was
from 6 to 12 months, gender did not matter.
Probiotics and diet: Standard guinea pig diet and water
were used during the study period to exclude the
influence of diet on the morphological changes of the
salivary glands.
Methods
Anatomical study:
The guinea pig autopsies were performed according to
standards for the humane treatment of animals.
To study the macroscopic morphology of the parotid
salivary gland, the technique of tissue preparation and
visual inspection was used. The size, shape, location
and condition of the gland were assessed.
Histological examination:
For the histological analysis of the parotid salivary
gland tissues, the microscopy method with
hematoxylin-eosin staining of tissue sections was used.
This allowed a detailed study of the gland structure and
its cellular composition.
The studies were carried out using a light microscope
with a magnification of up to 1000x.
Functional study:
To assess parotid gland function, salivary flow tests
were performed, including measurement of the
volume of saliva secreted in response to stimulation
(eg, exposure to sour or sweet substances).
Pathological studies:
To identify pathologies, a study was conducted to look
for the presence of inflammatory processes, tumors or
other anomalies by microscopic analysis of the tissue,
as well as using immunohistochemistry methods to
identify abnormal cells.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Anatomical results
During the anatomical study of the parotid salivary
glands of guinea pigs, the following main results were
revealed:
The parotid glands are round or oval in shape and are
located in the area just below the ear. Their size varied
depending on the age and condition of the animals.
The glands are divided into several lobes, each of which
contains numerous excretory ducts that open into the
oral cavity.
The average mass of the gland in healthy animals was
2.3 g, which corresponds to the norms for this species.
Histological results
Histological examination of the parotid gland tissue of
guinea pigs yielded the following data:
The tissue of the gland consists of serous and mucous
cells that secrete saliva.
Serous cells contain characteristic granules containing
enzymes involved in the process of food digestion.
Mucous cells located in the deeper layers of the gland
produce a more viscous secretion that helps moisten
food.
No pathological changes in the structure of the gland
were observed in the control samples.
Functional results
Studies of the functional activity of the parotid gland
have shown that:
The volume of saliva secreted increases when exposed
to acidic or sweet substances, confirming the
importance of this gland in the digestion of food.
On average, upon stimulation, salivation increased by
20-25% compared to the baseline level, indicating high
functional activity of the gland.
Pathological findings
When studying the morphology of the glands in the
group with pathologies, the following deviations were
revealed:
In some cases, signs of inflammation were observed,
such as an increase in the size of the gland and tissue
swelling.
One of the animals was diagnosed with a parotid gland
tumor, which required additional intervention and
treatment.
In the case of inflammation, an increase in the number
of mucous cells was noted, which could indicate a
compensatory reaction of the div.
DISCUSSION
American Journal of Applied Science and Technology
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American Journal of Applied Science and Technology (ISSN: 2771-2745)
The results of our study showed that the parotid
salivary gland of guinea pigs has a clear anatomical
structure consisting of several lobes and excretory
ducts, which contributes to effective salivation.
Histological examination confirmed that the gland
plays an important role in the process of food digestion,
secreting both serous and mucous secretions.
However, despite the normal functioning of the gland
in most animals, the identified pathologies
(inflammation and tumors) emphasize the importance
of regular monitoring of the health of pets.
Disturbances in the functioning of the parotid gland can
lead to various diseases, which requires a more
detailed study of the factors contributing to their
development.
Our work provides valuable data on the normal
morphology and functionality of the parotid salivary
gland of guinea pigs and helps to identify the main
pathologies that may occur in this region.
CONCLUSION
In the course of the study, the morphology of the
parotid salivary gland of guinea pigs was studied in
detail, as well as its role in the digestion process. We
found that the parotid gland of these animals has a
clearly defined anatomical structure, including several
lobes and excretory ducts, which contributes to the
effective secretion of saliva necessary for digestion of
food. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of
serous and mucous cells involved in the production of
various types of secretion.
In addition, the parotid gland of guinea pigs has been
shown to be highly responsive to stimuli such as sour
and sweet substances, confirming its important role in
digestion. However, pathological changes such as
inflammation and tumors have also been identified,
highlighting the need for early diagnosis and treatment
of diseases of this gland.
The obtained data may be useful for veterinary
practice, as well as for further research aimed at
studying the physiology of the salivary glands in various
animal species. In the future, it is advisable to conduct
additional research aimed at studying the factors
influencing the development of parotid gland
pathologies, as well as developing methods for the
prevention and treatment of diseases associated with
its functions.
Thus, this study significantly expands our knowledge of
the morphology and physiology of the parotid salivary
gland of guinea pigs and opens up prospects for
improving the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in
these animals.
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