Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
131
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
131-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
ABSTRACT
The article talks about the expression of possessive and plural categories used in epic language through lexical-
semantic and grammatical means. Their lexical and methodological possibilities are revealed.
KEYWORDS
Possessive category, literary language, epic, text, vocative, plural category, epic hero, speech, oral speech, stylistic,
norm, past tense, morphological means.
INTRODUCTION
The possessive category in the text of the epic
"Zevarkhan" has the same indicators as its forms in the
Uzbek literary language, but differs in certain stylistic
aspects in its use. In particular, we observe that word
endings with vowels and consonants do not require a
separate referent before the possessive word. For
exampleОта, энам Бо
ғ
дод
элда
//
Ҳ
олимдан
бехабар
қ
олди
(
З
.:131);
Эна
сенга
о
қ
сут
берган // Интизор бўл
бунда
қ
олган
(
З
.:198);
Энаси
Зеварни
билиб
// -
Болам
,
-
деб
олдига
келиб
//
Шул
замон
ба
ғ
рига
босиб
...(
З
.:197);
Юракдан
кечириб
до
ғ
у
аламни
//
Бо
ғ
дод
элда
о
қ
сут
берган
энамни
(
З
.:157).
In the text of the epic, vocative forms formed by
possessive suffixes are used quite a lot, in which the
meanings of calling, appeal, and encouragement
prevail and indicate the second person. Linguists have
already pointed out that such a linguistic regularity also
exists in the current Uzbek literary language. If words
such as бегим, авлодим, сарвинозим, ойим,
Research Article
POSSESSIVE AND PLURAL CATEGORIES IN THE EPIC LANGUAGE
«ZEVARKHON»
Submission Date:
December 18, 2023,
Accepted Date:
December 23, 2023,
Published Date:
December 28, 2023
Crossref doi:
https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/Volume03Issue12-22
G.S.Qodirova
Jizzakh Academic Lyceum Of Mia At The Republic Of Uzbekistan, Uzbekistan
Journal
Website:
https://theusajournals.
com/index.php/ajps
Copyright:
Original
content from this work
may be used under the
terms of the creative
commons
attributes
4.0 licence.
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
132
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
131-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
булбулим, хотиним, мо
ҳ
итабоним
,
жоним
,
дармоним
,
мастоним
,
дилбарим
,
гав
ҳ
арим
,
ёрим
,
мадорим
,
шун
қ
орим
,
қ
иблаго
ҳ
им
,
болам
,
дийдам
,
хонзодам
,
санам
,
бўтам
in the text of the epic, the
initial can be observed to be used in its own sense. If a
possessive suffix is added to such words, we see that
the main goal of the epic hero (speaker) is expressed
through these additions, and the emotional-expressive
value of the speech is further increased. In such
linguistic cases, meanings such as address and respect
take priority in the text rather than the possessive
suffix. In order to substantiate our observations, we
will pay attention to the following examples taken
from the text: Мусофирмиз, бегим, ша
ҳ
ри
Шамшодда // Бундайин ётмагин сен
ҳ
ам
ғ
афлатда
(
З
.:152);
Юрардим
ҳ
ар
ё
ққ
а
остимда
отим
,
Бо
ғ
доднинг
ша
ҳ
рида
қ
олди
авлодим
(
З
.:136);
Қ
уло
қ
солинг
менинг
арзима
//
Жавоб
беринг
,
қ
иблаго
ҳ
им
,
кетарман
! (
З
.:124);
Ул
ва
қ
тда
менга
йўли
ққ
ан
ёрим
//
Кўриб
қ
олмади
-
ку
сабри
қ
арорим
//
Қ
ани
қ
ўлда
бўлса
ул
ихтиёрим
//
Излаб
кепти
шундай
лочин
шун
қ
орим
! (
З
.:155). Words such as
матнлардаги
бегим
,
авлодим
,
қ
иблаго
ҳ
им
,
ёрим
,
шун
қ
орим
in
these texts taken as a sample are formed in the form
[ot+ek], and in them the vocative meaning respect,
appeal, etc.
In the text of the "Zevarkhon" epic, the possessive
categories -i, -si, as well as -niki, which is considered an
abstract possessive suffix, are used quite actively. This
situation is considered a linguistic norm (law) specific
to the Uzbek literary language. Let's pay attention to
the examples: матнлардаги бегим, авлодим,
қ
иблаго
ҳ
им
,
ёрим
,
шун
қ
орим
In some of the examples given as examples, the initial
-si and -i have been so absorbed into the stem that, as
a result, the meaning of reinforcement-emphasis
prevailed. In our linguistics, it has been proven that the
use of the form (-
и) + (
-
си) is connected with two
different
phenomena
(expressive-stylistic
and
lexicological). In this case, the form (-
и) + (
-
си) served
to strengthen the meaning. This situation is considered
a linguistic feature specific to dialects and the language
of epics. In addition to these, in the epic, when the
form of the suffix -niki, which expresses the meaning
of abstract ownership, is added to nouns and
pronouns, the meaning of emphasis is also noticeable
(for exampleдушманники, дўстники, фа
қ
ирники
). We
pay attention to the following examples in the text of
the epic:
Пошшонинг
қ
аноти
—
қ
ушин
олибсан
, //
Ту
ҳ
мат
қ
илиб
меники
деб
турибсан
(
З
.:138);
Ўз
оё
ғ
и
билан жонон етишди, // Биз талаш
қ
илмаймиз
,
бўлди
сеники
! (
З
.:165);
Бари
,
энди
сеники
бўлди
,
биз
ҳ
еч
нима
деёлмаймиз
... (
З
.:166).
So, the possessive suffixes used in the language of the
"Zevarkhon" epic are close to the possessive forms in
our literary language. But the various functional-
stylistic situations created in the speech of the epic
hero of the epic cause a slight expansion of the
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
133
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
131-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
semantic meaning of the lexical units and other
meanings of the possessive suffix itself.
The plural category is expressed in the epic language
by the following lexical-semantic tools:
1.
The plural is formed by the addition of
–лар
and is often added to nouns, pronouns and predicates:
Ҳ
ой
,
амалдорлар
,
хизматкорлар
,
кўчада
юрган
қ
анча
чоллар
,
бир
неча
кампирлар
ҳ
ам
табибнинг
сувидан олиб, ёш бўламиз деб, ёш бўлиб олди
(З.:149); Буларнинг яхши этикларини кийиб,
тўнларини, жиякли саллаларини ўраб, эркак
суратида бўлиб, туясини миниб кетиб
қ
опти
(
З
.:166)
каби
.
2.
The plural is expressed with the help of noun-
forming suffixes such as
–дош,
-
зор: Дарахтлар
мевазор, гуллар очилиб, булбуллар бир
-
бирига ча
қ
-
ча
қ
учириб
,
тўти
,
майналар
сайраб
,
қ
ушлар
ҳ
ар
турли
о
ҳ
анг
қ
илиб
турибди
(
З
.:132);
Ҳ
асан
эшит
,
менинг
айтган
сўзимни
, //
Сенга
йўлдош
қ
илдим
Зевар
қ
ўзимни
(
З
.:125).
3. The plural form of verbs is formed using the suffix
–
лар representing the number category (for example,
изланглар,
қ
илманглар
etc. are included in this
sentence).
4. Present tense forms such as
–миз,
-
сиз,
-
дилар, as
well as past tense forms such as -
к,
-
ингиз,
-
дилар
serve
to express the plural when added to verbs (for
example, келамиз (З.:140), биламиз (З.:140),
қ
иламиз
(
З
.:137),
ўлдирамиз
(
З
.:183),
тузатамиз
(
З
.:170),
кетамиз
(
З
.:158),
топасиз
(
З
.:143),
ўласиз
(
З
.:143),
кўрибсиз
(
З
.:193),
бо
қ
ибсиз
(
З
.:126),
кетдилар
(З.:194), бордилар (З.:140), бердилар (З.:126),
келдилар (З.:191), шунингдек, борсангиз (З.:147),
берсангиз (З.:124),
қ
илмасангиз
(
З
.:143),
солдингиз
(
З
.:197)
5. The plural is formed with the presence of relative
adverbs such as
–ш,
-
иш (for example, they
hit, they hit,
they did).
In Dostan language, the plural category is expressed by
the following morphological means:
a) plural meaning is expressed in the root of the word
itself through noun phrases. (For example, авлод,
ҳ
а
қ
,
халойи
қ
,
фу
қ
аро
,
сел
,
жуфт
,
пода, etc. are singular in
form, but in the text of the epic, they express the
meaning of plural, collective).
b) by means of words specific to the word group of
adjectives (including адо
қ
сиз
,
сероб
,
бехад
,
гўзал
,
etc.).
c) through pronouns: (биз, сиз,
ҳ
амма, жами, барча,
неча,
қ
анча
, etc.).
d) through numbers: (such туман лак, олтов, иккам
тў
қ
сон
).
e) through adverbs: (бе
ҳ
исоб
,
кўп
,
анча
,
бисёр
).
Volume 03 Issue 12-2023
134
American Journal Of Philological Sciences
(ISSN
–
2771-2273)
VOLUME
03
ISSUE
12
P
AGES
:
131-134
SJIF
I
MPACT
FACTOR
(2022:
5.
445
)
(2023:
6.
555
)
OCLC
–
1121105677
Publisher:
Oscar Publishing Services
Servi
f) through repeated and paired words: (кеча
-
кундуз,
бола
-
ча
қ
а
,
даста
-
даста
,
катта
-
кичик
,
узун
-
я
қ
ин
,
хотин
-
халаж
).
So, in the language of the "Zevarkhan" epic that we
studied, the plural category is expressed through
lexical-semantic and grammatical means. Some of
these tools are not only plural, but also bring out
meanings such as "several", "plural + similar", "plural +
total", "plural + approximate + guess" in the speech
process. This linguistic situation testifies to the
functioning of plural categories as a methodological
tool, and also to the wide range of lexical and
methodological possibilities. In due course, we would
like to emphasize that: in our linguistics, in the
researches devoted to the language of folk epics, we
have hardly encountered comments on the plural
category. Our linguistic observations found in the
"Zevarkhon" epic can be called a preliminary attempt.
REFERENCES
1.
Зевархон // Ба
ҳ
ром
ва
Гуландом
.
–
Тошкент
:
Ғ
.
Ғ
улом
номидаги
Адабиёт
ва
санъат
нашриёти
, 1986.
2.
Ма
ҳ
мудов
Н
.
Семантико
-
синтаксическая
ассиметрия
в
простом
предложении
узбекского
языка
:
Дисс
.
д
-
ра
филол
.
наук
.
–
Ташкент
, 1984.
–
С.259.
3.
Ра
ҳ
матуллаев
Ш
.
Ўзбек
тилида
феъл
фраземаларининг
бо
ғ
лашуви
.
–
Тошкент
:
Университет
, 1992.
–
Б
. 126.
