Том 5 № 03 (2025): Volume 05 Issue 03

This study explores the role of cultural codes in linguistic semiotics, focusing on their representation in Uzbek and Slavic phraseological units. Phraseological expressions, including idioms, proverbs, and metaphors, serve as linguistic vehicles for national identity, historical consciousness, and collective memory. Drawing from semiotic theories by Ferdinand de Saussure, Umberto Eco, and Yuri Lotman, this research investigates how phraseology encodes socio-cultural knowledge. Using a comparative linguistic-semiotic approach, this study categorizes phraseological expressions based on D. Chandler’s and V.V. Krasnix’s typologies of cultural codes.

Findings reveal that while certain cultural codes—such as somatic, spatial, and temporal codes—are universal, many idioms remain culturally specific, shaped by historical, religious, and social traditions. Additionally, digital media and globalization have transformed the semantic structures of phraseological expressions, leading to code-switching, hybrid expressions, and memetic reinterpretations. This study contributes to semiotic modeling, intercultural communication, and cognitive linguistics by demonstrating how phraseology serves as a bridge between language and cultural identity.

This article explores significant trends influencing contemporary social media conversations. It also investigates their impact on language in general and endeavors to predict future linguistic developments. This encompasses potential benefits and drawbacks of social media language on literacy, grammar, and aesthetic language features.

This article examines the semantic transformations observed in Arabic loanwords integrated into the modern Uzbek literary language. While a significant portion of the Uzbek lexicon originates from Arabic, the borrowed terms often diverge from their original meanings, either expanding, narrowing, or in some cases, acquiring entirely different connotations. By exploring examples such as lahm, basir, kun fayakun, kasofat, qavm, jāhil, zamir, and others, this study highlights the dynamic processes of linguistic adaptation and semantic change in Uzbek.

Bilingualism is becoming increasingly important in education as a means of enhancing cognitive abilities, ensuring cultural harmony, and expanding global communication. This article analyzes strategies for supporting bilingualism in education and recommends effective methods. Key aspects such as government policies, curricula, teacher training, and parental involvement are highlighted. The research findings justify the benefits of bilingual education and propose practical approaches to help students master two languages deeply.

The theme examines the role of national corpora as vital resources for linguistic research and language policy. These large collections of texts reflect the diversity and dynamism of a nation’s language, capturing various forms of communication across different contexts. Recent advancements have enhanced the compilation and analysis of national corpora, incorporating digital technologies and a wider range of text types, including spoken and informal language. This development has led to increased collaboration among researchers globally, fostering a better understanding of linguistic variation and change. National corpora are crucial for applications in language education, computational linguistics, and sociolinguistics, providing data that inform teaching practices and natural language processing tools. Looking ahead, the field faces challenges such as ensuring inclusive representation of languages and dialects while embracing new technologies. Overall, national corpora serve as a cornerstone for understanding language in its cultural and social contexts.

Education and upbringing are central themes in literature, reflecting cultural, linguistic, and cognitive perspectives on personal development. This article explores how “The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie” by Muriel Spark and “Shum Bola” by G‘afur G‘ulom depict the concept through a linguacultural and cognitive lens. A contrastive analysis reveals that Miss Jean Brodie presents education as an ideological and elitist tool, emphasizing teacher authority, while Shum Bola portrays education as a practical, experience-based process rooted in communal learning. Cognitive framing in the novels highlights differing metaphors of knowledge acquisition - indoctrination versus self-discovery. Linguistically, Miss Jean Brodie employs irony and formal rhetoric, whereas Shum Bola incorporates humour and oral storytelling traditions. The findings contribute to cross-cultural studies of education in literature, demonstrating how historical and societal contexts shape educational ideologies in fiction.

This article examines the category of politeness in the Korean language as a unique linguistic and cultural phenomenon that reflects Confucian traditions, social values, and hierarchical relations characteristic of Korean society. The main focus is on the analysis of the main levels of speech etiquette, such as formal-polite, informal-polite, and informal speech, as well as the grammatical and lexical means that provide their expression.

The article describes in detail the use of formal and informal grammatical endings, honorific verbs, polite nouns and pronouns, and special expressions to indicate respect. The features of the use of the suffix (으)시, honorific forms of verbs and nouns, as well as the nuances of choosing speech levels depending on social status, age, and context of communication are revealed.

This article examines the peculiarities of regional image formation and its establishment on a global scale. Special attention is paid to the penetration of the image-making sphere into the media space of Uzbekistan and the specifics of this direction. The image at the regional level, in particular, the unique conditions and climate of the Khorezm region, is also highlighted.

Tension plays a vital role in enriching a novel or story by being a fundamental element that keeps the reader engaged. No literary work is without tension, as it is the driving force that maintains interest and compels the reader to continue the narrative. It is the thing thing that keeps you interested in to the story and makes you to read the literary work till the end. To be more precise, tension is the heartbeat of a story — it pulls you in and keeps you turning the pages.

This article delves into the intriguing realm of food-related idioms in both Uzbek and English. Through a comparative analysis of these expressions, we can learn more about the linguistic, cultural, and historical influences that mould language and communication. Even though many food-related idioms have metaphorical meanings and common themes, the particular foods that are utilised and their accompanying implications frequently represent the distinct cultural backgrounds of each language. This investigation shows how language, culture, and history interact to shape our use of idioms in self-expression.

In literary works, the word misli serves as an auxiliary and helps form syntactic structures by appearing before open-structured coordinated pieces. Similar to the Uzbek auxiliaries kabi (as) and singari (like), the auxiliary construction can occur at the conclusion of the phrase or just after the sentence element it syntactically interacts with. The sentence's syntactic structure is complicated by this auxiliary construction.

This article explores the role of verbs of speech activity in language teaching, focusing on methodological approaches for English and Uzbek languages. Verbs of speech activity, such as "speak," "say," "tell," "ask," etc., play a pivotal role in forming meaningful communication, as they mediate the transmission of messages, convey speech acts, and influence the interpretation of discourse. This study analyzes various teaching methodologies, compares differences and similarities between the two languages, and offers pedagogical strategies for effectively integrating verbs of speech activity into language instruction.

This article aims to explore the morphological aspects of Internet language. It examines how various morphological strategies—such as abbreviations, blends, compounding, clipping, and reduplication are used to form words and phrases in digital communication. The study also investigates the impact of these linguistic processes on online discourse, efficiency in communication, and cultural identity. Additionally, the article highlights how Internet language is evolving into a unique linguistic style, blending written and visual elements like emojis and symbols to enhance expression.

This article offers a comparative analysis of language use in Uzbek and English mass media, specifically examining newspaper articles and online news. By employing both quantitative and qualitative research methods, the study investigates how linguistic features such as syntax, lexical choice, and rhetorical structures differ in Uzbek and English news discourse. The research focuses on the ways in which cultural and societal norms shape the presentation of information, the frequency of borrowed terms, and the general stylistic differences that arise when conveying similar content. It was found that Uzbek mass media, influenced by a rich cultural heritage and recent linguistic reforms, rely on more culturally embedded phrases, while English mass media demonstrate frequent use of modern jargon and direct expression of opinions. These differences in language use reflect each society’s broader ideologies regarding news sharing and public discourse, ultimately providing deeper insight into how journalists and news agencies communicate with their audiences.

This article discusses the issues of forming a database of phraseological units based on the Uzbek language corpus. A linguistic database is a structured collection of information that stores words, phrases, grammatical forms, idioms and other linguistic elements, and is used in lexicography to create dictionaries and reference books, in natural language processing to support technologies related to automatic translation, speech recognition and text generation, in linguistic research to analyze the structure of the language, the change and use of language units, and in language education to create educational materials and tools for language learning.

The given article touches upon the issues of synonymy and variants of phraseological united under the component “Clothing” in English, Russian and Uzbek languages. In distinguishing between the terms of synonymy and variants it has been approached to the views of different scholars. The equivalence of phraseological units has also been considered.

This article examines the social and political developments shaping the status and advancement of the Uzbek language in the context of the nation’s independence. Special emphasis is placed on how independence, recognized as a significant macro-social factor, has broadened the language’s social functions, elevated its legal standing as the state language, and influenced its enrichment at the lexical and functional levels. The analysis also highlights sociolinguistic research on the formation of specialized lexicons and the role of external sources, such as mass media, in consolidating and expanding Uzbek as a literary and communicative medium.

Navoi’s creativity deserves great attention in the world of literature. His skillful use of artistic tools, use of Turkish, Arabic and Persian language expressions, description of events, and at the same time, his approach to the divine theme with a delicate taste, were clearly demonstrated on a wide scale. At the same time, he fights for the truth against injustice and superstition, he closely connects the hard life of the working people, traditions, and the courage of the heroes of the people through one work.

This article analyzes the structure, semantic and functional features of multi-component mixed compound sentences in the modern Karakalpak language. Multi-component compound sentences consist of several simple or complex sentences connected by various grammatical means. The article examines the classification of such sentences, their methods of semantic and syntactic connection, as well as their functions in speech. Also, in order to determine the logical and communicative role of mixed compound sentences, their causal, conditional, purposeful, comparative, and other semantic relations are analyzed.

This article explores the literary tradition that developed on the basis of Manichaean teachings, tracing its evolution and cultural significance. It highlights how Manichaean-inspired poetry, while deeply rooted in early Turkic literature, transcended regional boundaries and became a notable part of ancient world literature. The study also examines the perspectives of the renowned scholar Al-Biruni on Manichaeism, emphasizing the credibility and depth of his insights. Through this analysis, the article sheds light on the spiritual, cultural, and historical impact of Manichaean literature across diverse civilizations.

The personality and statesmanship of Alisher Navoi have always been studied alongside his creative potential. The poet’s own works serve as the primary source for understanding his mature character. This article explores the image of the poet based on the “Khamsa” collection. Special attention is given to the fakhria (self-praise) passages within the poems.

The article discusses the philosophical foundations of modernist literature, particularly existentialism, individualism, and the theory of the absurd. It primarily focuses on Albert Camus’ works, analyzing his views on individualism, absurd philosophy, and the meaninglessness of human life.

The article deeply examines aspects of modernism related to social alienation and the spiritual crisis of individuals in society. The philosophy of the absurd is explained based on the ideas of Camus and Sartre, emphasizing that the essence of human life is shaped through personal choices. Camus defines the absurd as the contradiction between a person’s desire to find meaning in life and the indifference of the universe.

“The Stranger” is analyzed as a novel where the protagonist, Meursault, exhibits indifference to life and refuses to conform to societal norms. Similarly, “The Myth of Sisyphus” is interpreted as a symbol of the absurd man. “The Plague” and “The Rebel” are discussed in terms of human rebellion against an absurd world.

The article explores the essence of Camus' philosophy, examining his literary legacy and his perspectives on the absurd nature of human existence.

This article examines detective fiction as a structured literary genre characterized by logical reasoning, mystery, and deduction. It explores the evolution of detective fiction from its origins in the works of Poe and Doyle to its modern developments, highlighting key narrative strategies, cognitive principles, and discourse structures. The study also considers the role of gender, power dynamics, and the cognitive mechanisms underlying detective storytelling, referencing both Western and Uzbek detective literature.

This article provides an analysis of the scientific-fantasy novella "A Day in the Galaxy" by one of the prominent creators of Uzbek children's literature, Sa’dulla Quronov. The article discusses the unique qualities of the main character, the life and lifestyle of the peoples of other planets, the chain of adventurous events during the hero's journey through the universe, the use of fantastic imagery, and how the author skillfully incorporates scientific facts, artisticizing them through literary expression. Additionally, the article presents our analytical conclusions regarding the work.

This article focuses on identifying students' existing digital competencies. A survey was conducted as the research method. The obtained results were analyzed to examine students' digital skills, their application in professional activities, and their effectiveness. The analysis results are aimed at developing practical recommendations for enhancing students' digital competencies.

The article describes gender stereotypes embedded in phraseological units, analyzing their role in shaping societal perceptions of gender roles. Phraseological units, as integral components of language, reflect cultural values and social norms, often reinforcing traditional gender roles and expectations. The article examines how these linguistic expressions contribute to the perpetuation of gender-based stereotypes and investigates potential shifts in their usage over time. By employing a comparative and semantic analysis of phraseological units in different languages, this study highlights the linguistic mechanisms through which gender biases are maintained. The study contribute to a deeper understanding of the intersection between language and gender perception, offering insights for linguistic studies, gender research, and discourse analysis.

In an increasingly globalized world, digital communication transcends linguistic boundaries, creating new challenges for forensic linguistics. Forensic linguistics, the study of language applied to legal and criminal contexts, plays a vital role in authorship attribution, deception detection, and threat analysis. However, the rise of multilingual communication poses unique obstacles in accurately identifying authorship and detecting deception. This research explores how multilingualism affects forensic linguistic methods, focusing on authorship attribution and deception detection in digital communication.

This article examines poetic imagery. In the course of our research, we analyze certain images in the works of Abduvali Qutbiddin, discussing the inner and outer meanings underlying these images. Additionally, we present analyses based on poetic examples regarding the types of images according to the relationship between their expressive and descriptive aspects.

This article investigates two central literary motifs—hope and loneliness—in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea. Through close reading and comparative analysis of key narrative passages, the study examines how these themes illuminate the inner lives of the characters while reflecting broader existential challenges. The novel employs vivid natural imagery and symbolic representations to portray hope as a sustaining force amid relentless struggle and loneliness as an active, multifaceted confrontation with isolation. Drawing on theoretical perspectives from existential philosophy, psychoanalytic criticism, and cultural studies, the article demonstrates that the interplay between hope and loneliness is not simply a reflection of individual emotional states but also a critical commentary on societal norms and cultural constraints. The findings suggest that The Old Man and the Sea offers a richly complex narrative in which the desire for connection and meaning persists despite pervasive isolation, thereby encouraging further interdisciplinary inquiry into the dynamic tension between aspiration and despair.

This article examines the symbolic significance of the sea, the fish, and the stone in Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea as representations of absurdity in human existence. By analyzing these elements as interrelated symbols, the study explores how they reflect the existential dilemmas faced by the protagonist and, by extension, humanity at large. The sea is portrayed not only as a vast, indifferent force of nature but also as a mirror of life’s unpredictability and futility. The fish, representing both a worthy adversary and a symbol of elusive glory, embodies the struggle against an indifferent universe. The stone, an often-overlooked motif, emerges as a stark reminder of the unyielding permanence of nature and the inevitable decay that underlies human endeavors. Drawing on a multidisciplinary theoretical framework that incorporates elements of absurdism, psychoanalytic theory, and cultural criticism, the analysis elucidates the dialectical tensions between individual aspirations and the inexorable forces of nature. The findings suggest that Hemingway’s use of these symbols articulates a profound critique of idealistic pursuits and highlights the paradoxical interplay between hope and futility in the modern human condition.

This article examines the psychological motives underlying the tragedy of suicide in both Uzbek and English literature, with a particular focus on the theme of "escaping from shame." By conducting a comparative analysis of key literary works from both traditions, the study investigates how characters grapple with internal conflicts, experience overwhelming shame, and ultimately resort to self-destructive behaviors. Employing a multifaceted methodological approach—including narrative analysis, psychoanalytic theory, and cultural criticism—the research identifies common and divergent thematic elements that reveal the complex interplay between individual psychological distress and socio-cultural expectations. The findings indicate that the motif of escaping from shame not only serves as a catalyst for personal suffering but also functions as a critical commentary on the oppressive norms and values imposed by society. These insights offer a deeper understanding of the cultural dimensions of self-destruction and pave the way for further research in comparative literature and cultural studies.

Its primary scope was to evaluate the impact of micro learning on students in higher education. The sample was composed of first year BA students and a post-test control group design was applied to determine the effectiveness of a micro learning module. The findings showed that micro learning had a positive correlation with learning performance outcomes as well as with the participants’ perceptions about the module. Additionally, the participants from the micro learning group performed better than those in the control group by a significant margin. It can be concluded that engagement and learning performance can be improved by micro learning. The study does have some constraints, and additional research will be undertaken in order to fully understand how best to design and implement micro learning modules. These findings endorse the notion that micro learning can serve as an effective instructional design tool in higher education.

This study explores the historical development of personal names in English and Uzbek, focusing on how naming conventions have evolved through different historical periods. The research highlights the impact of major historical events, religious transitions, and cultural exchanges on name formation and usage. By analyzing personal names from ancient times to the modern era, this study provides insight into the dynamic relationship between language, identity, and history in both linguistic traditions.

This article is devoted to the structural and semantic analysis of transport logistics terminology in English and Uzbek by applying a contrastive linguistics approach. The study concentrates on how morphological and semantic features of specialized terms are formed and used in both languages. The analysis was conducted on data collected from logistics textbooks, industry documents, and corpora in English and Uzbek. Furthermore, morphological, semantic field and statistical analyses were employed to investigate the structural and semantic patterns of these terms. Having carried out the research, the following findings were revealed: (1) English transport logistics terminology relies heavily on compounding and borrowing, while Uzbek terminology makes use of agglutination and native word formation. (2) Semantic analysis showed that English terms tend to be more abstract, whereas Uzbek terms are more specific and descriptive, often reflecting culturally specific practices. (3) The study also revealed that understanding these linguistic differences can enhance cross-cultural communication and translation accuracy in the logistics industry. Lastly, the statistical analysis found out that compounding and borrowing are the most frequent morphological processes in English, while agglutination dominates in Uzbek.

Globalization and the rapid development of technology are having a major impact on the logistics industry. These changes are fundamentally changing not only logistics processes, but also its terminology. Below is an analysis of how logistics terminology has changed and developed under the influence of globalization and technology. Globalization has expanded the logistics industry and brought it to an international scale. This process has also led to the internationalization of logistics terminology.

This article is dedicated to an in-depth study of the effect of temperature on the species Spermophilus Pygmaeus in the field of rodentology. Existing studies show that temperature has a great influence on the number of small ground squirrels, their life activity, nest drying, and the development of young ground squirrels. This requires better study of the species and demonstration of new approaches based on ecological research. In studies conducted in the southern regions of Uzbekistan in 2023, a systematic analysis was conducted of how the nests, colonies, and population dynamics of these species changed depending on the temperature. To support scientific achievements in the field of rodents, it is necessary to develop new methods and test them in practice. Moreover, these studies demonstrate the importance of preserving the biodiversity of rodents and ensuring the sustainability of ecosystems.

This article explores the role of fairy tales in imparting educational and moral lessons. In particular, it emphasizes the harmony between a character’s inner world and outer appearance, which contributes to their personal development and moral transformation. Through fairy tales, young generations are taught values such as kindness, honesty, love, and righteousness, while also learning the importance of the alignment between inner qualities and external looks. Examples from fairy tales highlight the educational significance of this concept.

This article studies the phenomenon of the father image, the understanding of the father phenomenon in the mind, its representation as an image in the oldest sources. The period from the oldest sources to the prose of Uzbek literature of the 20th century is also covered.

Background: Classical Greek and Latin literature laid the foundations for much of Western literary tradition, with a diverse array of genres ranging from epic poetry to philosophy. Understanding the variety and function of literary genres in these ancient texts is essential to grasping their enduring influence. This study examines the major literary genres in Greek and Latin literature, including epic, tragedy, comedy, lyric poetry, and philosophical works, analyzing their structures, themes, and historical contexts.

Methods: A comprehensive review of key texts from ancient Greek and Latin authors was conducted, focusing on works from Homer, Sophocles, Virgil, Ovid, and Cicero, among others. Each genre was explored through a close reading of representative works, supported by secondary literature that contextualizes these works within their respective periods.

Results: The study identifies key characteristics of major literary genres in classical literature, highlighting the evolution of these genres in response to political, social, and cultural changes in ancient Greece and Rome. Epic poetry, particularly the works of Homer and Virgil, is noted for its heroic themes and elaborate narrative structures. Tragedy and comedy, exemplified by Sophocles and Aristophanes, reflect the tension between individual destiny and societal norms. Lyric poetry and philosophical works provide insights into personal expression and intellectual exploration.

Conclusion: Classical Greek and Latin literature’s diverse genres offer a rich understanding of ancient society and thought. The study underscores the ongoing influence of these genres on subsequent literary traditions and their relevance to contemporary literary studies.

This paper investigates the notion of cultural elements in language and their importance in translation. It examines various translation strategies for handling culturally specific terms, considering different scholarly viewpoints. The study categorizes cultural elements into proper nouns, culturally specific terms, socially specific terms, and idiomatic expressions, offering systematic approaches for their translation. The findings contribute to amplifying sociocultural competence in translation and language education, particularly in Korean-to-Uzbek translation. By integrating these strategies into language education, learners can enhance their translation skills and deepen their understanding of cultural nuances.

This article discusses the views of an American scholar who studied "Funun ul-Balogha" by Sheikh Ahmad Tarazi, the first Turkish treatise on poetics in the history of literary studies, created during the Timurid era, and its only existing manuscript copy.

The article discusses the issue of adapting legal language to international standards. The implementation of the adaptation of legal language to international standards is scientifically described based on the structure of the sentences used and the entire text, as well as the content of the text.

This article analyzes the process of retelling and stating the text in a complete or Close way. The main purpose of this methodology is to represent the content of the text in a different form, while keeping it in full. Retelling and statement techniques shape the skills of in-depth analysis of a text, understanding its logical composition, and extracting key ideas. This process serves to develop students ' communication skills, increase speech richness, and improve linguistic skills. The work provides recommendations on the importance and practical application of this method, as well as on the effective organization of the process. The methods of working with the text, the techniques used and the benefits of using them in the educational process are covered in detail. The work provides recommendations and sample texts on the practical application of this methodology.

The article analyzes the editorial and journalistic activities of the founder of the Tashkent Jadid school, editor, publisher, publicist and public figure Munavvar qori Abdurashidkhanov in the first national publications "Tarakkiy" and "Khurshid". It presents the progressive views of the great enlightener that the fate of the nation is decided by education and the upbringing of children, based on the study of original sources and articles.

This article focuses on the problems of Uzbek linguistics, in particular, on the eqonymic and eqonymic, hyperonymic and hyperonymic, hyponymic and hyponymic relations inherent in the system of language levels and their units, and their application in the system of Uzbek linguistic terminology. The terms eqonym and eqonymy are relatively new lexical units in the system of linguistic terms. Therefore, this term is not recorded in current scientific and lexicographical sources on linguistics. The linguistic concept expressed by the terms eqonym and eqonymy, although it is “similar” to the linguistic concepts named by the terms polysemy, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, has not yet been officially widely popularized in linguistics, especially in Uzbek linguistics. Linguistic terms serve as illustrative material for the article. The purpose of the study is to analyze eqonymic relations in the dictionaries of Uzbek linguistics The aim of this work is to study the specific features of economic relations in the system of terms based on the In order to achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were set: to analyze the literature in order to clarify the relationship between words and terms, to critically respond to existing theories; to clarify the relationship between words and terms; to clarify the equonymic relationship in the linguistic terminology of the Uzbek language. The following scientific analysis methods were used in the study: linguistic description, system, statistical, contextual analysis methods. The method of linguistic analysis was used in the analysis of scientific literature on the topic of the study. The method of system analysis was used to clarify the relationship between equonyms and terms. The results of the study will help to organize terms and interpret meanings based on the analysis of equonymic relationships in the terminological system and to include them in the general dictionary.

The article describes the concept of local technologies, the classification and definition of local technologies, and how to use local technologies in geography lessons.