American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
16
https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajsshr
VOLUME
Vol.05 Issue07 2025
PAGE NO.
16-17
10.37547/ajsshr/Volume05Issue07-04
24
Two Types of Allusion in The Description of a Single
Symbo
Odamboyeva Mohichehra
2nd year student, Faculty of Philology, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Beruni, Uzbekistan
Received:
12 May 2025;
Accepted:
08 June 2025;
Published:
10 July 2025
Abstract:
This scientific article discusses the verses describing Khosrow Dehlavi found in the sixth chapter of the
poem "Farhod and Shirin", which occupies a significant p
art of Alisher Navoi’s creative legacy. Special emphasis is
placed on the literary device talmeh, which serves as an important tool in revealing the meaning and essence of
these verses. In order to clarify philosophical and social issues and to delve deeper into the discussed topic, the
poet skillfully refers to historical figures and legendary birds.
Keywords:
Navoi’s poems, talmeh, lyrical hero, Khidr, Qaqnus, Chashmai Hayvon
.
Introduction:
In Alisher Navoi's oeuvre, each work
holds a significant place, each considered a unique
gem. To truly appreciate and enjoy them, one must be
able to comprehend and reflect upon them.
Understanding the allusions (talmeh) that the writer
employed, or rather, referred to, greatly facilitates the
proper grasp of the virtues characteristic of Navoi's
heroes or, conversely, the flaws in some of their
characters. "Talmeh is the art of alluding to famous
historical events, legends, literary works, or proverbs in
poetry or prose" [3. 41]. Grasping the essence of this
literary device, described as "looking back to the past,"
encourages us to align ourselves with history, become
intimately familiar with the lives of past saints and
sages, and acquire sufficient knowledge about
historical
dates,
sacred
places,
and
great
personalities.The artist effectively utilized this art in
each of his works. In doing so, he demonstrated the
depth of his secular and religious knowledge. He
thoroughly studied all aspects of the life of each
historical figure he addressed. He skillfully used various
elements of these allusions to illuminate the "self" of
his characters. In the epic "Farhod and Shirin" alone,
Navoi employed numerous allusions. This list includes
prophets, historical figures, and even mythical birds.
METHOD
We know that the initial chapters of the epic began
with traditional praises and na'ts. Separate chapters
were also dedicated to the description of Husayn
Bayqara. Navoi also expressed his attitude towards his
predecessors, Nizami and Khusraw Dehlavi. In the sixth
chapter of the epic, while reflecting on these two
historical figures, he likens Khusraw Dehlavi to Khidr.
Khizr is mentioned in Navoi's work "History of Prophets
and Sages." Some have called him a prophet, while
others refer to him as a saint. Khizr is the possessor of
mysterious miraculous powers who found the "Water
of Life" (Obi hayvon) and, having drunk from it, remains
eternally alive. In literature, Khizr is depicted as
appearing from the unseen realm to assist saints and
lost travelers. Khizr is considered a symbol of greenery
and perception. [1. 764]
Bo‘yig‘a nazm solg‘on hulla axzar,
Dema to‘ti, degil Xizriy payambar.
Aning zulmoti Hindustoniy oxir,
Ravon so‘z chashmai hayvoniy oxir.
Several metaphors are employed here. The poet
compares Khusrav Dehlavi to the prophet Khizr, and
India to a dark night. This alludes to the dark
complexion of the people and to Khizr finding the
spring of life in darkness. The writer's beautiful poetry
is likened to this "spring of life" discovered by Khizr. The
American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research
17
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American Journal Of Social Sciences And Humanity Research (ISSN: 2771-2141)
"chashmai hayvon" (fountain of life) mentioned in the
verse refers to a spring from which the water of life
flows. There are also legends among the people that
Khizr found this spring in the land of darkness.
As mentioned earlier, Navoi also used mythical birds as
talmeh (allusions) in his works. In this work we are
discussing, the talmeh of the Phoenix is also employed.
Navoi compares Dehlavi to the Phoenix, and the
musicality in his poetry and its heart-touching
melancholy to the singing of the Phoenix.
Phoenix - a mythical bird. It has many holes in its beak,
from which mournful sounds emanate, creating music.
In the epic poem "Lison ut-tayr," Navoi gives a beautiful
description of the Phoenix. According to him, the
Phoenix lives in India, nesting on the tops of tall trees.
Throughout its life, this bird gathers hay and twigs,
amassing a large pile. At the end of its life, it sings a
melancholic melody atop this pile. Birds and animals in
the forest gather to hear its enchanting tune. Finally,
the Phoenix lets out such a painful lament that it ignites
the pile, and the bird itself burns in that fire. From
under the ashes of the pile, a new Phoenix chick
emerges, spreads its feathers, and slowly takes flight,
eventually taking up the same task as its father -
gathering hay and twigs.
Dema bulbul, de oni Qaqnusi zor,
Topib lahnidin oning Qaqnus ozor.
Agar Qaqnus chekib yuz nola jon so‘z,
In the previous verses, Navoi compared Khusrav
Dehlavi to a nightingale, but in this verse, he deviates
from his earlier perspective and shifts to the metaphor
of the Phoenix. By doing so, the writer presents a
convincing allusion as evidence that his poetry
possesses such powerful rhythm, musicality, and
captivating charm that it enthralls the heart.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we should note that Navoi skillfully
utilized not only human life experiences but also other
allusions as tools to fully reveal his symbols. Khusrav
Dehlavi himself is likened to Khidr, who found a spring
in the depths of the dark night, and in the same context,
he is compared to the Phoenix, who spent its entire life
gathering twigs and straws, preparing a huge pile, and
spreading a pleasant melody over it.
REFERENCES
Alisher Navoiy. Farhod va Shirin. -
Toshkent: G‘afur
G‘ulom nomidagi adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti, 2012 .
Alisher Navoiy. Qo
musiy lug‘at. –T.: “Sharq”, 2016.
Alisher Navoiy. Tarixi anbiyo va hukamo. -Toshkent:
G‘afur G‘ulom nomidagi adabiyot va san’at nashriyoti,
2012.
Hojiahmedov A. Mumtoz badiiyat malohati - Toshkent:
“Sharq” nashriyoti, 1999.
