63
FOYDАLАNILGАN АDАBIYOTLАR RO‘YXАTI
1.
Vendler Z.: “Verbs аnd times”. The Philosophicаl Review 66: 143—160.1957
2.
Vendler Z- «Semelfаktiv fe’llаrning semаntik tipologiyаsi”. - Аmsterdаm Milliy Bosmаxonаsi,
Gollаndiyа;2007;34 bet,123.
3.
Vendler K, The аspectuаl feаtures of semelfаctive verbs, Oxford press; 1967; pp 113.
4.
Rutshteyn - “Zаmonаviy lingvistikаning dolzаrb muаmmolаri”. - Vаrshаvа Milliy kutubxonаsi,
Polshа;1996;22 bet,98.
5.
Ferdinаnd de Sossyur- “Til vа uning rivojlаnish tаrixi”- Pаrij.- 1929,89,190.
6.
Noаm Chomsky-
Syntаctic Structures”
, New York Nаtionаl Press.-1957,23pp,200.
7.
Yusupov, O. Y. (2020). ETYMOLOGICAL AND PRO-ETYMOLOGICAL DOUBLETS IN
ENGLISH.
Theoretical & Applied Science
, (2), 417-420.
8.
Sulaymanova, N. D. (2015). COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF LOCATIVE ADESSIVE
ELEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES. In
DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE AT THE CURRENT STAGE OF THE INTENSIVE
INFORMATION TURNOVER
(pp. 12-13).
9.
Yakubovich, Y. O. Journal Homepage:-www. journalijar. com.
10.
Suleymanova, N. J. (2020). CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH LINGUISTIC
AND CULTURAL CONTENT.
Theoretical & Applied Science
, (4), 645-647.
11.
Бахриева, Н. З., & Юсупов, О. Я. (2017). Деловое общение и диалог культур. In
ИННОВАЦИИ В
СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЯЗЫКОВОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
(pp. 10-13).
FOYDАLАNILGАN INTERNET MАNBАLАRI
1.
2.
3.
4.
LEXICAL ORGANIZATION OF PHRASEOLOGISM IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Ismoilova Zilola Namaz kizi,
2
nd
year master’s student,
Department of English philology, NUUz
Abstract:
Current studies indicate that there are several alterations between English and Uzbek
idioms. In English phraseological unities are divided into nominative, communicative, neither nominative
nor communicative types. In Uzbek they are separated into synonyms, antonyms, homonyms according to
semantic - structural organization. It is obvious that the English and Uzbek languages formerly belong to two
diverse families that are the Indo - European and Turkic in this work show lexical formation of both
languages according to several statements.
Key words:
Analytic language, semantic-structural formation, nominative, communicative, Indo -
European.
In Uzbek language, syntactic relations within sentences are expressed by inflection (the change a the
form of a word that indicates distinctions of tense, person, gender, number, mood, voice , and case) or by
agglutination (word formation by means of morpheme, or word unit, clustering).
2
It is obvious in
phraseological examples of English and Uzbek.
Most of English idioms are constructed by prepositions existing in the English language:
to lock the
stable door after the horse is stolen, see eye to eye, pie in the sky, monkey on somediv’s back
and others.
In Uzbek language, suffixes are widely used for this case:
tandirni qizig’ida yopmoq, yetti o’lchab
bir kesmoq, ko’ngli xijil bo’lmoq
Some of English idioms are conveyed as a delineating explanation in Uzbek. Some linguists reckon
that idioms have codependent construction. Idiom is a union of words that possess a figurative sense
together. It is composed of parts that are words which have a specific correlation. All the components are
equal. They are scrutinized as a whole either from semantic side or syntactic one. If they are analyzed
separately, they turn into a common word combination. So it is the testimony for the absence of
interdependence. As a conclusion, the analyses of samples point that there are a number of identical and
diverse points between structures of two compared languages.
The studies of the patterns point out that verbal classification is mostly spread out in these compared
languages. They are applied to express daily issues and other fields of our lives as well. Likewise,
64
subjunctive patterns are also quite known and widely - used in both languages. However, there is the
difference between adjective classification in English and Uzbek languages. In English language, both parts
of idioms consist of adjectives, for instance
first and foremost, meek and mild
3
and others. It is clearly known
that idioms of the have typical syntactic part and they are analyzed as a whole but not separable as word
combinations are done.
The field of phraseology of linguistics is dealt with the notion of fixed expressions, which are
semantically equivalent to a word fixed expressions that parallel in meaning and structure to a whole, and
their specific features. Phraseological units, like words, are typical, ironic, frequently repetitive phrases that
form the lexical units of a language. Although they are steady expressions that are always ready to be
implemented in their meanings and correspond to certain words as a whole, they can sometimes mean a
whole sentence. Phraseology encompasses all the stable and fixed expressions that have been in the language
for a long time and are set to be introduced into the speech process just like words.
Therefore, when including a phrase in a phraseology, it is significant to pay special attention to this
aspect of the issue, not whether they are equal to a word or a sentence, but whether they are readily prepared
in thought or formed during speech.
The study of phraseological expressions from diverse approaches and their comprehensive angle,
revealing their qualities, generalization serve to enlarge our language at the expense of new expressions.
Furthermore, to analyze the lexical and semantic features of phraseological expressions, it is
imperative to regulate their grammatical structure, component structure, their interrelationships, function in
speech, and their relationship to existing grammatical categories. Scrutinizing the phrases of T. Murad's
novel “Otamdan qolgan dalalar”, we see that in the play about 300 phrases of the Uzbek language are applied
more than 400 times. T. Murod avoids reiterating phrases and idioms. However, his method of reusing
words, phrases, and sometimes whole sentences to used deliberately in order to give a strong color to the
words. We can see in the novel: boshidan qolsin, esidan chiqmoq, esini yig’moq, gap yo’q-so’z yo’q, ichidan
qirindi o’tmoq, ko’z ostidan qaramoq, ko’z uzmaslik, ko’zi ketmoq, ko’zini olmaslik, ko’ngli uvushmoq,
mehmon atoyi xudo, nazar solmoq, oyoq ilmoq, past ketmaslik, quloq solmoq, qo’li kosov-sochi supurgi,
razm solmoq, so’z bermoq, tili bormaslik, tilga kelmoq, toqati toq bo’lmoq, o’pkasini bosolmaslik.
Phraseologisms are considered to be nouns, verbs, adjectives, or other expressions, depending on
which category the word belongs to. This is one of the best books which encompasses a lot of examples of
fixed expressions and idioms that exist in Uzbek language.
Another criterion to analyze lexical organization of phraseological units is according to their parts.
There are major following groups:
➢
Phrases involving the names of div parts and words or describe their activities.
➢
Phrases with words that express abstract notions.
➢
Phrases with the names of flora and fauna as well as related phrases.
➢
Phrases with numbers.
➢
Phrases that express gender, relationship.
Phrases with the names of div parts and words or depict their activities are called somatic phrases
in the scientific literature. Such expressions include liver, face, head, neck, flesh, neck, abdomen, div, soul,
head, eyes, heart, fist, back, legs, lungs, spleen, mouth.
Other expressions such as footprint, abdomen, height, step, eyebrow, ear, hand, hair, tab, nail, skin,
tongue, knee, throat, thigh, shoulder, face can also be added to the list.
➢
Phrases involving the names of div parts and words that describe their activities.
➢
Phrases with words that express abstract concepts.
➢
Phrases with the names of animals, plants and related phrases.
➢
Folk proverbs, phrases that represent the names of customs.
➢
Phrases with numbers.
➢
Phrases that express gender, kinship.
In conclusion, Lexical formation of phraseological units in English and Uzbek languages have their
own organization and usage. Both languages own heritage of words and word combinations. Whether they
are readily prepared in thought or formed during speech. The study of phraseological expressions from
diverse approaches and their comprehensive angle, revealing their qualities, generalization serve to enlarge
our language at the expense of new expressions. Phrases that express the customs are also indispensable part
of language which demonstrate vivid and unique features of certain nation's culture. In both compared
languages, there are myriad samples to represent cultural components through phraseological units.
References
1.
65
2.
https://www.usingenglish.com/reference/idioms/cat/28.html
3.
http://inmadom-myenglishclass.blogspot.com/2013/10/idiomatic-pairs-of-adjectives
4.
html https://www.usingenglish.com/reference/idioms/cat/28.html
5.
Tursunov U., Muxtorov J. Hozirgi o’zbek adabiy tili. -Toshkent: Fan, 1975.-156 b.
6.
Г.Э.Xакимова Фразеологик бирликларнинг лингвокультурологик аспекти. Toшкент - 2018, 126
7.
Yusupov, O. Y. (2020). ETYMOLOGICAL AND PRO-ETYMOLOGICAL DOUBLETS IN
ENGLISH.
Theoretical & Applied Science
, (2), 417-420.
8.
Sulaymanova, N. D. (2015). COMPARATIVE INVESTIGATION OF LOCATIVE ADESSIVE
ELEMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES. In
DEVELOPMENT OF
THE SPOKEN AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE AT THE CURRENT STAGE OF THE INTENSIVE
INFORMATION TURNOVER
(pp. 12-13).
9.
Yakubovich, Y. O. Journal Homepage:-www. journalijar. com.
10.
Suleymanova, N. J. (2020). CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION THROUGH LINGUISTIC AND
CULTURAL CONTENT.
Theoretical & Applied Science
, (4), 645-647.
11.
Бахриева, Н. З., & Юсупов, О. Я. (2017). Деловое общение и диалог культур. In
ИННОВАЦИИ В
СОВРЕМЕННОМ ЯЗЫКОВОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ
(pp. 10-13).
COMPARISON OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN UZBEK AND ENGLISH FOLKLORE
ARTICLE
Khurramova Dildora Fozil qizi
SamDCHTI, 1-kurs magistranti
Abstract:
Uzbek and English people live in several regions, be that as it may the similarity in subjects,
classification and representation of heroes can be watched in their fables. Fairy tales, stories, myths, legends,
reflect the way of life, culture, convictions and worldview of each country. They summarize national
viewpoints for beyond any doubt. National identities are reflected in pictures of heroes and partners in any
sort of legends.
Key words:
pixie, folklorist, folk tales, ideological level, history, culture, comparative-typological,
historical comparative, protagonist, national aspect, English fairy tale, Uzbek fairy tale.
Mindfulness of other societies requests examinations in many spheres, counting writing and fables.
Comparative-typological and historical comparative examination of the picture of epic aide are the most
strategies utilized in our research.
The picture of the supporter holy person heroes is established in pre-Islamic. They are based on old
animistic, totemic, and shamanistic religiousmythological concepts. Hence, the names “epic helper” and
“epic sponsor” are utilized for them. In English old stories pixie adoptive parents, talking creatures such as
horse, fox or bird serve as aides. In Uzbek society stories and sagas, creatures such as steeds, wolves, lions,
monkeys, tigers, snakes, foxes and rams are regularly translated as groups and helpers as having entranced
properties. Since the people of old envisioned streams and seas, mountains, deserts and timberlands as places
where spirits might discover a put, the epic helper too abruptly experiences the hero straightforwardly in
such places.
Conclusion:
Partners can be recognized in nearly all fairytales all through the world. They may have
diverse characteristics, particular highlights as they have a place to different countries. In any case, the theme
is comparable ―to donate bolster, counsel or a hand to people in require. Aides in English and Uzbek old
stories can be separated into similar types. Heroes, as well as aides in people stories encapsulate national
perspectives and national identities of culture they have a place to.
Folklore is the mirror of the nation. It reflects customs, beliefs, lifestyle, culture and worldview of
people. The number of pixie stories (of Britain, America, Australia and other Englishspeaking nations)
interpreted into Uzbek by the people groups is developing each year. Tales such as "Snowwhite and the
Seven Midgets", "How Jack went to look for his fortune", "Beauty and the Monster" are among them. It is
known that in pixie stories, the protagonist favors humankind to his possess interface, endeavors to do great
to everyone (whether human, creature or animal), overcomes fiendish and spares the casualty, and when the
time comes, such bolster is raised to a tall ideological level.
Russian scholar, folklorist Vladimir Yakovlevich Propp analyzed Russian folk tales discovered a
donor character in them, which helps or gives advice to the protagonist only after setting tasks, making a
query. A prominent English folklorist Katharine Briggs investigated the images of fairies, hobgoblins,
brownies and other supernatural creatures and researched the types and motifs of fairy tales. She considered
