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STRUCTURAL METAMORPHOSIS OF THYROID STATUS INITIATED BY
SAPONIN INTRODUCTION.
Nishanova A.A
Don A.N
Sharipova P.A
Reimnazarova G.D
Tashkent State Dental Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Resume.
In the article, the study of morphometric parameters using the test-point method was
carried out. The object of the study was the thyroid gland during the experimental
administration of ladyginozid, which has an anti-atherosclerotic effect. The results obtained
by morphometric methods rightly indicate that the daily administration of ladyginozid at a
dose of 20 mg/kg leads to a change in the structure of the thyroid gland, indicating an
increase in its morphofunctional activity.
Key words: morphometry, test-point method, thyroid gland, ladiginoside.
Introduction.
The study of morphometric parameters of the thyroid gland using the test-point
method complements and expands the possibilities for researchers in describing the
morphofunctional activity pattern of the organ [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].
Thyroid gland studied by
morphometric methods when experimentally administered with a preparation from plant
raw material - saponin ladiginoside. The drug, having antiatherosclerotic and hypolipidemic
effects [7, 8, 9], is a triterpene glycoside synthesized from Ladiginia bucharica plant
growing in Uzbekistan. It was obtained in glycosides laboratory of the Institute of Plant
Substances Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Head -
Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Professor N.K. Abubakirov).
Considering the role of the thyroid gland in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, on the
one hand, and the availability of ladylginoside with anti-atherosclerotic properties, on the
other hand, it was decided to study the structural metamorphosis of the thyroid gland during
its administration using a complex of morphometric analysis.
Materials and methods.
The experimental design involved 37 sexually mature male
inbred rabbits with a baseline weight of 2.1 - 3.0 kg at the beginning of the experiment. The
animals were divided into the following groups: Group 1 - 18 rabbits received ladyginoside
orally daily at a dose of 0.002 g/kg animal weight, Group 2 was made up of intact control
animals. In addition, the animals in each group were divided into subgroups according to the
duration of the experiment: 7, 15 and 30 days.
After finishing the experiment and anatomical dissection the thyroid glands were
weighed with the accuracy of 1 mg, carried out by the standard method before making
micro preparations with slices of 5 - 10 microns thickness. Histological slices were coloured
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS AND TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
International scientific online conference
140
with haematoxylin and eosin, for RNA according to Brasch, for DNA according to Felgen,
SHIK reaction according to McManus-Hochkiss was carried out.
The numerical values of the structural components were determined using the test-
point method with volumetric percentages of the thyroid components: intrafollicular colloid,
follicular epithelium, interfollicular epithelium, and organ stroma [10, 11, 12].
The weight of the thyroid gland, colour reflecting the degree of bloodiness, and
consistency were also taken into account in assessing the condition of the thyroid gland.
Particular attention was paid to histostructure: size of follicles, condition of colloid,
intensity of its staining, presence of vacuoles. The height of follicular epithelium was
determined. The number of small, colloid-free follicles was taken into account. Colloid
accumulation index "Follicle/Epithelium" - "F/E" was calculated [4] according to the
formula:
Average follicle diameter, µm
"F/E" = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Doubled average height of follicular epithelium, µm
In addition to the above indices, an aggregate morphofunctional thyroid index (АMI)
was calculated [1, 3, 4, ], which implies that two groups of characteristics must be
integrated to assess the performance of any organ by indirect indices. One group is the
number of working elements (mass, volume, percentage, proportion, etc.), the other is the
intensity of their functioning (indicators of cytometry, karyometrics, epithelium height,
quantitative histochemistry, etc.).
АMI is calculated according to the formula: 0.25Be + 0.25IN + 0.25Me, where Be is
follicle epithelial height in µm, IN is the accumulation index: ratio of follicle diameter to
doubled follicle epithelial height, Me is epithelial mass in g.
Results and discussion.
A descriptive study of the thyroid glands of intact animals in the control group
indicated that the qualitative and quantitative parameters indicate their normal structure and
correspond to the descriptions given in the experimental works performed in this region
earlier [5, 6, 13].
The thyroid glands of animals treated with ladyginoside for 7 days were characterized
by an increase in their relative weight. Qualitative differences in this group from the control
were manifested by a decrease in the size of follicles, a change in the tinctorial properties of
intrafollicular colloid in the form of its liquefaction, the appearance of marginal
vacuolization, resulting in a colloid with festoon edges, in some places there were follicles
with "foamed" colloid.
There was an increase in the height of the follicular epithelium, an increase in the
relative volume of the interfollicular epithelium and stroma. The latter was due to the
vascular component, which, according to some authors [7, 8, 14], indicates increased
activity of the gland. There was also a decrease in the intensity of staining when using SHIF
reagent, thyrocyte nuclei were less intensely stained by Felgen due to diffuse distribution of
DNA grains, RNA was detected more clearly.
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Quantitative analysis of the thyroid gland signs in rabbits treated with ladyginoside
was carried out taking into account the currently accepted recommendations [1, 5, 6, 7].
Compared with the animals of the control group, in experimental rabbits there was an
increase in the value of indicators, the rise of which indicates an increase in
morphofunctional activity of the gland. We are talking about such indicators as the relative
weight of the thyroid, the height of the follicular epithelium, the relative volume of the
follicular epithelium, interfollicular epithelium and stroma, АMI.
The relative volume proportion of follicular epithelium changed insignificantly, while
the proportion of interfollicular epithelium increased sharply, indicating an increased
proliferation of typical thyroid epithelium and active follicular neoplasia. The SMP of the
gland, taking into account changes in the most tested indices of histophysiological state,
being 9.94 points, exceeds 3.7 times the АMI of control animals.
Increasing the experiment up to 15 days leads to further increase of relative gland mass
up to 1.34 mg/100g. Marked signs of hypertrophy of the follicular epithelium and their
nuclei, which when quantified is manifested in a further decrease in the "colloid
accumulation index - F/E", the average diameter of the follicles. As after 7 days of the
experiment, the relative volume of the follicular epithelium increased slightly, and a
significant difference was revealed in the relative proportion of the interfollicular
epithelium. SMP increased to 15.29 points on the average, differing both from the control
animals, in which SMP was 2.64, and from the previous group of animals, in which it was
9.94.
In terms of discussion of the results, taking into account the literature and our own
research data, it should be noted that the introduction of ladylinositide, leads to changes in
the structure of the thyroid gland, interpreted as a gradual increase in the morphofunctional
activity of the thyroid as the experiment lengthens [3, 11, 14].
Conclusion.
1. The results obtained in the experiment indicate that daily administration of
ledginoside at the dose of 20.0 mg/kg of weight leads to changes in the structure of the
thyroid gland, indicating an increase in its morphofunctional activity. At the same time, the
initial metamorphosis in the morphology of the thyroid gland was detected as early as day 7
of the experiment, with a gradual increase in the indices, reaching maximum expression on
day 30 of the experiment.
2. Тhe morphometric methods tested in this study, allow the metamorphosis of
thyroid status to be objectively assessed using a set of data. The value of the methods under
consideration lies not only in the fact that they bring morphological analysis to a
qualitatively higher level, but also in the affordability of using these techniques, as they do
not require expensive equipment from researchers.
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