Impact Factor:
ISRA
(India) =
4.971
ISI
(Dubai, UAE) =
0.829
GIF
(Australia) =
0.564
JIF = 1.500
SIS
(USA) =
0.912
РИНЦ
(Russia) =
0.126
ESJI
(KZ) =
8.716
SJIF
(Morocco)
= 5.667
ICV
(Poland)
= 6.630
PIF
(India)
= 1.940
IBI
(India)
= 4.260
OAJI
(USA)
= 0.350
Philadelphia, USA
185
QR – Issue
QR – Article
SOI:
DOI:
International Scientific Journal
Theoretical & Applied Science
p-ISSN:
2308-4944 (print)
e-ISSN:
2409-0085 (online)
Year:
2020
Issue:
01
Volume:
81
Published:
D.M. Teshabayeva
Uzbekistan State World Languages University
Doctor of science in Philology, professor
Sh. A. Usmonova
Uzbekistan state world languages university
Teacher,
TEXT SPECIFICATION IN MEDIA COMMUNICATION AND
INDICATOR OF INFORMATIVENESS
Abstract: The article discusses the text specifications and the indicator of informativeness in the Mass Media.
The informativeness of the text is an indicator of the quality of the text. There is also a direct correlation between the
timing of the information contained within the text and the timing of the information obtained. This connection ensures
that the information provided is represented in time and aspect. In the age of generalization of society, the role of
journalism is an important factor in the mass communication system. Journalism, on the one hand, is a concept
created by popular culture, and on the other hand, it serves to shape mass culture as a social space.
As a mediator of the social and cultural manifestations of the new world, it "introduces" new concepts, new
pragmatic norms into the language, and gives us a glimpse of a creative world. At the same time, all new concepts
are interpreted. We consider the text as a high-level language unit. The linguistic knowledge of the language system
is extracted from many texts. The textology involved in the study of the process of text creation, modeling and
functioning is of interest to journalists today as linguistic dyslexia.
Key words:
text, media, communication, linguistic phenomenon, informativeness, universality
Language: English
Citation
:
Teshabayeva, D. M., & Usmonova, S. A. (2020). Text specification in media communication and
indicator of informativeness.
ISJ Theoretical & Applied Science, 01 (81),
185-189.
Soi
http://s-o-i.org/1.1/TAS-01-81-35
Doi
:
https://dx.doi.org/10.15863/TAS
Scopus ASCC: 1208.
Introduction
A separate concept of media can be regarded as
a major theoretical component of media text [1, p. 45].
This is reflected in almost all research on media
studies. The essence of this concept is that the text,
which is the basis for traditional linguistics, is the
“meaningful sequence of symbolic units. Its main
feature is consistency and integrity”
[2]. The
definition extends beyond the mass media. The
concept of the media text goes beyond the verbal level
of the system and approaches the semiotic
interpretation of the text, taking into account not only
verbal but also the continuity of any characters. The
text displayed in modern media culture helps to better
understand the dynamic processes that take place in
modern journalism as a specific element of progress.
The purpose of communication reflects not only
technological goals, but also communication and
cultural needs. It is in the media that they present
themselves in the most striking way. The semiotic
complication of media, or rather the text itself, is not
the number one category, as new technologies and
competition in the media have increased the number
of media offers. Among these innovations, not only
are new genres distinguished, but also when the media
is applied to texts, the textual category itself changes.
Discussion
In its current form, the media is a combination of
linguistic and visual components that allow for a wide
Impact Factor:
ISRA
(India) =
4.971
ISI
(Dubai, UAE) =
0.829
GIF
(Australia) =
0.564
JIF = 1.500
SIS
(USA) =
0.912
РИНЦ
(Russia) =
0.126
ESJI
(KZ) =
8.716
SJIF
(Morocco)
= 5.667
ICV
(Poland)
= 6.630
PIF
(India)
= 1.940
IBI
(India)
= 4.260
OAJI
(USA)
= 0.350
Philadelphia, USA
186
range of design, typography, graphics, color palettes,
infoblocks, photos, pictures, logos and more [3,p.138-
139]. These tools significantly enhance image
perception, aesthetic orientation, and the overall
beauty of the publication [4,p.3-6].
Another media characteristic of media is, in our
opinion, the linguistic specificity of its orientation to
the mass audience. The dynamic nature of media is
manifested at the level of internal text, superficial and
hypertext
(multidimensionality,
multiplicity,
polyphonicity, heterogeneity, and integration). It is
based on the development of new information
technologies, the convergence of mass media, and
their socially-regulated nature as "a unique tool for
interpreting and reflecting on reality." Media
organization can be defined taking into account the
influence of the global opposition known as
"conventionality - individuality". Its effect is based on
the proportions of functional-stylistic features of a
particular type / genre of text, on the one hand, of the
author's idiostyle of a clear media. Conventionality is
defined by the institutionality of the relevant
discourse, the peculiarities of the relevant functional
style, and the genre-specific or text-grammatical
specifications of the media. Idiostyle represents both
the general characteristics of the text and the
individual descriptions that imply the expression of
different degrees of linguistic means in the realization
of a particular intuition.
2) Although the structure of the information
provided by the particular subject is clearly visible, the
structure of the collective identity of the collective
subject is particularly important in the media text
prescription.
3) Media is closely related to social practice,
because media appears in this social practice and
performs two important tasks, directly or indirectly, to
disseminate specific information about a particular
event and cultural specificity of the world.
Results
The text of journalism is multidimensional and
is presented in various options and in a logical way.
Many texts contain some descriptions of specific
events (individual texts) and related processes (socio-
cultural factors). It is a four-dimensional field-time
continuum of internal and interlayer relationships.
Journalism text, like any other text, is available in real
time and place in the form of an object - a book, a
manuscript.
An ideal view of the spirit or of the text is
manifested in another place-time form - in the
conceptual space of time. The conceptual space and
time are reflections of real-time characteristics at the
level of concepts and visions. Journalistic text is a
perceptual-conceptual area of individual social
information. The author and reader - the journalist and
his audience - are generalized over time, which is
characteristic of graphic texts but not generalized in a
semiotic field.
Journalistic text is related to other texts, which
can be both journalistic and non-journalistic texts. It is
absolutely impossible to ignore this space when the
listeners or audience is able to hear or see these texts
at a specific time.
Naturally, journalism should not be based on one
or more texts. Journalism is a system of texts whose
work is a system of texts in the form of an evaluation
system. It has systemic attributes that are not included
in the totality of individual elements. The product of
journalism should be considered as a system of texts
as a system that does not relate to certain elements -
some texts.
"Text is a moving language" [6, p.142]. Of
course, some types of journalistic text are subject to
analysis in terms of journalistic skills, genre criteria,
and grammar of a particular language. But such
analysis (be it some texts or other proportions) goes
beyond the theory of journalism and is the subject of
other sciences, disciplines - theory of journalistic skill,
methodology, grammar, statistics and so on [7].
The linguistic tools used in the media
contribute to the formation of socially and culturally
significant phenomena, including gender identity. For
this, every linguistic culture has different discursive
and nominative strategies, and linguistic tools with
different percutaneous capacities specialize in their
implementation. The presence of certain knowledge in
culture is the basis for the process of understanding
between communicators.
Cognitive units, which are universal to the
nation, have always been of interest to the media
audience, and if used in a balanced way, they have a
formative effect on the spiritual world of both the
author and the consumer. The texts produced by the
media are based on discursive practices and have a
number of descriptions that reflect a community-
specific world view: (1) polycode semiosis; (2)
intertextuality; (3) addressing [8].
According to Zasursky, the media is a new
communication product. It can be included in various
media structures in verbal, visual, audio, multimedia
form, as well as newspapers, magazines, radio,
television, and other media. Media can be described
as a highly complex unit of high order, through which
communication is carried out in the field of mass
communication. Media theory of the present time
claims to be independent of or within the context of
text theory.
The media specification, first of all, takes into
account the following features determined by the
external conditions specific to its existence:
–
A particular type of information which
broadcast by the media. The media, which acts as a
mediator in the delivery of information, significantly
changes it: influential social groups impact on the
Impact Factor:
ISRA
(India) =
4.971
ISI
(Dubai, UAE) =
0.829
GIF
(Australia) =
0.564
JIF = 1.500
SIS
(USA) =
0.912
РИНЦ
(Russia) =
0.126
ESJI
(KZ) =
8.716
SJIF
(Morocco)
= 5.667
ICV
(Poland)
= 6.630
PIF
(India)
= 1.940
IBI
(India)
= 4.260
OAJI
(USA)
= 0.350
Philadelphia, USA
187
management by selecting information and how it is
delivered.
–
Collective production of any media: any text
is created and processed by several people (journalist,
editor, illustrator, director, installer, etc.), placed
among other texts, hence the author's composition
does not relate to the will and defines the content of
each material.
–
Direct communication and special feature of
feedback - limited, minimized or non-existent,
simulated in space and time (modern interactive forms
in the media do not fundamentally change the overall
picture).
–
The Importance of Broadcasting Techniques
- Technical capabilities are not just the packaging or
packaging of content, they change and systematize the
message itself. For example, a news story forms the
denotative aspect of various print, radio, television,
and internet texts.
–
The economic parameter determines the
ideology of the publication and influences its content
and technical inclusion.
Media is strictly defined by the communication
channel. Each media is characterized by its own set of
media characters that have had a significant impact on
the
linguistic
features
of
the
text.
In particular, print media provides graphic ornaments
and illustrations that are accompanied by verbal text.
Radio text consists of an audio component - a
voice description and a sound line, while the media
text amplifies verbal and audio components with a
video array. The Internet offers great potential for data
transmission across multiple channels and text
boundaries.
The term that has just emerged
publication
format
is associated with the need to take into account
the interaction of the significant, technical, and
ideological factors that make up the media product.
Media format is a combination of the elements that
constitute and use the content and the characteristics
of its content in accordance with the concept of the
media (editorial policy of the publication) [10].
Popularity.
The
mass
communication
specification is a socially oriented communication in
which the author (subject) and the addressee are
subject to change. The address of the media is a retinal
(
from latin rete - network
), indirect, socially oriented
communication and relevant categiological characters
(retinal, anonymous, time-span, spatial distribution in
print media), unable to critically evaluate the text on
the specifics of mass communication and audience.
I.M. Kobozheva describes it as "a potentially
uncertain number of individuals" [11, p.130]. These
are the "classic" definitions given to the media
address.
For example, information and analytical media
used in the context of economic media studies aim to
provide information and rational argumentation in the
context of the author's analysis and evaluation of
financial and economic processes. The mission of the
media in this genre is to formulate strategies for a
wider audience in the face of economic instability (in
the context of market stability, business media
audiences may shrink or expand, or the average person
can increase or lose interest in their content). For
example:
“A new page has been created that will give
a significant boost to the development of Uzbekistan's
economy” or “Uzbekistan has a mechanism for
resolving disputes in arbitration to ensure the
protection of the rights and legitimate interests of
business entities, improve the business environment
and increase the investment attractiveness of our
country. At the same time, there are a number of
systemic problems that hinder the effective protection
of the rights and interests of businesses, especially
foreign investors, further improving the business
environment
and
increasing
the
investment
attractiveness of Uzbekistan
” (
from newspaper
Xalq
so`zi
).
Information-analytical block assumes two
approaches recording the author's point of view: 1) the
author's view seems to be negligible from the outside,
which in turn contributes to the effect of objective
reporting of the problem. Analytical part of such
blocks is presented in expert evaluations; 2) it defines
the author's position clearly expressed in problem-
analytical articles.
The media of this genre offers a wide range of
methods that allow the reader to observe the logic of
sorting factual material, that is, to determine the
degree of objectivity of the author's approach to the
interpretation of facts.
The text of the journalist still has one of the most
important forms of group evaluation and social
understanding, potentially reflecting the status of a
particular social group. Models of knowledge that are
presented in journalistic texts are more individual than
observations, and are primarily based on the skills of
the journalist (his own knowledge and skills). They
may be disconnected from the context and may
eventually become stereotyped knowledge scenarios
that are socially relevant.
Conclusion
Requirement and condition of informativeness
of data are its novelty, actuality, adequacy and it can
be implemented in words, sentences, complex
syntactic units, and within the context. Of course,
from the linguistic point of view, the text is an
information unit. Therefore, the concept of the text
should be widely accepted. In particular, the concept
of "text" can be applied not only to a work of art, but
also to its parts [12].
Van Dyke, a linguist who has done extensive
research within the text, identifies macroscopic
exchange rates as follows:
1) changes in perceptions (language index -
modality semantic category);
Impact Factor:
ISRA
(India) =
4.971
ISI
(Dubai, UAE) =
0.829
GIF
(Australia) =
0.564
JIF = 1.500
SIS
(USA) =
0.912
РИНЦ
(Russia) =
0.126
ESJI
(KZ) =
8.716
SJIF
(Morocco)
= 5.667
ICV
(Poland)
= 6.630
PIF
(India)
= 1.940
IBI
(India)
= 4.260
OAJI
(USA)
= 0.350
Philadelphia, USA
188
2) change of time or period (language index -
semantic category of temporality);
3) spatial index (language index - locative
semantic category);
4) introduction of new participants;
5) reuse of known participants (language index -
semantic category of subjectivity);
6) change of attitude or purpose (language
indicators - communicative purpose, semantic
category of the person);
7) the composition of different types of
predicates. If something does not match this macro, a
new macro is created [13, p. 62-67].
Genre and style-forming factors in the texts of
information messages are realized through the
following linguistic structures: mold designs, cliché;
stamps; article-specific vocabulary; actual vocabulary
as an indication of information expressive means of
language, directed to the addressing factor.
For example:
Vocational Training Center of the Ministry of
Higher and Secondary Special Education will be
closed.
The project of the Decree of the President of the
Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to radically
improve the system of higher and secondary special
education" is posted on the portal of discussion of
drafts
of
regulatory
documents.
The document envisages the liquidation of the
Vocational Training Center of the Ministry of Higher
and Secondary Special Education of the Republic of
Uzbekistan and the transfer of its vacant staff to the
Ministry of Higher and Secondary Special Education
of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The use of a large number of terminological
lexicons that are not even known to contemporaries
(for example, political terms: corpus, immunity,
protests, etc.) give a particular measure of credibility
to this information and convince the reader of the
seriousness of government efforts to restore peaceful
life. The use of separate grammatical forms of
command modality, such as: constitutive semantics
and inevitability, for example:
(Uzbek version) ишлаб чиқиш ..... вазифасини
юклатди; Барча безак берувчи фабрикаларда
матоларнинг сифати ва ташқи кўринишини
яхшиловчи ишлов бериш жараёнлари тикланиши
лозим
ва ҳ.к.
(English version) development…to be tasked ..;
All finishing factories need to be reworked to improve
the quality and appearance of fabrics, and so on.
Thus, the selection of stylistic components for
composing is another important factor that determines
the nature of the stylistic tonality of informational
texts - the nature of socio-political context of
information message analyzed above. It can explain
not only the vector of associations (... the decision to
improve the quality of fabrics and the expansion of
types) but also the choice of linguistic units for
communicating with the student audience and
communicating function. Looking at media as a
means of mass communication, we conclude:
1. The text of the media is the product of a
journalist's
socially-focused
work,
its
textual
interaction with the audience, and the specific social
and cultural manifestation of journalism in the
language system.
2. The text of the media reflects the model of the
universe, while the textual mass reflects the culture of
a given period;
3. The journalistic text is a discursive and
complex communicative notion that extends beyond
the text necessary to understand the text (extrinsic)
(knowledge of the world, the purpose of the address);
4. Journalist text is a unique concept as an
essential element of a system that interacts with
several components, including the journalist, the
publisher and the reader, the audience.
5. The creation of media text is also related to the
laws of literary language and the national peculiarities
of it.
References:
1.
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Tongue
.
Cognition
.
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McGraw-Hill.
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Impact Factor:
ISRA
(India) =
4.971
ISI
(Dubai, UAE) =
0.829
GIF
(Australia) =
0.564
JIF = 1.500
SIS
(USA) =
0.912
РИНЦ
(Russia) =
0.126
ESJI
(KZ) =
8.716
SJIF
(Morocco)
= 5.667
ICV
(Poland)
= 6.630
PIF
(India)
= 1.940
IBI
(India)
= 4.260
OAJI
(USA)
= 0.350
Philadelphia, USA
189
7.
Klushina, N.I. (n.d.).
Language mechanisms for
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