ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
182
NEW METHODS OF TREATMENT AND PREVENTION OF
PERIODONTITIS
Ergashev Bekzod Jaloliddin oglu
Student of Central Asian Medical University,
e-mail: bekzodergashev0401@gmail.com
Parpieva Odinakhon Rakhmanovna
Scientific supervisor:
Associate professor of Central Asian Medical University,
e-mail: parpieva.odinahon@yandex.ru
Fergana, Uzbekistan.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15687926
Abstract.
Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases
characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the
tooth. The article discusses modern methods of treatment and prevention of
periodontitis, including innovative approaches. The main causes of the
pathology are bacterial infection, plaque and tartar deposits, immune disorders,
as well as systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis). The disease can
be chronic, leading to progressive bone resorption, mobility, and tooth loss.
Treatment of periodontitis requires an integrated approach, including
professional oral hygiene, antibacterial therapy, surgical intervention (flap
surgery, bone grafting) and correction of systemic factors. Prevention plays a
key role in preventing the progression of the disease.
Keywords:
periodontitis, bacterial infection, plaque, tartar, tooth loss,
treatment, prevention.
Relevance.
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontal
tissues, which leads to the destruction of the ligamentous apparatus of the teeth
and the bone tissue of the alveolar process.
The high prevalence of periodontitis among the adult population, reaching
70-80%, makes the problem of its effective treatment and prevention extremely
urgent. Untimely or inadequate treatment can lead to tooth loss and
deterioration in the quality of life of patients. Therefore, the development and
implementation of new methods of therapy and prevention of periodontitis are
priority tasks of modern dentistry [1-5].
In terms of overall prevalence, periodontitis is the second most common
dental disease after dental caries. Chronic periodontitis affects about 750 million
people, representing approximately 10.8% of the world population as of 2010.
Severe periodontitis, leading to tooth loss, affects an estimated 267 million
people, mostly in the elderly [6-8].
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
183
According to many studies, the occurrence of periodontitis is also facilitated
by geographical and socioeconomic factors. In economically disadvantaged
regions, periodontitis is more common in regions with a low standard of living
and limited access to dental care. Its prevalence decreases with an increase in
the standard of living [9, 10].
Ethnic differences also influence periodontitis statistics. In some
populations, such as Israel, people of Yemeni, North African, South Asian, or
Mediterranean descent have a higher prevalence of periodontitis compared to
people of European descent [11, 12].
According to the WHO, periodontitis can also cause economic damage. For
example, severe periodontitis causes lost productivity each year, costing the
global economy approximately USA $54 billion. [13-15].
These data highlight the need to strengthen preventive measures, improve
access to dental care and raise awareness of periodontitis to reduce its
prevalence and negative health consequences for the population.
The aim of our study is to analyze modern methods of treatment and
prevention of periodontitis, with an emphasis on innovative approaches.
Theoretical foundations.
Periodontitis is a common gum disease
characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the
teeth. Its prevalence and severity vary by region, age, and socioeconomic factors.
The data obtained as a result of the literature analysis confirm the existing
trend of deterioration of the periodontal condition with age, which requires the
development of more effective and comprehensive treatment methods.
Modern methods of treating periodontitis, including traditional approaches
and innovative technologies, include:
Mechanical treatment: Removal of dental plaque using ultrasonic scalers
remains the mainstay of periodontitis therapy. This method allows for the
effective removal of plaque and calculus, reducing the bacterial load on
periodontal tissues.
Antibacterial therapy: The use of local and systemic antibiotics is aimed at
suppressing pathogenic microflora. However, due to the risk of bacterial
resistance, careful and justified use of antibiotics is recommended.
Laser therapy: The use of diode lasers has been shown to be effective in
reducing inflammation and stimulating tissue regeneration. Laser therapy can
be an adjunct to mechanical treatment, improving clinical outcomes.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
184
Photodynamic therapy (PDT): The method is based on the use of
photosensitizers and light radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms. PDT
has an antibacterial effect and promotes tissue healing.
Stem cell applications: Research shows promise in using mesenchymal stem
cells to regenerate damaged periodontal tissue. In experimental models, the
introduction of stem cells helped restore the structure of the gum and bone
tissue.
Phytotherapy: The use of preparations based on plant extracts with anti-
inflammatory and antimicrobial properties is an additional method in the
complex therapy of periodontitis.
The use of various therapeutic approaches made it possible to evaluate
their effectiveness. Mechanical treatment and antibacterial therapy remain the
basic methods, but they do not always provide a long-term effect and may be
accompanied by relapses. Modern methods, such as laser therapy and
photodynamic therapy (PDT), have demonstrated a more pronounced anti-
inflammatory and antimicrobial effect, which has allowed for better tissue
regeneration and reduction of the inflammatory process.
Of particular interest is the use of stem cells, which opens up new prospects
for the treatment of severe forms of periodontitis. This method is aimed at
restoring the destroyed bone and soft tissue structure, which is especially
important for patients with severe periodontal tissue loss. However, further
research is needed to assess the long-term results and safety of this approach.
In addition, herbal medicine has been used as an adjunctive method and has
shown potential in reducing inflammation and improving overall gum health.
However, its effectiveness as a primary method remains limited and should be
used in combination with other therapeutic strategies.
Thus, the obtained data confirm the need for a combined approach to the
treatment of periodontitis, which includes not only traditional methods, but also
innovative technologies. Therefore, these studies allow us to determine optimal
treatment regimens that take into account the age characteristics of patients and
the severity of the disease.
Conclusions.
Modern periodontology offers a wide range of methods for
the treatment and prevention of periodontitis. The combination of traditional
approaches with innovative technologies, such as laser and photodynamic
therapy, the use of stem cells and herbal preparations, allows for increased
treatment efficiency and improved prognosis for patients. Further research and
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
185
clinical trials are needed to optimize these methods and their widespread
implementation in dental practice.
The most effective method for combating periodontitis is prevention, aimed
at eliminating the factors that contribute to the development of periodontal
tissue inflammation, and includes several key aspects:
1. Individual oral hygiene:
- Regular brushing of teeth at least 2 times a day using a soft or medium-
hard toothbrush.
- Use of toothpaste with antibacterial components (for example, with
chlorhexidine, triclosan, herbal extracts).
- Use of dental floss or an irrigator to remove plaque from between teeth.
- Use of mouthwashes with an antiseptic effect.
2. Professional oral hygiene:
- Regular visits to the dentist every 6 months for examination and
prevention.
- Removal of tartar using ultrasound or the Air Flow method.
- Polishing and remineralization of enamel after professional cleaning.
3. Lifestyle and nutrition correction
- Limiting the consumption of sugar and simple carbohydrates, which
promote the growth of pathogenic microflora.
- Enriching the diet with foods rich in calcium, fluorine, vitamins C and D
(dairy products, fish, fresh vegetables and fruits).
- Quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption, as these factors
weaken periodontal tissues and reduce their resistance to infection.
4. Treatment and control of systemic diseases
- Control of blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes, as hyperglycemia
worsens the condition of the periodontium.
- Treatment of hormonal disorders, gastrointestinal diseases and
cardiovascular system, which can contribute to the development of
periodontitis.
5. Use of special dental products
- Use of medicinal gels and ointments for gums (for example, with
metronidazole, chlorhexidine, propolis).
- Carrying out gum massages and physiotherapeutic procedures (laser
therapy, darsonvalization) to improve blood circulation.
6. Genetic and microbiological monitoring
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
186
- Patients with a hereditary predisposition to periodontitis are
recommended to undergo regular examinations and visit the dentist more
frequently.
- In some cases, a microbiological study of the oral microflora is prescribed
to determine the risk of inflammation.
A comprehensive approach to the prevention of periodontitis can
significantly reduce the risk of its development and progression. It is important
not only to maintain oral hygiene, but also to monitor your overall health,
nutrition and lifestyle.
References:
1.
Абдурахманова С.А., Рунова Г.С., Подпорин М.С., Царева Е.В.,
Ипполитов Е.В., Царев В.Н. Микробиологическое обоснование применения
фитопрепаратов для лечения воспалительных заболеваний пародонта.
Пародонтология. 2019;24(3):196-202.
2.
Атрушкевич В.Г., Орехова Л.Ю., Янушевич О.О., Соколова Е.Ю., Лобода
Е.С. Оптимизация сроков поддерживающей пародонтальной терапии при
использовании фотоактивированной дезинфекции. Пародонтология.
2019;24(2):121-126.
3.
Блашкова С.В., Бутаева З.Р., Фазылова Ю.В. Клинический опыт
применения диодного лазера в лечении хронического генерализованного
пародонтита. Пародонтология. 2022;27(2):193-198.
4.
Булгакова А.И., Васильева Н.А., Шикова Ю.В., Имельбаева Э.А.,
АхмадееваФ.Р. Клиникo-иммунологическое обоснование применения
стоматологической мази, разработанной на основе продукта пчеловодства
для лечения воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Пародонтология.
2019;24(1):94-100.
5.
Гонтарев С.Н., Гонтарева И.С., Давтян Р.А., Мустафа Ясин, Сумченко
Ю.С. Современные методы лечения пародонтита (обзор литературы). //
Стоматология. – 2016. – №5. – С. 45-50.
6.
Узденова Л.Х., Килькеев А.Р. Профилактика и лечение пародонтоза в
домашних условиях. // Ветеринария. – 2017. – №3. – С. 25-30.
7.
Ситдикова О.Ф., Кабирова М.Ф., Губина О.Ф., Ситдикова Л.Х., Порядин
А.Ю., Ситдиков Ф.А. Эффективность профилактики заболеваний пародонта
среди курсантов. // Российская стоматология. – 2021. – Т. 25, №4. – С. 45-50.
8.
Орехова Л.Ю. Актуальная антибиотикотерапия в пародонтологии. //
Пародонтология. – 2020. – Т. 25, №2. – С. 30-35.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE
International scientific-online conference
187
9.
Цепов Л.М., Николаев А.И., Михеева Е.А. Диагностика, лечение и
профилактика заболеваний пародонта. – 3-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.:
МЕДпресс-информ, 2008. – 272 с.
10.
Newman M.G., Takei H., Klokkevold P.R., Carranza F.A. Carranza's Clinical
Periodontology. – 12th ed. – St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2015. – 904 p.
11.
Sanz M., Beighton D., Curtis M.A., Cury J.A., Dige I., Dommisch H., Ellwood
R., Giacaman R.A., Herrera D., Herzberg M.C., Könönen E., Marsh P.D., Meyle J.,
Mira A., Molina R., Mombelli A., Quirynen M., Reynolds E.C., Shapira L., Zaura E.
Role of microbial biofilms in the maintenance of oral health and in the
development of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Consensus report of
group 1 of the Joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and
periodontal diseases. // J Clin Periodontol. – 2017. – Vol. 44, Suppl 18. – P. S5-
S11.
12.
A.Yakubov, G.A.Ermatova, O.R.Parpieva, D.A.Kamalova Problems Of
Environmental Biosafety in Its Parasitic PollutionTexas Journal of Medical ISSN
NO: 2770-2936. Date of Publication:08-01-2024. https://zienjournals.com
13.
Kinane D.F., Stathopoulou P.G., Papapanou P.N. Periodontal diseases. //
Nat Rev Dis Primers. – 2017. – Vol. 3. – Article number: 17038.
14.
Jepsen S., Caton J.G., Albandar J.M., Bissada N.F., Bouchard P., Cortellini P.,
Demirel K., de Sanctis M., Ercoli C., Fan J., Geurs N.C., Hughes F.J., Jin L., Kantarci
A., Lalla E., Madianos P.N., Maiorana C., Montano M., Needleman I., Offenbacher
S., Reddy M.S., Renvert S., Teles R.P., Trombelli L., Wang H.L., Zitzmann N.U.
Periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases and developmental and
acquired conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 3 of the 2017 World
Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and
Conditions. // J Periodontol. – 2018. – Vol. 89, Suppl 1. – P. S237-S248.
