Том 4 № 35 (2025)

This article analyzes the compatibility of communicative methods and linguistic approaches in Russian language lessons. The article discusses the effectiveness of the communicative method in the learning process and its integration with linguistic principles, and studies theoretical and practical aspects of language teaching. The article also shows the importance of the communicative approach in the development of students' language skills and the compatibility of linguistic methods. The results of the research create important pedagogical foundations for more interactive and effective teaching in Russian language lessons.

Ushbu tezisda “Sab’ayi Sayyor” dostonida Sharq va G‘arb tafakkuri o‘rtasidagi o‘zaro falsafiy uyg‘unlik masalalari tahlil etiladi. Asarda G‘arb madaniyatining estetik mezonlari bilan Sharqona axloq, ilohiyot va tasavvuf konsepsiyalarining badiiy sintezi kuzatiladi. Doston orqali Navoiy Sharq falsafiy tafakkurining yuksakligiga G‘arbiy tafakkur unsurlarini uyg‘unlashtirish orqali universallikka erishgan.

Ushbu maqolada Namangan viloyatining Norin tumanida joylashgan Uchtepa arxeologik yodgorligining o’rganilishi va uning ahamiyati atroflicha tahlil qilingan. Uchtepa – qadimgi O’rta Osiyo madaniyatlarining rivojlanish jarayonini o’rganishda muhim bo’lgan yodgorliklardan biri hisoblanadi. Tadqiqotda yodgorlikning aniqlanishi, dastlabki ilmiy tadqiqotlar, qazilma ishlari va zamonaviy arxeologik tahlillar natijalari yoritilgan. Va yana maqolada yodgorlik joylashgan hududning geografik va tarixiy xususiyatlari, uning qadimgi aholi punktlari bilan bog’liqligi, shuningdek, turli davrlarga oid topilmalar asosida shakllangan madaniy qatlamlar haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Tadqiqotchilar tomonidan olib borilgan ilmiy ishlarda Uchtepa yodgorligi ilk temir davri va undan keyingi bosqichlarga oid bo’lishi mumkinligi haqida ilmiy tahminlar ham mavjud. Arxeologik qazishmalar jarayonida aniqlangan me’moriy qoldiqlar, sopol buyumlar, tangalar va boshqa moddiy madaniyat yodgorliklari yodgorlikning qaysi davrlarga oid ekanligini aniqlashda muhim manba bo’lib xizmat qilgan. Uchtepa yodgorligi O’zbekiston va Markaziy Osiyo tarixiy-madaniy merosidagi o’rni hamda uning keyingi tadqiqotlar uchun ahamiyati tahlil qilingan.

This article examines innovative approaches to developing the sociolinguistic competence of upper-grade students within the context of English language education. Sociolinguistic competence—the ability to use language appropriately in various social and cultural contexts—is a core component of communicative competence and a vital skill in modern language learning. The article discusses the theoretical background of sociolinguistic competence, analyzes the specific needs of senior students, and offers practical teaching technologies such as role-playing, cultural comparisons, real-life simulations, and media integration. The study also highlights the role of sociolinguistic awareness in fostering cross-cultural communication, improving pragmatic language use, and enhancing students’ adaptability in globalized environments.

This article discusses the main task of a future physics teacher in heuristic teaching, which is the student's creative self-awareness. This is usually implemented as follows. The student takes materials for construction, but is not provided with ready-made knowledge about it. They create a product of activity (hypothesis, model, craftsmanship), and then compare it with the knowledge of natural sciences in that field with the help of the teacher. As a result, the student revisits the outcome of their activity, leading to personal growth (emotions, knowledge, abilities, and experiences change). When students are involved in the general educational process, the result of their activities may be immersion in the subject they are studying.

Ushbu tezis zamonaviy tilshunoslikda modallik va ekspressivlik kategoriyalarining nazariy-konseptual muammolarini yoritishga qaratilgan. Tadqiqotda modallikning lingvistik va mantiqiy talqinlari o‘rtasidagi tafovut, obyektiv va subyektiv modallik turlarining grammatik va semantik realizatsiyasi tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, ekspressivlik kategoriyasining emotsionallik bilan o‘zaro bog‘liqligi, uning fonetik, leksik, grammatik va stilistik darajalardagi ifoda vositalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Muallif modallik va ekspressivlik kategoriyalarining kommunikativ-pragmatik imkoniyatlarini ochib beradi hamda ularni zamonaviy tilshunoslikda konseptual asosda qayta talqin qilish zarurligini asoslaydi.

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of various psychological training methods aimed at developing attention, including cognitive exercises, mindfulness practices, physical activity, neurofeedback, and digital tools. Based on empirical studies, short-term mindfulness and physical activity sessions demonstrate high effectiveness in enhancing selective and sustained attention. Furthermore, integrated approaches offer consistent and personalized improvements in attention development.

In this article, the theoretical issues related to the philological approach, recognition, word combinations, sentence paradigms, and conceptual analysis are described.

Сегодня вакцины спасают ежегодно 3 миллиона детей, а в будущем можно будет предотвратить гибель 8 млн. детей в год. Выявление и сокращение частоты резидуальных изменений у детей, перенесших поствакцинальные осложнения, и профилактика их возможных появлений в будущем является главной целью диспансеризации данной категории детей. Медицинский персонал должен проявлять заинтересованность в оказании медицинской помощи   ребенку, перенесшему поствакцинальные осложнения путем выявления проблем, основных жалоб, динамического клинического наблюдения. Это необходимо для коррекции терапии, решения медицинских проблем реконвалесцента с поствакцинальные осложнения.

This article presents data on the growth and development of annual rye varieties under moderate and limited humidity conditions of the Secale cereale variety.

Halophyte plants play a vital role in improving the agrochemical properties of saline soils. They reduce soil salinity, increase organic matter, improve nutrient availability, and support microbial activity. This article highlights their impact, showing how halophytes contribute to soil fertility and sustainable agriculture in salt-affected areas.

Ushbu maqola O'zbekiston Respublikasida qo'llaniladigan milliy buxgalteriya hisobi standartlarini Moliyaviy hisobot bo'yicha xalqaro standartlar (MHXS) bilan taqqoslash orqali tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot adabiyotlar tahlili va nazariy yondashuvlar asosida amalga oshirilgan bo'lib, ikki standart tizimi o'rtasidagi o'xshashlik va farqlarni aniqlash, shuningdek O'zbekiston milliy standartlarini xalqaro amaliyotga muvofiqlashtirish yo'llarini taklif qilishni maqsad qiladi. Tahlil natijalarida milliy standartlarning MHXS talablari bilan uyg'unlik darajasi va harmonizatsiya jarayonidagi asosiy muammolar aniqlanadi.

This thesis analyzes the relationship between human eating habits and their personal psychological characteristics. It is highlighted based on scientific sources that food choice behavior, eating time, quantity, and the need to eat are directly related to a person's character, emotional state, and stress level. Also, recommendations are given on the differences in eating between psychotypes, emotional eating states, and psychological health.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Yangilanayotgan O‘zbekistonda ma’rifatli jamiyatni shakllantirish va rivojlantirishga to‘sqinlik qiluvchi kuch hisolanadigan jaholatparastlikning ma’no-mazmuni, obyektiv va subyektiv omillar, g‘ayriinsoniylikdan iborat vazifalari, namoyon bo‘lish shakllari, ularni bartaraf etish uslub va vositalari atroflicha yoritilgan.

Ushbu maqolada mediamuhitda yoshlarning mediasavodxonlik va mediamadaniyatni shakllantirishning gnoseologik masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Mediamakon, ya’ni internet, televizor, radio va boshqa kommunikatsiya vositalari orqali tarqalgan ma’lumotlarni o‘z ichiga oladi. Mediasavodxonlik, odamlarning mediada tarqalgan ma’lumotlarni to‘g‘ri qabul qilish, tahlil qilish va foydalanish qobiliyatidir.

Ushbu maqolamda, O’zbekistondagi Pedagogika ta’lim falsafasi sifatini oshirishga qaratilgan davlat dasturi darajasi olib borilayotgan islohotlarning falsafiy tahlili yoritilgan. Oʻzbekiston Respublikasida Pedagoglarga barkamol shaxs maʼnaviyatini shakllantirishning asosiy vositasi sifatida yondashiladi. Shaxsni tarbiyalash, oʻqitish va shakllantirish Pedagogning asosiy funksiyasi hisoblanadi. Shaxsni tarbiyalash Pedagogikanidagi asosiy tushuncha sanalib, oila va jamiyatning barkamol shaxsni shakllantirishga yoʻnaltirilgan birgalikdagi faoliyatini anglatadi.

Mazkur maqolada karrali integrallarning optimallashtirish masalalarida qo‘llanilishi, ularning turli fizikaviy va muhandislik sohalarida modellashtirish va hisoblash jarayonlarida tutgan o‘rni yoritilgan. Keltirilgan misollar orqali karrali integral yordamida chegaralangan sohalardagi funksional miqdorlarni minimal yoki maksimal qiymatga olib keluvchi shartlarni aniqlash metodikasi yoritiladi.

Rentgen spektrlaridan oqilona foydalanish dasturi, Rentgen nurlari boʻyicha oʻtkazilgan tadqiqot va tajribalar hamda Rentgen nurlaridan xalq xoʻjaligida  foydalanishning usul va takliflari, Rentgen spektrlarining inson organizmiga ta’siri boʻyicha ilmiy xulosa va takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.

This article explores the process of creating imagery in the art of singing and dance, as well as the artistic means of expression used in this process. It analyzes the concept of imagery, its manifestations in singing and dance, and how it is conveyed through voice, intonation, movement, facial expressions, and color. The article also discusses how the combination of singing and dance enhances the expressive power of imagery. It serves to provide a deeper understanding of the artistic thinking and creative approach of performers in the process of image creation.

This article explores the interrelation between emotional expression and stage speech in theatrical art. It discusses the integration of emotion into spoken words, techniques of stage speech, the actor's emotional state, and methods for harmonizing these elements. The article serves as a methodological guide for actors, theater educators, and students.

This article describes the methodology of developing knowledge of the philosophy of history and its modern concepts in future history teachers. The article also contains some opinions about the origin of the philosophy of history, research methods and its stages.

This article discusses the role of information technologies in the education system, their impact on the quality and efficiency of education, the achievements of the formation of competencies in information technologies among students, and the types of lessons in which information technologies are introduced.

This article examines the complex nature of the drying process, including heat transfer, moisture evaporation, and thermodynamic phenomena. The drying process was analyzed using a mathematical model to evaluate moisture evaporation rate, heat balance, and energy efficiency. Optimal parameters for improving the drying process were identified: temperature of 60°C, relative humidity of 20%, and air velocity of 2 m/s. The results can aid in developing energy-efficient drying technologies for industrial and agricultural applications.

This article presents the results of field experiments conducted on meadow sierozem soils in the Tashkent region, where 40 kg per hectare of polymer hydrogel was applied for the joint cultivation of cotton and soybean. The results demonstrate that during the growing season, the efficiency of irrigation water use increased by 15–17%, and it became possible to achieve a cotton yield of 30.7 centners per hectare.

This article analyzes the importance of innovative methods in teaching foreign languages, the new technologies used in translation studies, and modern approaches in philological research. The integration of innovative pedagogical methods, multimedia tools, artificial intelligence, and digital platforms into the educational process is presented on a scientific basis.

This  article  provides  a  literary  analysis    of  two  female  characters  from  Jack  London`s  novels  - “Martin  Eden”   and   “The- Sea Wolf“,  highlighting  their  artistic  features  within  the  context  of  the  XXth century  bourgeois  society.  A  comparetive  analysis  of  the  women  of  that  historical  period  is  carried  out  through  the  literary  representations  of  Ruth  Morse  and  Maud  Brewster.

Ushbu maqolada mumtoz adabiyotimizning yorqin vakillaridan Kamoliddin Binoiyning ijodi va Muhammad Shayboniyxonga bag‘ishlab yozgan “Shayboniynoma” dostoni tahliliga  bag‘ishlanadi. Maqolada buyuk davlat arbobi, shayboniylar sulolasi asoschisi, sarkarda, shoh va shoir Muhammad Shayboniyxon hayoti va ijod yo‘li haqida ma’lumotlar keltiriladi. Kamoliddin Binoiy Sulton Shayboniyxon bilan harbiy yurishlarda hamrohlik qilib, xon bilan ko‘plab mushoiralar uyushtirgan.  Bu dostonning tahlili o‘rganilib, maqola tarixiy-badiiy faktlar asosida ochib beriladi. 

This article examines George Orwell's early socialist views during the period before World War II (1928-1939). Through analysis of his early writings, correspondence, and biographical accounts, the study identifies three key experiences that shaped his political development: his time in Burma, his experiences with poverty, and his involvement in the Spanish Civil War. The analysis explores how Orwell's conception of socialism, emphasizing moral and humanistic aspects, democratic principles, and clear language, differed from mainstream socialist movements of his time. Finally, the article demonstrates how these early socialist views were reflected in his pre-war works, laying the foundation for his later critiques of totalitarianism.

Mazkur maqolada logopedik va defektologik xizmatlarning inklyuziv ta’lim tizimidagi o‘rni va ahamiyati ilmiy-nazariy hamda amaliy asosda yoritilgan. Inklyuziv ta’limning asosiy maqsadi imkoniyati cheklangan o‘quvchilarga umumiy ta’lim muhitida sifatli va teng huquqli ta’lim olish imkoniyatini yaratishdir. Shu nuqtai nazardan logoped va defektolog mutaxassislarning faoliyati o‘quvchilarning nutq, psixik va intellektual rivojlanishini qo‘llab-quvvatlashda beqiyos ahamiyat kasb etadi. Maqolada logopedik va defektologik xizmatlarning asosiy vazifalari, xalqaro va milliy tajriba misolida ularning samarali faoliyat yuritish shakllari, mavjud muammolar hamda ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha takliflar keltirilgan.

Метаболический синдром и ожирение является актуальной проблемой как в Узбекистане, так и во всем мире. Рост заболеваемости данной патологией отмечается нетолько у взрослого населения, но и в детском возрасте до 14 ти лет.

Острая спаечная тонкокишечная непроходимость (ОСТКН) является одной из наиболее частых форм кишечной непроходимости, представляя значительные трудности в диагностике и выборе хирургической тактики. В статье рассмотрены современные подходы к диагностике ОСТКН, включая мультислайсную компьютерную томографию, ультразвуковое исследование и обзорную рентгенографию. Представлены результаты проспективного рандомизированного исследования 218 пациентов, проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности лапароскопического и лапаротомного адгезиолизиса. Впервые обсуждается использование биохимических маркеров, включая определение уровня оксипролина в плазме крови и моче, как дополнительного критерия для оценки степени фиброзного процесса. Сделан акцент на целесообразности применения малоинвазивных методов как диагностического, так и лечебного этапов.

This thesis explores the use of phraseological units in Katherine Mansfield’s short story The Garden Party. Phraseological units, including idioms, fixed expressions, and collocations, play a crucial role in enriching the narrative, adding depth to characters, and conveying cultural nuances. By analyzing the linguistic features and contextual usage of these units, the study reveals how Mansfield effectively uses phraseology to create vivid imagery and enhance thematic expression. The research also discusses the challenges of interpreting and translating such units due to their cultural specificity. This work contributes to the broader understanding of phraseological richness in literary texts and highlights Mansfield’s unique stylistic approach.

This study examines the thematic unity of the figures of mother and child in the literary works of Pearl S. Buck, emphasizing how their bond reflects cultural, emotional, and moral foundations in Eastern and Western contexts. Buck, who grew up in China and wrote extensively about the lives of Chinese peasants, portrays motherhood as a central force of stability and identity. Her characters often embody the duality of vulnerability and strength, especially in the mother-child relationship. The article analyzes selected novels, such as The Good Earth, The Women’s Pavilion, and The Mother, to highlight how Buck links the fates of mother and child to highlight themes of survival, sacrifice, and transformation. Through this lens, the unity between mother and child becomes not only a personal bond but also a larger metaphor for continuity, tradition, and social commentary in times of turmoil.

Parental infantilism is a very rare, atypical and still poorly studied phenomenon for modern society, and is presented as a complex systemic formation. The article discusses the socio-psychological factors of the emergence of infantilism in the institution of modern parenting based on the analysis of materials from scientific publications that study the psychological characteristics of infantile parents and their psychological problems.

The modern family is called not only to solve many problems related to the daily life of its members, the birth and upbringing of a child, interpersonal relationships in the family, but also to be a kind of psychological «shelter» for a person. At the current stage of development, there are views that a large family is in a state of crisis caused by changes in socio-economic and social conditions, values and priorities in relation to the family as a social institution.

Musobaqaga psixik tayyorlik holati ham barcha psixik holatlar kabi murakkab ichki koʻrinishga ega boʻlib, unda sportchining boʻlajak musobaqani kutish vaqtidagi turli his tuyg'ulari qorishib ketgan, ularda sportchining oʻz sheriklari hamda raqiblari bilan oʻzaro munosabati, oʻzining bellashuvga kirishishi, bellashuvlarning borishi hamda natijasi (bosqich natijalari, yakuniy natija) toʻg'risidagi oʻy fikrlari mavjuddir. Ushbu tuyg'ularning namoyon boʻlishi sportchining xulq-atvori va xatti-harakatidagi oʻziga hos jihatlarini belgilab beradi. E'tiborli tomoni shundaki, ayni shu jihatlarga koʻra biz sportchining psixik holati va uning oʻzgarishlari haqida fikr yuritishimiz mumkin boʻladi.

В Узбекистане на протяжении последних десятилетий устойчиво применяется термин «просвещение против невежества» как часть государственной и общественной риторики. Эта концепция была задумана как альтернатива религиозному фанатизму, экстремизму и социальной деградации. Однако на практике реализация этой идеи нередко оказывается неэффективной. Основной причиной такого положения дел становится чрезмерно формализованный и директивный подход. Большинство мероприятий, проводимых под лозунгом «духовно-просветительской работы», сводится к обязательным собраниям, где звучат шаблонные выражения и стереотипные цитаты. Люди, особенно молодёжь, воспринимают их как форму принуждения, а не как живой процесс саморазвития и воспитания. Как указывает Ш. Мансуров, «формализация духовных мероприятий может приводить не к укреплению, а к ослаблению религиозной и культурной идентичности, особенно если эти мероприятия навязываются без внутренней мотивации» .

Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases characterized by inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth. The article discusses modern methods of treatment and prevention of periodontitis, including innovative approaches. The main causes of the pathology are bacterial infection, plaque and tartar deposits, immune disorders, as well as systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis). The disease can be chronic, leading to progressive bone resorption, mobility, and tooth loss. Treatment of periodontitis requires an integrated approach, including professional oral hygiene, antibacterial therapy, surgical intervention (flap surgery, bone grafting) and correction of systemic factors. Prevention plays a key role in preventing the progression of the disease.

Ushbu maqola yosh va rivojlanish psixologiyasining asosiy prinsiplari, konseptlari va dolzarb muammolariga bag‘ishlangan. Maqola yosh bosqichlarining psixologik xususiyatlari, rivojlanish jarayonidagi muhim o‘zgarishlar va ularning ijtimoiy va madaniy muhit bilan aloqasi haqida tahlil qiladi. Shuningdek, maqola yoshda yuzaga keladigan psixologik muammolar, muhim rivojlanish bosqichlarida qo‘llaniladigan psixologik metodlar va yondashuvlarni o‘rganadi. Maqola yoshlarning shaxsiyatini shakllantirishda psixologik yondashuvlarning ahamiyatini ta’kidlab, zamonaviy psixologiya sohasidagi yangiliklar bilan bog‘liq muhim tushunchalarni yoritadi.

Maqolada bahorgi bugdoy navlarini yaratishning seleksion ilmiy asoslari shimoliy mintaqa Qoraqalpog`iston viloyati sharoitida kechadigan jarayonlarni o'rganish asosida yoritilgan.