Том 4 № 31 (2025)

this paper investigates the application of the Montessori method as an innovative pedagogical approach to enhance language learning skills among primary school students. Emphasizing learner autonomy, multisensory engagement, and individualized instruction, the Montessori framework provides a holistic and child-centered environment conducive to effective language acquisition during early educational stages. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including observational studies, experimental implementation in classroom settings, and quantitative analysis of learner performance data. Findings reveal that Montessori-based language learning strategies significantly improve students’ vocabulary development, reading comprehension, speaking fluency, and overall linguistic competence. The paper discusses the implications of these results for curriculum design and pedagogical practice in primary education.

В статье рассмотрены достижения в разработке гибких и прозрачных нанопроводящих материалов для гибкой электроники, солнечной энергетики и биомедицины. Проанализированы основные типы наноматериалов — углеродные нанотрубки, графен и металлические нанопровода — и методы их синтеза. Особое внимание уделено технологическим вызовам и перспективам, связанным с однородностью, стабильностью и масштабируемостью производства. Представлены направления исследований по созданию эффективных и экономичных материалов для инновационных приложений. Результаты будут полезны специалистам в материаловедении и нанотехнологиях.

This article focuses on improving the pedagogical aspects of sports development among young people. The study examines the impact of sports on the physical, social, psychological, and moral development of youth, the role of pedagogical approaches, and the effectiveness of modern methods. The experiences of foreign countries, particularly Finland, Australia, South Korea, the USA, and Germany, are analyzed, and the possibilities of adapting them to Uzbekistan's conditions are explored. Innovative methods such as gamification, digital technologies, and motivational strategies are considered as important tools for engaging youth in sports. The work pays special attention to fostering social and moral values through sports, implementing individual approaches, and enhancing the professional qualifications of coaches. The research results will contribute to making the pedagogical system of sports development among youth in Uzbekistan more effective.

Mazkur materialda bibliografik ko‘rsatkichlarning turlari, ularning mazmuni, ahamiyati hamda tuzilish bosqichlari haqida batafsil ma’lumot berilgan. Bibliografik ko‘rsatkichlar – zamonaviy kutubxonachilikning muhim vositasi bo‘lib, foydalanuvchilarga kerakli ma’lumotni tizimli tarzda topishda yordam beradi. Maqolada mavzuli, shaxsiy, hududiy va tavsiyaviy ko‘rsatkichlar hamda ularning kutubxona faoliyatidagi o‘rni yoritilgan. Bu ma’lumotlar kutubxona xodimlari va foydalanuvchilarga bibliografik axborot bilan ishlashda amaliy yordam beradi.

In this work in a limited range located from points harvest was without a break function for L_n (x) Lagrange and In Newton Interpolation Methods approximation has been made, and their interpolation The errors were estimated . At the same time , an improved algorithm for constructing Lagrange and Newton interpolation methods was developed. As a result, it was shown which method is more effective in approximating functions.

This article is devoted to the construction of wavelet models, which are considered important in function processing, and the use of Taylor series as a method of approximating analytical functions.

Maqolada o‘zbek tilining farmatsiya sohasidagi ilmiy va amaliy ahamiyati haqida ma’lumot berilgan.

N-gram modeling is a fundamental technique in corpus linguistics and natural language processing (NLP), used to analyze the statistical patterns of language based on contiguous sequences of words or characters. By representing text as a series of N-grams (unigrams, bigrams, trigrams), researchers and engineers can model language probabilities, detect linguistic trends, and develop tools such as predictive text, spell-checkers, and machine translation systems. The method relies on frequency analysis and conditional probability to predict the likelihood of word sequences, often applying smoothing techniques to manage data sparsity. Despite its simplicity and effectiveness, N-gram models have limitations in capturing long-range dependencies and semantic context, which newer neural models address. Nevertheless, N-gram approaches remain valuable for baseline models, resource-limited languages, and corpus-driven linguistic research.

This article provides a scientific analysis of the significance of individualized approaches in modern orthodontics, particularly in the use of non-removable treatment methods. Non-removable orthodontic appliances are commonly employed to correct severe dental and skeletal deformities, which necessitate the development of personalized treatment plans based on factors such as the patient's age, dental history, skeletal development, and oral health status. Individualized treatment strategies enhance the efficiency of therapy, reduce complications, and contribute to better long-term results.

This article analyzes modern models of quality management in the field of philology. Problems arising in the educational process and their solutions are studied, and innovative approaches aimed at improving the quality of education are presented. The article considers the issues of assessing, monitoring and implementing effective management mechanisms for the quality of education. At the same time, it is emphasized that the proposed models and methodologies for improving the quality of training philology specialists are of practical importance.

This thesis analyzes the global development of the digitalization process and its impact on international legal standards. In particular, the new socio-economic relations arising from digital technologies require a reassessment of international norms and conventions. The thesis also emphasizes the necessity of implementing these global standards into national legislation. Based on the research findings, practical recommendations are provided regarding the legal, institutional, and technical aspects of the implementation process.

Ushbu maqolada loyiha portfelini boshqarishning zamonaviy dunyoda o’rni va ro’li to’liq ochib berilgan. Loyiha portfelini boshqarish usullarini qo‘llash, loyiha portfellarini to‘g‘ri tanlash va muvaffaqiyatli amalga oshirish strategik rejalashtirish atroflicha yoritilgan. Strategik rejalashtirishga olimlar tomonidan keltirilgan ta’riflar tahlil qilingan. Portfelni shakllantirish va amalga oshirish, P2M standarti - Project and Program Management (Loyiha va dasturlarni boshqarish) bo’yicha to’liq ma’lumotlar berilgan.

Ushbu maqolada milliy kurash sport turining O‘zbekistonga kirib kelishi, uning tarixiy ildizlari, xalq hayotidagi o‘rni va rivojlanish bosqichlari yoritilgan. Kurashning qadim zamonlardagi mavjudligi, sovet davridagi holati va mustaqillik yillarida rasmiy sport turi sifatida tan olinishi haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan. Shuningdek, kurashning xalqaro miqyosda ommalashuvi va bugungi kundagi ahamiyati ham tahlil qilingan. Maqola kurash sportining milliy meros sifatida tutgan o‘rni va ahamiyatini ochib beradi.

This article applies pedagogies of culturally responsive teaching (CRT) to the multilingual Karakalpakstan classroom, an autonomous republic in Uzbekistan. Underpinned by sociolinguistic theory and by practice in the classroom, the article discusses how the background languages, school medium, ethnic background, and gender of the students can affect English language tutoring among 14-15-year-old pre-intermediate learners. Techniques addressed in the article range through differentiated instruction, strategic code-switching, gender-sensitive group work, identity-informed materials, and fluid assessment. Effects addressed by the article relate to decreasing educational disparities among Russian- and Karakalpak-medium learners, making classrooms more inclusive and supportive of learners' identities, and challenging fixed notions about learners. A sociolinguistic framework sets learners' embodied experience and intersectional identities to the forefront of the enterprise about language pedagogy

Hozirgi kunda O‘zbekistonda islom moliyasi bozorini shakllantirish masalasi dolzarb mavzulardan biri bo‘lib, uning joriy etilishi iqtisodiyotning barqaror rivojlanishiga hissa qo‘shishi mumkin. Mazkur maqolada islom moliyasining asosiy tamoyillari, uning O‘zbekistonda rivojlanish bosqichlari va istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi.

Mazkur maqolada neyropedagogika fanining asosiy tushunchalari, bolalarning individual neyroxususiyatlari va ularni hisobga olgan holda taʼlim jarayonini tashkil etish yo‘llari tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, zamonaviy taʼlim texnologiyalarining neyropedagogik yondashuv bilan uyg‘unlashtirilishi natijasida o‘quvchilarning bilim o‘zlashtirish darajasi qanday oshishini ko‘rsatib beriladi. Bolalarda ta'limiy va tarbiyaviy yondashuv orqali bilim va ko‘nikmalarni oshirishga yordam beruvchi texnalogiyalar mohiyatini yoritib berishga yordam beradi

This article explores the importance of teacher training and professional development in supporting bilingual students in international schools. It also discusses various models of professional development, including professional learning communities, mentorship, and online learning. The article outlines challenges in implementing effective development programs and suggests strategies for overcoming them. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of supporting bilingual students through integrated language objectives, promoting multilingualism, engaging families, and using culturally responsive materials.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic elevation of glucose (sugar) levels in the blood. Among children, it mostly occurs in the form of Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent). However, in recent years, cases of Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) have also been increasing among children and adolescents.

Ushbu maqolada Yunon falsafiy merosining Yaqin va O’rta Sharqdagi musulmon mutafakkirlar tafakkuriga ko’rsatgan kuchli ta’siri, antik mualliflarning asarlarini arab tiliga tarjima qilishda Bag’doddagi “Donishmandlar uyi” (Bayt al-Hikma) va boshqa ilmiy markazlarning o’rni yoritilgan. Tarjima faoliyatining IX asrda yuqori darajaga ko’tarilgani va bu orqali yunon falsafasi, mantig’i, tabiatshunosligi islomiy ilm-fanning ajralmas qismiga aylangani ta’kidlangan.

Ushbu maqolada yangi avlod ona tili  darsliklarida matn yaratishga doir topshiriqlarning berilishi va ularni o‘quvchilarga o‘rgatishning ta'limiy asoslari xususida fikrlar keltirilgan. Matnning muhim belgilari, o‘quvchilar dunyoqarashini o’stirishdagi ahamiyati ko’rsatib o’tilgan.

В статье приводится исследование концентрацию вредных газов и паров в рабочей зоне и давать оценку чистоты воздушной среды производственных помещений предприятии хлопкоочистительной, текстильной и лёгкой промышленности Республики Узбекистан. 

В статье рассматривается проза И.С. Тургенева. Художественное своеобразие образа русского крестьянства в «Записках охотника» И.С. Тургенева. Цикл рассказов «Записки охотника», в котором изображены уникальные народные характеры, не только фокусирующие в себе основные черты русского национального характера.

This article highlights the issues related to achieving economic development through the production of new goods. It analyzes the importance of the process of creating innovative products, studying market demand, and developing marketing strategies. Additionally, the role of technological innovations and modern trends in the production of new products is also discussed. The research findings include practical recommendations for enterprises to enhance competitiveness and achieve sustainable growth.

The article presents the results of scientific research on the feed conversion ratio of bodies of various lines of the Danish Holstein breed .

This article analyzes the main factors for managing and resolving conflicts in entrepreneurship in the Navoiy region. The causes of conflicts in business, their impact, and effective approaches that entrepreneurs can apply are examined. The legal, economic, and social aspects of entrepreneurship and their role in minimizing conflicts are discussed. Additionally, the importance of legal literacy, strategic planning, mediation, and market monitoring in preventing and effectively managing conflicts is highlighted. This article is prepared with the aim of helping entrepreneurs and professionals understand conflict management strategies and contribute to the stable development of the business environment.

This article provides full information about the methodological possibilities of teaching children to think independently through didactic games. The content and methodical possibilities of each type of didactic games are revealed.

Intensification of competition in the global economic environment is forcing enterprises to reconsider their business strategies. Marketing strategies are an important tool in this process. They allow enterprises to identify market needs, establish effective relationships with consumers, and ensure competitive advantage. This article analyzes the theoretical foundations of marketing strategies, their impact on competitive advantage, and their practical application.

Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy axborot-resurs markazlarida xalqaro axborot bazalari va chet el adabiyotlaridan foydalanish orqali ilmiy izlanishlarni samarali amalga oshirish yo‘llari yoritilgan. Ilmiy tadqiqotda axborot texnologiyalarining tutgan o‘rni, xalqaro ma’lumotlar omborlari imkoniyatlari va ularning tadqiqotchilar uchun ahamiyati muhokama qilinadi.

В статье рассматриваются особенности физической подготовки волейболистов на различных этапах спортивной подготовки: начальном, учебно-тренировочном и этапе спортивного совершенствования. Подчеркивается значение системного и целенаправленного подхода к развитию физических качеств с учетом возраста, уровня подготовки и задач каждого этапа.

Mazkur maqolada zamonaviy sog‘liqni saqlash tizimida axborot texnologiyalarining tutgan o‘rni va ahamiyati yoritilgan. Tibbiy axborot tizimlari, elektron hujjatlar, telemeditsina, va masofaviy monitoring kabi texnologiyalar orqali tibbiyotda xizmat ko‘rsatish sifati, tezligi va aniqligi oshib borayotgani ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Shu bilan birga, tibbiy ma’lumotlar xavfsizligi va etik me’yorlarga rioya qilish masalalari ham tahlil qilingan. Maqola so‘ngida axborot texnologiyalarining tibbiyotdagi istiqbollari yuzasidan xulosalar keltirilgan.

Mаzkur mаqоlаdа о‘zbek rоmаnlаri tilidа оkkаziоnаl birliklаrning lingvоpоetik хususiyаtlаri tаhlil qilinаdi. Хususаn, О‘tkir Hоshimоv, Tоhir Mаlik, Muhаmmаd Yusuf, Pirimqul Qоdirоv, Хurshid Dаvrоn rоmаnlаri аsоsidа leksik, frаzeоlоgik, sintаktik vа fоnetik-grаfik dаrаjаlаrdа yаrаtilgаn muаllif neоlоgizmlаri kо‘rib chiqilаdi. Ulаrning bаdiiy mаtndаgi ekspressivlik, оbrаzlilik, estetik tа’sir kuchini оshirishdаgi rоli yоritilаdi.

This article explores the four main types of sentences—declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory—and analyzes their specific functions within discourse. Each sentence type contributes uniquely to effective communication, shaping the structure, tone, and purpose of both spoken and written texts. The article highlights how these sentence types are used in academic, instructional, and narrative contexts, emphasizing the importance of understanding their proper usage for improving discourse competence.

В статье рассматривается синтаксическое значение односоставности, определяются семантические признаки предложений с одним главным членом. Характеризуются  признаки инфинитивных предложений: семантическая основа,  особенности структуры.

Ushbu maqola elektron sog'liqni saqlash tizimlarini joriy etishning nazariy va huquqiy asoslarini tahlil qiladi. Tadqiqot adabiyotlar tahlili metodidan foydalangan holda elektron tibbiyotning nazariy konseptual asoslarini, xalqaro va milliy huquqiy bazasini hamda joriy etish jarayonidagi asosiy muammolarni o'rganadi. Natijalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, elektron sog'liqni saqlash tizimlari samaradorlikni oshirish va xizmat sifatini yaxshilash imkoniyatlarini taqdim etsa ham, ma'lumotlar xavfsizligi, texnik standartlashtirish va huquqiy tartibga solish masalalari hal qilinishi zarur.

The relationship between Big Data and intellectual property rights is complex and multifaceted, at the heart of which lies the question of the right to own and use information. Traditional intellectual property rights mainly protect the results of creative activity (works, inventions, designs, etc.) and means of individualization (such as trademarks). Big Data, on the other hand, is often not a creative work, but a collection of facts, observation results, sensor data, and similar raw data. In legal doctrine, facts and information themselves are not considered property - in US law, for example, in the case of the Supreme Court's Feist v. Rural states that simple facts are not protected by copyright. Therefore, a large dataset itself (if it does not have an original structure in terms of copyright) cannot be a direct object of copyright